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Claudia Velasquez,Juan Sebastian Vasquez,Norman Balcazar 대한당뇨병학회 2017 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.41 No.4
Background: The increase in circulating free fatty acid (FFA) levels is a major factor that induces malfunction in pancreatic β-cells. We evaluated the effect of FFAs reconstituted according to the profile of circulating fatty acids found in obese adolescents on the viability and function of the murine insulinoma cell line (mouse insulinoma [MIN6]). Methods: From fatty acids obtained commercially, plasma-FFA profiles of three different youth populations were reconstituted: obese with metabolic syndrome; obese without metabolic syndrome; and normal weight without metabolic syndrome. MIN6 cells were treated for 24 or 48 hours with the three FFA profiles, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, cell viability, mitochondrial function and antioxidant activity were evaluated. Results: The high FFA content and high polyunsaturated ω6/ω3 ratio, present in plasma of obese adolescents with metabolic syndrome had a toxic effect on MIN6 cell viability and function, increasing oxidative stress and decreasing glucose-dependent insulin secretion. Conclusion: These results could help to guide nutritional management of obese young individuals, encouraging the increase of ω-3-rich food consumption in order to reduce the likelihood of deterioration of β-cells and the possible development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
RAVEN Eyes Around the Instrument from Modular Axis Sharing
Carlos A. Velasquez,김윤상,Thomas S. Lendvay,Blake Hannaford,W. Jong Yoon 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2019 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.17 No.2
One of the current limitations in MIS robotic surgery is the limited field of view due to the use of asole rigid 3D-imaging camera. This study proposes a modular 2D flexible imaging probe that can be integratedto the teleoperated surgical robot, RAVEN, in order to provide visual access in real time to occluded surgicaltargets. The probe proposed in this work guides a state-of-the-art scanning fiber endoscope SFE with minimalactuation. It is based on a modular axis-shared conception that avoids interruptions in the surgical flow to connector exchange the device. The viewpoint from the probe is adjusted by a surgeon from the robot master consolewith independent actuation, sensing and control from the robot system. A 2-Hz oscillating mock-up model of theabdominal cavity containing several points of interest occluded for the central camera is used to test the capabilitiesof the probe. Results show how the totality of these interest points are visualized using the flexible probe to improvethe information at the surgeon site. Motion compensation with image stabilization techniques are incorporated toimprove unfocused and blurred images as well as to maintain the field of view for the target during the manipulation. The experimental results in this case were compared to those of one of the conventional software solutions, andprovided 45.9% less maximum error than the conventional software during the simple surgical procedure.
Comparative study of some analytical methods to quantify lignin concentration in tropical grasses
Alejandro V. Velasquez,Cristian M.M.R. Martins,Pedro Pacheco,Romualdo S. Fukushima 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.11
Objective: Lignin plays a relevant role in the inhibition of cell wall (CW) structural carbohydrate degradation. Thus, obtaining accurate estimates of the lignin content in tropical plants is important in order to properly characterize the mechanism of lignin action on CW degradation. Comparing conflicting results between the different methods available for commercial use will bring insight on the subject. This way, providing data to better understand the relationship between lignin concentration and implications with tropical forage degradation. Methods: Five grass species, Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandú, Brachiaria brizantha cv Xaraés (MG-5), Panicum maximum cv Mombaça, Pennisetum purpureum cv Cameroon, and Pennisetum purpureum cv Napier, were harvested at five maturity stages. Acid detergent lignin (ADL), Klason lignin (KL), acetyl bromide lignin (ABL), and permanganate lignin (PerL) were measured on all species. Lignin concentration was correlated with in vitro degradability. Results: Highly significant effects for maturity, lignin method and their interaction on lignin content were observed. The ADL, KL and ABL methods had similar negative correlations with degradability. The PerL method failed to reliably estimate the degradability of tropical grasses, possibly due to interference of other substances potentially soluble in the KMnO4 solution. Conclusion: ADL and KL methods use strong acid (H2SO4) and require determination of ash and N content in the lignin residues, therefore, increasing time and cost of analysis. The ABL method has no need for such corrections and is a fast and a convenient method for determination of total lignin content in plants, thus, it may be a good option for routine laboratory analysis.
