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Song, Sang Woo,Kim, Yong Hwy,Kim, Jin Wook,Park, Chul-Kee,Kim, Jung Eun,Kim, Dong Gyu,Koh, Young-Cho,Jung, Hee-won Elsevier 2018 World neurosurgery Vol.109 No.-
<P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Degree of resection and visual outcome are the main concerns in the surgical resection of tuberculum sellae meningioma (TSM). In addition to the transcranial approach (TCA), the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) has been used increasingly. However, the controversy regarding the optimal surgical approach is not clearly resolved.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>We compared the surgical outcomes of each approach for TSMs from 44 patients receiving EEA and 40 patients receiving TCA in 2 institutions between 2004 and 2015. We analyzed the surgical outcomes and affecting factors for the relapse of tumor and visual outcome.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Gross total resection rates and relapse-free survival were not different between the 2 groups; however, the locations of residual or recurred tumor definitely differed. All recurrences in the TCA group were in the sella turcica, whereas residual tumors in EEA group were mainly located at lateral or superior to the clinoid process. The complete or partial improvement rate of visual function in the EEA group was 97.7%, but 9 patients (23.7%) in the TCA group experienced visual deterioration after surgery. EEA and younger age (<55 years) were associated with favorable visual outcome. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred in only one case in the EEA group.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Surgical approaches do not affect the gross total resection rates, but the locations of residual tumor or recurrence differ according to surgical approaches. EEA is superior to TCA in visual outcome. At least in pure TSMs, the trend seems to be shifting in favor of EEA, considering the huge difference in visual outcome.</P>
Song, Ji-Hun,Han, Yeong-Deok,Lee, Won-Koo,Kim, Il-Hoi,Paik, Sang-Gyu,Lee, Jongrak,Soh, Ho Young,Lee, Wonchoel,Jung, Jongwoo,Kim, Sa Heung,Lee, Jun-Sang,Kim, Joo-Pil,Park, Taeseo,Yoo, Jung-Sun,Kil, Hyu The National Institute of Biological Resources 2017 Journal of species research Vol.6 No.no.spc
A research project entitled "Discovery of Korean Indigenous Species" was launched in 2006, and has been carried on as a continuous project until now. The main purpose of this project is to find undiscovered species on the Korean peninsula and ultimately register these species in the "National List of Species of Korea". In this paper, we present 79 unrecorded species of the Korean metazoans. All species were obtained from the final reports of "Discovery of Korean Indigenous Species" which were performed during the first five years of the project, 2006 to 2010.
Identification of Inhibitors Against BAK Pore Formation using an Improved in vitro Assay System
Song, Seong-Soo,Lee, Won-Kyu,Aluvila, Sreevidya,Oh, Kyoung Joon,Yu, Yeon Gyu Korean Chemical Society 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.2
The pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family protein BID activates BAK and/or BAX, which form oligomeric pores in the mitochondrial outer membrane. This results in the release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm, initiating the apoptotic cascade. Here, we utilized liposomes encapsulating sulfo-rhodamine at a controlled temperature to improve upon a previously reported assay system with enhanced sensitivity and specificity for measuring membrane permeabilization by BID-dependent BAK activation. BAK activation was inhibited by BCL-$X_L$ protein but not by a mutant protein with impaired anti-apoptotic activity. With the assay system, we screened a chemical library and identified several compounds including trifluoperazine, a mitochondrial apoptosis-induced channel blocker. It inhibited BAK activation by direct binding to BAK and blocking the oligomerization of BAK.
