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미하엘베철 ( Michael Wetzel ) 연세대학교 인문학연구원 2014 人文科學 Vol.100 No.-
오늘날 책 본체가 사라져가는 세 단계를 관찰할 수 있는데, 이 세 단계는 저물어 가는 20세기에 분자의 재생산, 위장, 가상화에서 비롯된다. Post-script-단계: 이 단계는 건식 복사술, 실제로 존재하는 책들의 끝없는 복사가 지배하는 단계이다.원하는 부분을 아무 곳이나 발췌해서 텍스트 본체의 볼륨을 파편화하고, 완결된 작품으로서의 책의 통일성을 잘라 내고, 복사를 하면 할수록 점점 색이 바래질 수 밖에 없다. 새로운 상황들에 접목되고, 텍스트 골라쥬의 보충적 소개를 통해 텍스트 형상의 파괴 앞에서 조차 위축되지 않는다. Pre-script-단계: 디지털화 단계 내지 책 원고를 디스켓 버전으로 전환하는 단계이다. 컴퓨터 인식 가능한 데이터 들이 인쇄되고 제본된 책들의 물질성을 즉시 사라지게 했고, 독자로 하여금 텍스트를 원하는 대로 선택해서 출력할 수 있게 하는데, 여기서 텍스트는 개인적인 형태를 위해 모든 자유공간을 내어 준다. Pre-script-단계: 책은 실제 출판에 앞서 하이퍼텍스트로서 인터넷 검색이 가능해지고, 이로써 상호적 가변성이 가능해진다. 그럼으로써 결국 작품으로서의 통일된 텍스트가 해체된다. 책 표지의 경계만 파괴되는 것이 아니라, 혼종 인터-넷-텍스트성의 링크와 하이퍼링크가 등장하면서, 한작가의 이름으로 이미 씌어진 것의 배열에 대해 그 때까지 행해졌던 통제도 사라진다. 미래의 책은 글로벌한 문자 저장소에 연결된, 합당한 컴퓨터 용량을 가진 데이터 보유체일 것이다. 뿐만 아니라, 그 때쯤 외면, 아무도, 고전적 의미에서의 책이 사라질 것이라고 주장하지 않을 것이다. 훨씬 더 엄선된 종이와 표지들이 쿨트 대상으로서 인기를 누릴 것이다. 하지만 그런 책들은 그저 수집가들의 열정만을 만족시키게 될 것이다. 그에 반해 21세기의 책들은, 가상적 표면을 가진 가변체가 될 것이다. 텍스트적 연관 고리의 시공간적 자유공간을 향해 열린 창이 될 것이다. 또한, 그 창들 안에서 책장을 넘기는 것이 아니라, 다만 클릭을 할 수 있을 뿐이다.
Functional Microcantilever for a Novel Scanning Force Microscope
이동원,Adrian Wetzel,Ernst Meyer 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.52 No.5
This paper presents a novel scanning probe microscope that is combined with a time-of- ight mass spectrometer for analyzing material properties of solid surfaces. Chemical analysis on the nanometer scale is achieved by transferring material from surfaces via the probing tip to the mass spectrometer under an ultrahigh vacuum condition. The instrument based on a rotatable probe holder or an actuator-integrated microcantilever allows quasi-simultaneous topographical and chemical analyses of solid surfaces to be performed in the same way as with the conventional scanning probe technique. The basic characteristics of the instrument are evaluated using the motorized rotatable probe holder and electrochemically etched tungsten tips. A Further increase of the switching speed between the scanning probe and mass analysis operation is realized by using the functional microcantilever, instead of a motorized rotatable holder.
