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Michael Witek,Sung-Joon Chang 대한지질학회 2021 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
We combine linear constraints derived from ~13,000 nonlinear three-component waveform fits with ~16,000 short-period Rayleigh and Love group velocity dispersion curves measured from 3.5 years of continuous seismic ambient noise to resolve radially anisotropic structures in the crust and uppermost mantle throughout the entire East Sea. Our model shows a ring of high-velocity structures along the margins of the East Sea just below the Moho, which may be the remnants of subcontinental lithosphere (SCL) from before rifting. Along the southwestern margin of the East Sea, we find high positive radial anisotropy anomalies (VSH<SUP>2</SUP>/VSV<SUP>2</SUP>) in conjunction with high-VS SCL, indicating current deformation processes related to subduction, and represent either horizontal mantle flow or the emplacement of horizontally deformed magmatic sills. The northern margin of the East Sea shows weak to slightly negative radial anisotropy, which could be due to the presence of strongly dipping normal faults and vertical dykes created during the initiation of continental rifting. If the interpretation of remnant SCL is correct, our model supports a fan-shaped opening model of the East Sea, whereby a CCW rotation of ~54° and subsequent northward translation would reconnect the conjugate margins in the western East Sea, and CW rotation of ~50° would reconnect the conjugate margins of the eastern portion of the East Sea.
Adam Burr(Adam Burr ),Paul Harari(Paul Harari ),Aaron Wieland(Aaron Wieland ),Randall Kimple(Randall Kimple ),Gregory Hartig(Gregory Hartig ),Matthew Witek(Matthew Witek ) 대한방사선종양학회 2022 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.40 No.4
Purpose: Optimal radiotherapy treatment volumes for patients with locally advanced hypopharynx squamous cell carcinoma should ensure maximal tumor coverage with minimal inclusion of normal surrounding structures. Here we evaluated the effectiveness of a direct 3-mm high-dose gross tumor volume to planning target volume expansion on clinical outcomes for hypopharynx cancers. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with hypopharynx carcinoma treated between 2004 and 2018 with primary radiotherapy using a direct high-dose gross tumor volume to planning target volume expansion and with or without concurrent systemic therapy. Diagnostic imaging of recurrences was co-registered with the planning CT. Spatial and volumetric analyses of contoured recurrences were compared with planned isodose lines. Failures were initially defined as in field, marginal, elective nodal, and out of field. Each failure was further classified as central high-dose, peripheral high-dose, central intermediate/low-dose, peripheral intermediate/low-dose, and extraneous. Clinical outcomes were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier estimation. Results: Thirty-six patients were identified. At a median follow-up at 52.4 months, estimated 5-year overall survival was 59.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 36.3%–74.1%), 5-year local and nodal control was 71.7% (95% CI, 47.1%–86.3%) and 69.9% (95% CI, 57.0%–82.6%), respectively. The most common failure was in the high-dose primary target volume. The gastrostomy tube retention rate at 1 year among patients without recurrence was 13.0% (95% CI, 3.2%–29.7%). Conclusion: Minimal high-dose target volume expansions for hypopharynx cancers were associated with favorable locoregional control. This approach may enable therapy intensification to improve clinical outcomes.
Jackson, J.,Witek, M.,Hupert, M.,Brady, C.,Pullagurla, S.,Kamande, J.,Aufforth, R.,Tignanelli, C.,Torphy, R.,Yeh, J. Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Lab on a chip Vol.14 No.1
The need to activate thermoplastic surfaces using robust and efficient methods has been driven by the fact that replication techniques can be used to produce microfluidic devices in a high production mode and at low cost, making polymer microfluidics invaluable for in vitro diagnostics, such as circulating tumor cell (CTC) analysis, where device disposability is critical to mitigate artifacts associated with sample carryover. Modifying the surface chemistry of thermoplastic devices through activation techniques can be used to increase the wettability of the surface or to produce functional scaffolds to allow for the covalent attachment of biologics, such as antibodies for CTC recognition. Extensive surface characterization tools were used to investigate UV activation of various surfaces to produce uniform and high surface coverage of functional groups, such as carboxylic acids in microchannels of different aspect ratios. We found that the efficiency of the UV activation process is highly dependent on the microchannel aspect ratio and the identity of the thermoplastic substrate. Colorimetric assays and fluorescence imaging of UV-activated microchannels following EDC/NHS coupling of Cy3-labeled oligonucleotides indicated that UV-activation of a PMMA microchannel with an aspect ratio of similar to 3 was significantly less efficient toward the bottom of the channel compared to the upper sections. This effect was a consequence of the bulk polymer's damping of the modifying UV radiation due to absorption artifacts. In contrast, this effect was less pronounced for COC. Moreover, we observed that after thermal fusion bonding of the device's cover plate to the substrate, many of the generated functional groups buried into the bulk rendering them inaccessible. The propensity of this surface reorganization was found to be higher for PMMA compared to COC. As an example of the effects of material and microchannel aspect ratios on device functionality, thermoplastic devices for the selection of CTCs from whole blood were evaluated, which required the immobilization of monoclonal antibodies to channel walls. From our results, we concluded the CTC yield and purity of isolated CTCs were dependent on the substrate material with COC producing the highest clinical yields for CTCs as well as better purities compared to PMMA.
