Development of a System for Cognitive Workload Distinction for Intelligent Vehicle

Wongi Hong,Wonsup Lee,Kihyo Jung,Suwan Park,Yunsuk Park,Joonwoo Son,Seikwon Park,Heecheon You 대한인간공학회 2011 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.5

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare and evaluate the accuracy of workload distinction of quantification measures (HR, SDNN, RMSSD, RMSE) by ROC analysis method to apply ECG biosignal to safe driving support technology of intelligent vehicle. And a system applied ROC analysis method to analyze the accuracy of workload distinction in real-time is developed. Background: Biosignals such as electrocardiography (ECG) can be used to analyze driver's cognitive workload which is one of safe driving support technologies of the intelligent vehicle. Driver's workload can be distinguished by analyzing heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV), which are calculated by ECG measured. To distinguish workload level based on ECG, individually suitable quantification measures of ECG should be selected; however, existing researches have used equal ECG quantification measures and ECG baseline. Method: System which can analyze workload in real-time and discriminate the most suitable measure for ECG quantification is developed. Results: A case study was conducted to test the system; consequently, HR was the most suitable measure for ECG quantification in the case. Conclusion: The system will be complemented at the point of effectiveness and usability continuously and it will beable to be applied and used to intelligent vehicle in the foreseeable future. Application: The system and the algorithm will be useful in the research for workload based on ECG.

Development of an Evaluation Method for a Driver's Cognitive Workload Using ECG Signal

Wongi Hong,Wonsup Lee,Kihyo Jung,Baekhee Lee,Suwan Park,Yunsuk Park,Joonwoo Son,Seikwon Park,Heecheon You 대한인간공학회 2011 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.10

Objective: The present study is to develop an effective evaluation method for a driver's cognitive workload using electrocardiography (ECG) signal. Background: ECG measures such as heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) have been used for cognitive workload evaluation. Since ECG changes by cognitive workload vary largely depending on personal characteristics, an optimal analysis protocol of ECG needs to be tailored to each individual accordingly; however, existing studies have not considered personal characteristics in ECG analysis for cognitive workload evaluation. Method: The proposed evaluation method uses the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). A preliminary analysis was conducted with ECG data collected in a driving simulator while an n-back task was conducted. AUC analysis was performed for four ECG metrics (mean IBI, SDNN, RMSSD, and RMSE), three window spans (20, 30, and 40 seconds), and three update rates (1, 2, and 3 seconds). Results: It was identified that the optimal ECG analysis parameters of metric, window span, and update rate maximizing the discriminability of cognitive workload evaluation varied between individual drivers. Conclusion: The finding of the present study supports the use of an individually customized ECG analysis protocol for better evaluation accuracy of a drivers' cognitive workload. Application: The proposed ECG analysis method for cognitive workload evaluation can be applied to development of a safe driving support system.

ECG 기반의 운전자별 인지 부하 평가 방법 개발

홍원기(Wongi Hong),이원섭(Wonsup Lee),정기효(Kihyo Jung),이백희(Baekhee Lee),박장운(Jangwoon Park),박수완(Suwan Park),박윤숙(Yunsuk Park),손준우(Joonwoo Son),박세권(Seikwon Park),유희천(HeecheonYou) 대한산업공학회 2014 대한산업공학회지 Vol.40 No.3

High cognitive workload decreases a driver’s ability of judgement and response in traffic situation and could result in a traffic accident. Electrocardiography (ECG) has been used for evaluation of drivers’ cognitive workload; however, individual differences in ECG response corresponding to cognitive workload have not been fully considered. The present study developed an evaluation method of individual driver’s cognitive workload based on ECG data, and evaluated its usefulness through an experiment in a driving simulator. The evaluation method developed by the present study determined the optimal ECG evaluation condition for individual participant by analysis of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for various conditions (total number of conditions = 144) in terms of four aspects (ECG measure, window span, update rate, and workload level). AUC analysis on the various conditions showed that the optimal ECG evaluation condition for each participant was significantly different. In addition, the optimal ECG evaluation condition could accurately detect changes in cognitive workload for 47% of the total participants (n = 15). The evaluation method proposed in the present study can be utilized in the evaluation of individual driver’s cognitive workload for an intelligent vehicle.