Song, Gi-Won,Lee, Sung-Gyu,Moon, Deok-Bog,Ahn, Chul-Soo,Hwang, Shin,Kim, Ki-Hum,Ha, Tae-Yong,Jung, Dong-Hwan Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 2017 Annals of surgery Vol.266 No.1
<P>Conclusions: DG ALDLT enables us to achieve an acceptable survival outcome with 2 suboptimal grafts. However, technical complexity and longer operative time limit is its drawback.</P>
Song, Nu Ry,Kim, Jong-Eun,Park, Jun Seong,Kim, Jong Rhan,Kang, Heerim,Lee, Eunjung,Kang, Young-Gyu,Son, Joe Eun,Seo, Sang Gwon,Heo, Yong Seok,Lee, Ki Won MDPI 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.16 No.3
<P>Licorice is a traditional botanical medicine, and has historically been commonly prescribed in Asia to treat various diseases. Glycyrrhizin (Gc), a triterpene compound, is the most abundant phytochemical constituent of licorice. However, high intake or long-term consumption of Gc has been associated with a number of side effects, including hypertension. However, the presence of alternative bioactive compounds in licorice with anti-carcinogenic effects has long been suspected. Licochalcone A (LicoA) is a prominent member of the chalcone family and can be isolated from licorice root. To date, there have been no reported studies on the suppressive effect of LicoA against solar ultraviolet (sUV)-induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression and the potential molecular mechanisms involved. Here, we show that LicoA, a major chalcone compound of licorice, effectively inhibits sUV-induced COX-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 PGE<SUB>2</SUB> generation through the inhibition of activator protein 1 AP-1 transcriptional activity, with an effect that is notably more potent than Gc. Western blotting analysis shows that LicoA suppresses sUV-induced phosphorylation of Akt/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2/p90 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (RSK) in HaCaT cells. Moreover, LicoA directly suppresses the activity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)1, and B-Raf, but not Raf-1 in cell-free assays, indicating that PI3K, MEK1, and B-Raf are direct molecular targets of LicoA. We also found that LicoA binds to PI3K and B-Raf in an ATP-competitive manner, although LicoA does not appear to compete with ATP for binding with MEK1. Collectively, these results provide insight into the biological action of LicoA, which may have potential for development as a skin cancer chemopreventive agent.</P>
Song, Hannah,Yun, Su-Won,Chun, Ho-Hwan,Kim, Min-Gyu,Chung, Kyung Yoon,Kim, Hyung Sun,Cho, Byung-Won,Kim, Yong-Tae The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol.5 No.12
<P>Since one of the main drawbacks of Li<SUB>4</SUB>Ti<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> as a negative-electrode material is its low electronic conductivity, several researchers have attempted to improve the conductivity by narrowing the band gap through transition-metal doping. Herein, we report another, more significant effect of doping in addition to the band gap narrowing, namely, an anomalous decrease in the structural disorder in Li<SUB>4</SUB>Ti<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> upon Cr<SUP>3+</SUP>-ion doping. Although it is generally recognized that doping with heterogeneous elements increases the structural disorder, the Cr<SUP>3+</SUP>-ion doping in Li<SUB>4</SUB>Ti<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> demonstrated an unexpected structural phenomenon. From the results of various structural analyses using a synchrotron beam, such anomalous structural changes were revealed to originate from charge redistribution at nearby Ti<SUP>4+</SUP> ions. Finally, the capacity was markedly enhanced, especially at high <I>C</I>-rates (125 mA h g<SUP>−1</SUP> for 10<I>C</I> charge/10<I>C</I> discharge, 145 mA h g<SUP>−1</SUP> for 1<I>C</I> charge/50<I>C</I> discharge) because of both the band gap narrowing and the increased ionic diffusivity due to the decreased structural disorder, but was decreased instead for too-high doping levels.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Cr doping into Li<SUB>4</SUB>Ti<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> lattice unexpectedly led to a decrease in structural disorder and eventually a drastic capacity enhancement at high <I>C</I>-rate (125 mA h g<SUP>−1</SUP> for 10<I>C</I> charge/10<I>C</I> discharge, 145 mA h g<SUP>−1</SUP> for 1<I>C</I> charge/50<I>C</I> discharge). <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2ee22734g'> </P>
