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White, G. R.,Ainsworth, R.,Akagi, T.,Alabau-Gonzalvo, J.,Angal-Kalinin, D.,Araki, S.,Aryshev, A.,Bai, S.,Bambade, P.,Bett, D. R.,Blair, G.,Blanch, C.,Blanco, O.,Blaskovic-Kraljevic, N.,Bolzon, B.,Boog American Physical Society 2014 Physical Review Letters Vol.112 No.3
<P>A novel scheme for the focusing of high-energy leptons in future linear colliders was proposed in 2001 [P. Raimondi and A. Seryi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3779 (2001)]. This scheme has many advantageous properties over previously studied focusing schemes, including being significantly shorter for a given energy and having a significantly better energy bandwidth. Experimental results from the ATF2 accelerator at KEK are presented that validate the operating principle of such a scheme by demonstrating the demagnification of a 1.3 GeV electron beam down to below 65 nm in height using an energy-scaled version of the compact focusing optics designed for the ILC collider.</P>
Molecular Analysis of Archaea, Bacteria and Eucarya Communities in the Rumen - Review-
White, B.A.,Cann, I.K.O.,Kocherginskaya, S.A.,Aminov, R.I.,Thill, L.A.,Mackie, R.I.,Onodera, R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.1
If rumen bacteria can be manipulated to utilize nutrients (i.e., ammonia and plant cell wall carbohydrates) more completely and efficiently, the need for protein supplementation can be reduced or eliminated and the digestion of fiber in forage or agricultural residue-based diets could be enhanced. However, these approaches require a complete and accurate description of the rumen community, as well as methods for the rapid and accurate detection of microbial density, diversity, phylogeny, and gene expression. Molecular ecology techniques based on small subunit (SSU) rRNA sequences, nucleic acid probes and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can potentially provide a complete description of the microbial ecology of the rumen of ruminant animals. The development of these molecular tools will result in greater insights into community structure and activity of gut microbial ecosystems in relation to functional interactions between different bacteria, spatial and temporal relationships between different microorganisms and between microorganisms and reed panicles. Molecular approaches based on SSU rRNA serve to evaluate the presence of specific sequences in the community and provide a link between knowledge obtained from pure cultures and the microbial populations they represent in the rumen. The successful development and application of these methods promises to provide opportunities to link distribution and identity of gastrointestinal microbes in their natural environment with their genetic potential and in situ activities. The use of approaches for assessing pupulation dynamics as well as for assessing community functionality will result in an increased understanding and a complete description of the gastrointestinal communities of production animals fed under different dietary regimes, and lead to new strategies for improving animal growth.
Ha, A.N.,Lee, S.R.,Jeon, J.S.,Park, H.S.,Lee, S.H.,Jin, J.I.,Sessions, B.R.,Wang, Z.,White, K.L.,Kong, I.K. Academic Press 2014 Cryobiology Vol.68 No.1
This study evaluated a modified plastic straw loading method for vitrification of in vitro-produced bovine blastocysts. A modified straw was used with a depressed area on its inner surface to which embryos attach. In vitro-produced blastocysts were randomly assigned into three groups: (i) blastocysts attached to the inner surface of a plastic straw (aV), (ii) blastocysts attached to the inner surface of a modified plastic straw (maV), and (iii) non-vitrified blastocysts (control). The recovery rates were not significantly different between aV and maV groups (95.8% vs. 94.3%). The post-thaw survival rate did not significantly differ between aV and maV groups (86.4% vs. 88.2%). The total cell numbers of blastocyst was higher in control than in aV and maV groups (142+/-21.8 vs. 117+/-29.7 and 120+/-25.2; P<0.05), but not significantly differ between aV and maV groups. The mRNA levels of pro-apoptosis related genes Bax and Caspase-3 were higher in aV and maV than in control (P<0.05). By contrast, the mRNA levels of anti-apoptotic genes Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 and of antioxidant-related genes MnSOD and Prdx5 were lower in aV and maV than in control (P<0.05). Confocal microscopy analysis of Golgi apparatus and mitochondria showed that the fluorescence intensity of Golgi apparatus and mitochondria was higher in control than in aV and maV groups. In conclusion, both aV and maV methods can be used to successfully vitrify IVP blastocysts, with maV method to be preferable because of its easiness in embryo loading.
