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Effects of Lexical Aspect on the Interlanguage of Ibibio ESL Learners: Later than Sooner
( Willie U. Willie ) 경희대학교 비교문화연구소 2016 비교문화연구 Vol.43 No.-
The main objective of this paper is to test the major prediction of the Aspect Hypothesis on interlanguage narratives collected from 171 Ibibio ESL learners in a classroom setting using sets of picture stories. Aspect Hypothesis predicts that lexical aspectual classes of verbs would determine the pattern of acquisition and distribution of tense-aspect morphology at the very early stages of L2 acquisition of tense-aspect verbal morphology. That is, telic verbs would be marked with the past tense-aspect verbal morphology before atelic verbs in the interlanguage of ESL learners irrespective of their L1 background. The results of our data analyses show a significant effect from the lexical aspect on the acquisition and distribution of tense-aspect morphology with chi-square statistics of (x2=196.92,df = 6, n = 1664, p = <.0001). However, the effect of the lexical aspect is shown to be more prominent among Ibibio ESL learners at higher levels of proficiency. This is contrary to the prediction regarding Aspect Hypothesis. The paper concludes that the influence of the lexical aspect on the pattern of acquisition and distribution of tense-aspect morphology may be universal but the actual point along the developmental pathway when such influence is obtainable is yet to be determined. This calls for more research into the pattern of the L2 acquisition of tense-aspect verbal morphology.
( Willie U. Willie ) 경희대학교 비교문화연구소 2014 비교문화연구 Vol.36 No.-
This is a cross-sectional study designed to analyze the correlation between the structural and social variables and the pattern of contraction and deletion of the copula verb in the speech of African American Vernacular English (AAVE) speakers in Athens in Georgia, USA using a questionnaire. The results show that the frequency of copula contraction is higher than that of deletion in all factor groups including the age of the speakers where this study found that younger speakers tend to have higher frequency of contraction and deletion of the copula than older speakers. This study analyzes this as a function of the fact that younger speakers of AAVE are conscious of the linguistic and social differences between AAVE speakers and speakers of Standard American English (SAE) and they consciously make choices regarding which norm to use at which contexts to satisfy their communicative and socio-cultural needs. This sort of conscious social behavior is not likely to disappear with age rather it might increase as a correlate of the perceived physical, socio-cultural and psychological distance between AAVE speakers and speakers of other varieties. This study shows that such perceived linguistic, socio-cultural and psychological distance has negative effects on pedagogy and I proffer the remedy.
Willy, Willy 한국건설안전협회 2009 建設 安全技術 Vol.50 No.-
1910년대부터 조성된 전주시 전통한옥은 민족정신이 생생히 살아 숨쉬는 격조 높은 문화 유적으로 연간 80만명이 즐겨찾는 전북의 명소로 자리매김하였다. 대통령 자문 '건설기술 건축문화선진화위원회'(위원장 : 김진애)에 건축환경문화로 '전주 한옥마을'을 선정된 바 있는 전주시 교동과 풍남동 일대에 위치한 '전주 한옥마을'을 소개한다.
Electroacoustic Evaluation of Smartphone-Based Hearing Aid Applications
Willy Nguyen,구미승,이준호,오승하,박무균 대한이비인후과학회 2022 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.15 No.2
Objectives. This study evaluated the electroacoustic characteristics of smartphone-based hearing aid applications (apps). Methods. We investigated hearing aid apps based on processing delay measurements, hearing instrument testing, simulated real ear measurements, and a head-and-torso simulator. Results. Many apps exceeded the recommended level for processing delay. Hearing instrument testing showed the highest amplification characteristics and the best sound quality when a hearing aid was used, followed by the high-end apps and then the low-end apps. The simulated real ear measurements results showed that the high-end apps had a better ability to match the amplification targets than the low-end apps, but there was no consistent pattern among apps when controlling the output. Only a few apps could improve the signal-to-noise ratio in the head-and-torso simulator. Conclusion. Most of the apps showed relatively poor electroacoustic performance in comparison with hearing aids. Generalizing access to hearing care through hearing aid apps induces a wide diversity of hearing performance with no fixed standard for reliability. However, we expect their overall quality to improve over the next few years.
Apuntes sobre el Sector Maquilador en México: una revisión crítica de la bibliografía
Willy W. Cortez,Mauricio Ramírez Grajeda 한국라틴아메리카학회 2008 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.21 No.3
El debate suscitado entre quienes apoyan el modelo maquilador como estrategia de desarrollo industrial y aquellos que la critican ha sido, en el mejor de los casos, un debate limitado porque ha existido poco esfuerzo por sistematizar el desempeño del sector de manera rigurosa. Tres elementos han contribuido a este debate. Primero, el uso de conceptos o categorías de manera ambigua y poco intuitiva. Segundo, la existencia de lo que algunos investigadores han denominado la falta de evidencia “generalizable” o, más bien, la existencia de evidencia poco concluyente. Tercero, el poco uso de teorías que explican no sólo la existencia del sector maquilador, sino además los cambios que éste está experimentado en los últimos años.