Song, Yuno,Kim, Hong-Duck,Lee, Min-Kwon,Kim, Mun Ki,Kang, Suk-Nam,Ko, Yeoung-Gyu,Won, Chung-Kil,Kim, Gon-Sup,Lee, Seung Sik,Bai, Hyoung-Woo,Chung, Byung Yeoup,Cho, Jae-Hyeon Swets Zeitlinger 2015 PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY Vol.53 No.9
<P>Context: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the abnormal accumulation of beta-amyloid (A beta). Multiple A beta-aggregated species have been identified, and neurotoxicity appears to be correlated with the amount of non-fibrillar oligomers. Potent inhibitors of A beta oligomer formation or A beta-induced cell toxicity have emerged as attractive means of therapeutic intervention. Eremochloa ophiuroide Hack. (Poaceae), also known as centipedegrass (CG), originates from China and South America and is reported to contain several C-glycosyl flavones and phenolic constituents. Objective: We investigated whether CG could suppress A beta aggregation, BACE1 activity, and toxicity at neuronal cell. Materials and methods: The inhibitory effect of CG extracts toward aggregation of A beta 42 was investigated in the absence and presence of 50 mu g/mL CG. We investigated the inhibitory effects of CG (0-5 mu g/mL) on BACE1 using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based assay. The effects of CG (0-75 mu g/mL) on A beta 42-induced neurotoxicity were examined in PC12 cells in the presence or absence of maysin and its derivatives of CG. Results: We isolated EA-CG fraction (70% MeOH fraction from EtOAc extracts) from methanol extracts of CG, which contained approximately 60% maysin and its derivatives. In the present studies, we found that several A beta oligomeric forms such as the monomer, dimer, trimer, and highly aggregated oligomeric forms were remarkably inhibited in the presence of 50 mu g/mL of EA-CG. EA-CG also inhibited BACE1 enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner. EA-CG treatment generated approximately 50% or 85% inhibition to the control at the tested concentrations of 1 or 5 mg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the neurotoxicity induced by A beta 42 was significantly reduced by treatment of EA-CG, and the 75 mu g/mL EA-CG treatment significantly increased cell viability up to 82.5%. Discussion and conclusion: These results suggested that the anti-Alzheimer's effects of CG occurred through inhibition of neuronal cell death by intervening with oligomeric A beta formation and reducing BACE1 activity. Maysin in CG could be an excellent therapeutic candidate for the prevention of AD.</P>
Won-Suk Song,Han-Gyu Park,Seong-Min Kim,Sung-Hyun Jo,Byung-Gee Kim,Ashleigh B. Theberge,Yun-Gon Kim 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.83 No.-
Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are end products of fermentation by anaerobic gut microbiota. They can beused as beneficial metabolites to regulate the host’s physiological processes. Despite their importance,SCFAs are difficult to analyze with mass spectrometric technologies due to their poor ionizationefficiency and susceptibility to water loss during ionization of low molecular weight organic acids. Here,we developed a sensitive and reliable method to quantify SCFAs by liquid chromatography tandem massspectrometry (LC–MS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. SCFAs were chemicallyderivatized by Girard’s reagent T (GT), providing a permanent cationic charge. This techniquedemonstrated an excellent quantitative capacity, showing good linearity (R2> 0.99) and limit ofquantification (femtomole levels) forfive SCFAs (i.e., acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, andcaproate). Next, we applied this derivatization method to quantitate SCFAs from a small volume of totalextracellular metabolites produced by Eubacterium rectale (E. rectale), one of main butyrate-producinggut bacteria. GT-labeled SCFAs were quantitated well in small volumes of culture medium (5, 10, 15, and20 mL), with the amount of SCFA measured being proportional to the volume of culture medium, asexpected. We also investigated plant-derived polysaccharides as prebiotics that could enhance theproduction of butyrate by E. rectale. Finally, the production of butyrate was successfully monitored in aco-culture system for E. rectale and Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) by analyzing GT-labeled butyrate. Taken together, our results suggest that this highly sensitive method would be useful for quantifyingSCFAs extracted from stool in an aqueous solution to monitor gut health.