First analysis of solar structures in 1.21 mm full-disc ALMA image of the Sun
Brajš,a, R.,Sudar, D.,Benz, A. O.,Skokić,, I.,Bá,rta, M.,De Pontieu, B.,Kim, S.,Kobelski, A.,Kuhar, M.,Shimojo, M.,Wedemeyer, S.,White, S.,Yagoubov, P.,Yan, Y. Springer-Verlag 2018 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.613 No.-
<P><I>Context.</I> Various solar features can be seen in emission or absorption on maps of the Sun in the millimetre and submillimetre wavelength range. The recently installed Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA) is capable of observing the Sun in that wavelength range with an unprecedented spatial, temporal and spectral resolution. To interpret solar observations with ALMA, the first important step is to compare solar ALMA maps with simultaneous images of the Sun recorded in other spectral ranges.</P><P><I>Aims.</I> The first aim of the present work is to identify different structures in the solar atmosphere seen in the optical, infrared, and EUV parts of the spectrum (quiet Sun, active regions, prominences on the disc, magnetic inversion lines, coronal holes and coronal bright points) in a full-disc solar ALMA image. The second aim is to measure the intensities (brightness temperatures) of those structures and to compare them with the corresponding quiet Sun level.</P><P><I>Methods.</I> A full-disc solar image at 1.21 mm obtained on December 18, 2015, during a CSV-EOC campaign with ALMA is calibrated and compared with full-disc solar images from the same day in H<I>α</I> line, in He I 1083 nm line core, and with various SDO images (AIA at 170 nm, 30.4 nm, 21.1 nm, 19.3 nm, and 17.1 nm and HMI magnetogram). The brightness temperatures of various structures are determined by averaging over corresponding regions of interest in the calibrated ALMA image.</P><P><I>Results.</I> Positions of the quiet Sun, active regions, prominences on the disc, magnetic inversion lines, coronal holes and coronal bright points are identified in the ALMA image. At the wavelength of 1.21 mm, active regions appear as bright areas (but sunspots are dark), while prominences on the disc and coronal holes are not discernible from the quiet Sun background, despite having slightly less intensity than surrounding quiet Sun regions. Magnetic inversion lines appear as large, elongated dark structures and coronal bright points correspond to ALMA bright points.</P><P><I>Conclusions.</I> These observational results are in general agreement with sparse earlier measurements at similar wavelengths. The identification of coronal bright points represents the most important new result. By comparing ALMA and other maps, it was found that the ALMA image was oriented properly and that the procedure of overlaying the ALMA image with other images is accurate at the 5 arcsec level. The potential of ALMA for physics of the solar chromosphere is emphasised.</P>
First Observation of Signals Due to KAERI's 10 MeV Electron Beam by Using GEM Detectors
한창희,A. P. White,이병철,조보호,B. J. Ahn,B. S. Moon,C. E. Chung,C. Y. Jung,유동선,김일곤,J. Yu,J. Li,S. H. Jung,하성용,박성태,김원정,Y. H. Han,Y. J. Ha 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.50 No.4
Performance tests of a single channel double Gas Electron multiplier (GEM) detector constructed by the Radiation Detector Development Group of Changwon National University (CNU) and a multi-channel double GEM chamber constructed by the High Energy Physics Group of the University of Texas at Arlington was carried out at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI’s) RF accelerator by using 10-MeV electron beams during May 20 - 26, 2006. In this experiment, we observed signals by both 10-MeV beam electrons and X-ray photons in the CNU single-channel double GEM chamber and in the UTA chamber by using an oscilloscope and photographed waveforms. By analyzing the chamber output signals on the oscilloscope, computing the number of X-rays photons produced by bremsstrahlung of the beam electrons in a 2-mm lead plate, calculating the angular distribution of beam electrons caused by multiple scatterings in the lead plate, and estimating the interaction probabilities of X-ray photons in the lead plate, the Ar/CO2 gases fill in the GEM chamber, and the cathode copper layer of the chamber, we were able to determine the time profile of the KAERI’s 10-MeV electron beam bunches. In addition, we were able to derive the spatial electron number density distribution with the time profile determined using the data from this experiment. This experiment is a significant accomplishment because it is the first time the time and the spatial profiles of the KAERI 10-MeV electron beam have been determined using particle detectors. Finally, we also were able to estimate the effective gain of the CNU GEM-007 chamber by analyzing the output currents measured in the chamber.
Phase equilibria and processing of infrared optical ceramics on the join CaLa2S4-La2S3
William B. White,Daniel L. Chess,Catherine A. Chess,Judith A. Marks 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2010 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.11 No.4
Processing techniques have been developed for the fabrication of optically transparent, theoretically dense CaLa2S4 – La2S3ceramics with a potential application as windows for the mid-infrared. Extreme care is needed to avoid oxygen. Best results were obtained by pre-sintering in an H2S/H2 atmosphere followed by hot-isostatic pressing. Microstructures, hardness measurements, and infrared absorption spectra serve to characterize the various processing procedures.
Earliest Intercept Geometry Guidance to Improve Mid-Course Guidance in Area Air-Defence
Shin, Hyo-Sang,Tahk, Min-Jea,Tsourdos, A.,White, B.A. The Korean Society for Aeronautical and Space Scie 2010 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.11 No.2
This paper describes a mid-course guidance strategy based on the earliest intercept geometry (EIG) guidance. An analytical solution and performance validation will be addressed for generalized mid-course guidance problems in area air-defence in order to improve reachability and performance. The EIG is generated for a wide range of possible manoeuvres of the challenging missile based on the guidance algorithm using differential geometry concepts. The main idea is that a mid-course guidance law can defend the area as long as it assures that the depending area and objects are always within the defended area defined by EIG. The velocity of Intercept Point in EIG is analytically derived to control the Intercept Geometry and the defended area. The proposed method can be applied in deciding a missile launch window and launch point for the launch phase.
Earliest Intercept Geometry Guidance to Improve Mid-Course Guidance in Area Air-Defence
Hyo-Sang Shin,Min-Jea Tahk,A. Tsourdos,B. A. White 한국항공우주학회 2010 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.11 No.2
This paper describes a mid-course guidance strategy based on the earliest intercept geometry (EIG) guidance. An analytical solution and performance validation will be addressed for generalized mid-course guidance problems in area air-defence in order to improve reachability and performance. The EIG is generated for a wide range of possible manoeuvres of the challenging missile based on the guidance algorithm using differential geometry concepts. The main idea is that a mid-course guidance law can defend the area as long as it assures that the depending area and objects are always within the defended area defined by EIG. The velocity of Intercept Point in EIG is analytically derived to control the Intercept Geometry and the defended area. The proposed method can be applied in deciding a missile launch window and launch point for the launch phase.