The Effects of Robotization on Foreign Direct Investment

홍성우 ( Sungwoo Hong ),김원기 ( Wongi Kim ),윤여준 ( Yeo Joon Yoon ) 대외경제정책연구원 2023 Working Papers Vol.22 No.4

The <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> protective effects of tannin derivatives against <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhimurium infection

Reyes, Alisha Wehdnesday Bernardo,Hong, Tae Gyu,Hop, Huynh Tan,Arayan, Lauren Togonon,Huy, Tran Xuan Ngoc,Min, Wongi,Lee, Hu Jang,Lee, Kang Seok,Kim, Suk Elsevier 2017 Microbial pathogenesis Vol.109 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, we investigated the protective effects of tannin-derived components, gallic acid (GA) and tannic acid (TA), <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> against <I>Salmonella</I> infection in mice. Both GA and TA showed antibacterial effects against <I>Salmonella</I> (<I>S.</I>) Typhimurium as well as inhibitory effects on the adherence, invasion, and intracellular growth of the pathogens in macrophages. Following a lethal dose of <I>Salmonella</I> infection in mice, reduced virulence in both GA- and TA-treated groups was observed based on reduced mortality rates. In the non-infected groups, the average weights of the spleens and livers of GA- or TA-treated mice were not significantly different with the control group. In addition, the average weights of these organs in all of the <I>Salmonella</I>-infected groups were not significantly different but the numbers of bacteria in the spleens and livers in both GA- and TA-treated mice were significantly reduced. The levels of cytokine production in non-infected mice revealed that GA-treated and TA-treated mice elicited an increased level of IFN-γ, and both IFN-γ and MCP-1, respectively, as compared with the PBS-treated group. These findings highlight the potential of GA and TA as alternatives for the treatment of salmonellosis and as supplements to conventional antimicrobial food additives.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Gallic acid (GA) and tannic acid (TA) showed antibacterial effects against <I>S.</I> Typhimurium. </LI> <LI> GA and TA showed a treatment effect against <I>S.</I> Typhimurium infection in a mouse model. </LI> <LI> GA-treated and TA-treated mice elicited an increased level of IFN-γ, and both IFN-γ and MCP-1, respectively. </LI> <LI> GA and TA could be used as potential alternatives for the treatment of salmonellosis. </LI> </UL> </P>

Analysis of Visual Sensibility Evaluation of Naturally Colored Organic Cotton

Jangwoon Park,Yoon Chang,Wongi Hong,Myungeun Lee,Ahreum Han,Youngjoo Chae,Gilsoo Cho,Heecheon You 대한인간공학회 2011 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.30 No.2

Objective: The present study was intended to identify (1) the intra- and inter-rater reliabilities of a visual sensibility evaluation protocol and (2) the effects of NaCOC color and scouring method on the visual sensibility of NaCOC. Thirty female participants(20s & 30s) were participated in the visual sensibility evaluation of NaCOC. Background: Interests in naturally colored organic cotton(NaCOC) increase rapidly in parallel with the social trend of eco-friendly living and wellbeing. Method: Three color sets (ivory, green, and coyote-brown) of NaCOC specimens including one untreated and four treated specimens(Na₂CO₃; NaOH; enzyme; boiling water) were examined in the study. The visual sensibility evaluation was conducted by the test-retest method using nine pairs of bipolar visual sensibility adjectives(bright-dark; clear-murky; heavy-light; vivid-subdued; warm-cool; fresh-stale; strong-weak; showy-plain; and luxurious-cheap). Results: As a result of reliability of a visual sensibility evaluation protocol, inter-rater variability(average SD=1.06) of visual sensibility evaluation was more than 1.4 times the intra-rater variability(average SD=0.74). However, both the sensibility evaluation reliabilities did not show any systematic pattern of changes. Lastly, ANOVA and post-hoc analysis showed that preferred scouring methods for a visual sensibility adjective pair significantly vary depending on NaCOC color. Application: Both the reliability of visual sensibility evaluation protocol and the analysis of proper scoring method of NaCOC in the study would be useful information to design the affective textile.

A Guideline of Computer-based Training Design Considering HCI Principles and Usability Evaluation

Seungwook Lee,Jiyoung Kim,Wongi Hong,Joohyun Jung,Youngwon Choi,Byeongho Bak 대한인간공학회 2015 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

Objective: The aim of this study is to establish a guidelines of CBT(Computer-Based Training) GUI design considering HCI(Human-Computer Interaction) principles and Usability evaluation components. Background: There are many studies on the GUI(Graphic User Interface) design guidelines such as mobile applications and website; however, lacked of consideration for a specialized field such as the military. Method : A three research was applied in the study. (1) Define HCI Principles, (2) Review of existing CBTs and Web-based training system, (3) Research of Usability evaluation criterion components Results: A guideline of CBT design was consisted of 8 design components, and develop for three screen(log-in/initial/learning) and 4 areas(title/menu/contents/script) in the integrated 12 Usability evaluation components. Conclusion: A guideline of CBT design can be applicable to develop CBT screen design in the integrated usability.