분할 파형 역산을 사용한 서태평양 지역 S파 속도 및 방사 이방성 구조 연구
박지훈,장성준,Michael Witek 대한자원환경지질학회 2023 자원환경지질 Vol.56 No.4
We applied the partitioned waveform inversion to 2,026 event data recorded at 173 seismic stations from the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Data Managing Center and the Ocean Hemisphere network Project to estimate S-wave velocity and radial anisotropy models beneath the Western Pacific. In the Philippine Sea plate, high-Vs anomalies reach deeper in the West Philippine basin than in the Parece-Vela basin. Low-Vs anomalies found at 80 km below the Parece-Vela basin extend deeper into the West Philippine Basin. This velocity contrast between the basins may be caused by differences in lithospheric age. Low-Vs anomalies are observed beneath the Caroline seamount chain and the Caroline plate. Overall positive radial anisotropy anomalies are observed in the Western Pacific, but negative radial anisotropy is found at > 220 km depth on the subducting plate along the Mariana trench and at ~50 km in the Parece-Vela basin. Positive radial anisotropy is found at > 200 km depth beneath the Caroline seamount chain, which may indicate the 'drag' between the plume and the moving Pacific plate. High-Vs anomalies are found at 40 ~ 180 km depth beneath the Ontong-Java plateau, which may indicate the presence of unusually thick lithosphere due to underplating of dehydrated plume material. 서태평양에 위치한 총 173개의 지진 관측소에서 획득한 2,026개의 지진 자료에 분할 파형 역산을 적용하여 서태평양 지역 맨틀 전이대 깊이까지 S파 등방성 속도 및 방사 이방성에 대한 연구를 수행했다. 그 결과 필리핀해판의 경우 페러스-벨라 분지(Parece-Vela basin)에서 고속도 이상이 30 km 깊이까지 나타나는 것에 비해 서필리핀 분지(West Philippine basin)에서 고속도 이상이 50 km 깊이까지 유지되었다. 페러스-벨라 분지 하부 약 80 km 깊이부터 나타나는 저속도 이상이 깊이가 깊어짐에 따라 서필리핀 분지로 확장되는 경향을 보였는데 이는 페러스-벨라 분지와 서필리핀 분지 사이의 연령차이에 의한 것으로 보인다. 또한 캐롤라인 해저 산열(Caroline seamount chain) 및 캐롤라인 판의 하부에서 강한 저속도 이상이 약 200 km 깊이까지 보인다. 방사 이방성 모델의 경우 서태평양에서 전반적으로 양의 이방성에 우세하게 나타났으며 페러스-벨라 분지에서 약 50 km 깊이까지, 마리아나 해구를 따라 섭입하는 태평양판의 약 220 km 깊이부터 음의 이방성이 관측되었다. 캐롤라인 해저산열 하부 약 200 km 깊이까지 강한 양의 이방성이 나타났는데 이는 해저산열을 형성한 플룸과 이동하는 태평양판 사이에 발생한 끌림(drag)에 의한 것으로 보인다. 온통-자바 해대(Ontong-Java plateau) 지역 하부에서는 40 ~ 180 km 깊이에서 고속도 이상이 발견되었으며, 이는 탈수된 플룸 물질의 부착으로 인한 비정상적으로 두꺼운 암석권의 존재를 나타낸다.