FIRE-2 simulations: physics versus numerics in galaxy formation
Hopkins, Philip F,Wetzel, Andrew,Kereš,, Duš,an,Faucher-Giguè,re, Claude-André,Quataert, Eliot,Boylan-Kolchin, Michael,Murray, Norman,Hayward, Christopher C,Garrison-Kimmel, Shea Oxford University Press 2018 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.480 No.1
Miroslav Glasa,Lukáš Predajňa,Katarína Šoltys,Nina Sihelská,Alžbeta Nagyová,Thierry Wetzel,Sead Sabanadzovic 한국식물병리학회 2017 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.33 No.1
Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus(GRSPaV) is a worldwide-distributed pathogen ingrapevines with a high genetic variability. Our studyrevealed differences in the complexity of GRSPaVpopulation in a single host. A single-variant GRSPaVinfection was detected from the SK30 grapevine plant. On the contrary, SK704 grapevine was infected bythree different GRSPaV variants. Variant-specific RTPCRdetection protocols have been developed in thiswork to study distribution of the three different variantsin the same plant during the season. This studyshowed their randomized distribution in the infectedSK704 grapevine plant. Comparative analysis of fulllengthgenome sequences of four Slovak GRSPaVisolates determined in this work and 14 database sequencesshowed that population of the virus clusterinto four major phylogenetic lineages. Moreover, ouranalyses suggest that genetic recombination along withpoint mutations could play a significant role in shapingevolutionary history of GRSPaV and contributedto its extant genetic diversification.
Glasa, Miroslav,Predajna, Lukas,Soltys, Katarina,Sihelska, Nina,Nagyova, Alzbeta,Wetzel, Thierry,Sabanadzovic, Sead The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2017 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.33 No.1
Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) is a worldwide-distributed pathogen in grapevines with a high genetic variability. Our study revealed differences in the complexity of GRSPaV population in a single host. A single-variant GRSPaV infection was detected from the SK30 grapevine plant. On the contrary, SK704 grapevine was infected by three different GRSPaV variants. Variant-specific RT-PCR detection protocols have been developed in this work to study distribution of the three different variants in the same plant during the season. This study showed their randomized distribution in the infected SK704 grapevine plant. Comparative analysis of full-length genome sequences of four Slovak GRSPaV isolates determined in this work and 14 database sequences showed that population of the virus cluster into four major phylogenetic lineages. Moreover, our analyses suggest that genetic recombination along with point mutations could play a significant role in shaping evolutionary history of GRSPaV and contributed to its extant genetic diversification.
Whole-brain serial-section electron microscopy in larval zebrafish
Hildebrand, David Grant Colburn,Cicconet, Marcelo,Torres, Russel Miguel,Choi, Woohyuk,Quan, Tran Minh,Moon, Jungmin,Wetzel, Arthur Willis,Scott Champion, Andrew,Graham, Brett Jesse,Randlett, Owen,Plum Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2017 Nature Vol.545 No.7654
<P>High-resolution serial-section electron microscopy (ssEM) makes it possible to investigate the dense meshwork of axons, dendrites, and synapses that form neuronal circuits(1). However, the imaging scale required to comprehensively reconstruct these structures is more than ten orders of magnitude smaller than the spatial extents occupied by networks of interconnected neurons(2), some of which span nearly the entire brain. Difficulties in generating and handling data for large volumes at nanoscale resolution have thus restricted vertebrate studies to fragments of circuits. These efforts were recently transformed by advances in computing, sample handling, and imaging techniques(1), but high-resolution examination of entire brains remains a challenge. Here, we present ssEM data for the complete brain of a larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) at 5.5 days post-fertilization. Our approach utilizes multiple rounds of targeted imaging at different scales to reduce acquisition time and data management requirements. The resulting dataset can be analysed to reconstruct neuronal processes, permitting us to survey all myelinated axons (the projectome). These reconstructions enable precise investigations of neuronal morphology, which reveal remarkable bilateral symmetry in myelinated reticulospinal and lateral line afferent axons. We further set the stage for whole-brain structure-function comparisons by co-registering functional reference atlases and in vivo two-photon fluorescence microscopy data from the same specimen. All obtained images and reconstructions are provided as an open-access resource.</P>