Classification of Driver’s Cognitive Workload Levels using Artificial Neural Network on ECG

Amir Tjolleng,Kihyo Jung,Wongi Hong,Wonsup Lee,Baekhee Lee,Heecheon You,Joonwoo Son,Seikwon Park 대한산업공학회 2015 대한산업공학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.11

OSGi 서비스 플랫폼 기반의 인증 기법에 관한 연구

이창욱(Changuk I),홍원기(Wongi Hong),장훈(Hoon Chang) 한국정보과학회 2009 정보과학회논문지 : 시스템 및 이론 Vol.36 No.5

The establishment of security architecture is essential because security vulnerabilities occur such as user's unjustifiable connection for the opened gateway and access to resources without permission in OSGi service platform environment. In this paper, it proposes a authentication technique for an Automatic user authentication which is used the Symmetric Key and the Service bundle authentication to consider the constraints of the hardware in the OSGi service platform environment. Typically, the type of entering a password is used for the user authentication mechanism however OSGi platform environment studies not entering the password but using MAC address and encrypted identifier of the automatic user authentication mechanism because the devices are limited in their input. In this paper, the Symmetric Key is used for bundle authentication mechanism. Therefore operation becomes quick and secure authentication process has been successfully completed by using the time data and a ticket which contains a license. Based on these two different authentication mechanisms, it could eliminate the constraints of resources and improve the convenience of users and administrators. Also it shows an effect from omitting the waiting time to enter a password and reducing operations which need for authentication in the OSGi service platform environment. OSGi 서비스 플랫폼 환경에서는 개방된 게이트웨이에 대한 정당하지 않은 사용자의 침입과 허가되지 않은 자원의 접근과 같은 보안 취약성이 발생하므로 보안 아키텍처의 구축이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 OSGi 서비스 플랫폼 환경의 하드웨어적인 제약을 고려하여 대칭키를 이용한 자동화된 사용자 인증과 서비스 번들 인증 기법을 제안한다. OSGi 플랫폼 환경은 디바이스들의 입력 수단에 제약이 있으므로 패스워드 입력 과정을 생략하고 MAC address와 암호화된 식별자를 사용한 자동화된 사용자 인증 메커니즘을 연구하였다. 또한 서비스 번들을 위한 인증 메커니즘에는 대칭키를 이용하여 연산이 빠르고 시간 정보와 발급 정보가 담긴 티켓을 이용하여 안전한 인증 과정을 거칠 수 있도록 하였다. 이러한 두 가지 인증 메커니즘을 바탕으로 자원의 제약성을 해소하여 사용자와 관리자의 편의성을 높이고 패스워드 입력 대기 시간의 생략과 보안 인증에 필요한 연산을 줄여 OSGi 서비스 플랫폼 환경에서 효과가 있다고 분석하였다.

Tannic acid-mediated immune activation attenuates Brucella abortus infection in mice

REYESALISHA WEHDNESDAY,Huynh T. Hop,Lauren T. Arayan,Tran X. N. Huy,Wongi Min,Hu Jang Lee,Hong-hee Chang,Suk KIM 대한수의학회 2018 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.19 No.1

Brucellosis is an emerging infectious disease affecting humans and animals. In this study, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of tannic acid (TA) against Brucella abortus infection. After infection, F-actin polymerization and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) (ERK 1/2 and p38a) phosphorylation were reduced in TA-treated cells compared with that in control cells. The mice were infected via an intraperitoneal route and were orally given TA or phosphate-buffered saline for 14 days. Spleen weights of the TA-treated and control mice were not different; however, splenic proliferation of B. abortus was significantly reduced in the TA-treated group. Immune response analysis showed that, compared with the control group, non-infected TA-treated mice displayed increased levels of interferon- (IFN-), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and interleukin-10 at 3 days post-infection and a further increase in IFN- and MCP-1 at 14 days post-infection. In contrast, compared with the control group, infected TA-treated mice displayed elevated levels of IFN- at 3 days post-infection, which continued to increase at 14 days post-infection, as was also observed for tumor necrosis factor. Taken together, the results showing TA activation of cytokine production and inhibition of bacterial proliferation in the host highlight a potential use of TA treatment in the control of Brucella infection.