What determines international tourist arrivals to Peru? A gravity approach
Maritza Elizabeth Bermeo Velasquez,오진환 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2013 International Area Studies Review Vol.16 No.4
Using the gravity model, this study examines Peru’s tourism patterns by analyzing a panel dataset of the country’s international tourism flows from 59 countries over 22 years (1990–2011). The empirical results for the entire dataset are consistent with the general prediction of the gravity model (positive coefficients for economic size and negative coefficients for distance). Peru mainly has potential to expand tourism flows from E uropean countries like Portugal, Belgium,Russia, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy, Germany and France. Although Peru offers no visa requirements for such countries, this policy seems to not be sufficient to increase tourism flows from them. Further collaboration between Peru and its neighboring countries in providing coordinated investment in transport infrastructure is necessary to create economies of scale that allow benefits from the cluster effect.
( Hernandez Alejandra ),( Olga Velasquez ),( Felice Leonardi ),( Carlos Soto ),( Alexander Rodriguez ),( Lina Lizaraso ),( Angela Mosquera ),( Jorge Bohorquez ),( Alejandra Coronado ),( Angela Espejo 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.5
The production and characterization of an active recombinant N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS) in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) has been previously reported. In this study, the effect of the signal peptide (SP), inducer concentration, process scale, and operational mode (batch and semi-continuous) on GALNS production were evaluated. When native SP was presented, higher enzyme activity levels were observed in both soluble and inclusion bodies fractions, and its removal had a significant impact on enzyme activation. At shake scale, the optimal IPTG concentrations were 0.5 and 1.5 mM for the strains with and without SP, respectively, whereas at bench scale, the highest enzyme activities were observed with 1.5 mM IPTG for both strains. Noteworthy, enzyme activity in the culture media was only detected when SP was presented and the culture was carried out under semi-continuous mode. We showed for the first time that the mechanism that in prokaryotes recognizes the SP to mediate sulfatase activation can also recognize a eukaryotic SP, favoring the activation of the enzyme, and could also favor the secretion of the recombinant protein. These results offer significant information for scaling-up the production of human sulfatases in E. coli.
Surgical management of the cases with both biliary and duodenal obstruction
Yoshihiro Miyasaka,Takao Ohtsuka,Vittoria Vanessa Velasquez,Yasuhisa Mori,Kohei Nakata,Masafumi Nakamura 소화기인터벤션의학회 2018 International journal of gastrointestinal interven Vol.7 No.2
Endoscopic management is presently the recommended first-line of treatment for biliary strictures. However, surgery still has an important role especially for biliary obstruction (BO) with duodenal obstruction. Even though endoscopic treatment for concurrent BO and gastric-outlet obstruction has been proposed, it is still not widespread. Duodenal obstruction is often associated with malignant BO which makes endoscopic treatment more challenging. Biliary and gastrointestinal double bypass with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy and gastrojejunostomy is the most common surgical intervention for malignant biliary and gastric-outlet obstruction. A variety of procedures of biliary bypass and gastrointestinal bypass have been reported. According to several studies, mortality rates range from 0% to 7%, while morbidity rates range from 3% to 50%. Higher morbidity was observed in symptomatic patients caused by the disease. Most common morbidity after double bypass was delayed gastric emptying. Recurrence of BO and gastric-outlet obstruction was less frequently seen after surgical bypass compared to after endoscopic treatment. Minimally invasive approach has been applied to double bypass. Studies showed that laparoscopic double bypass has a shorter hospital stay and reduced postoperative pain; however, due to its technical demand, it is still presently an uncommon procedure. Robotic bypass surgery may resolve this issue in the future. Further analyses of outcomes of both surgical and endoscopic treatments are necessary to establish better and suitable palliation options for concurrent biliary and duodenal obstruction caused by unresectable malignant tumors.
Surgical management of the cases with both biliary and duodenal obstruction
Yoshihiro Miyasaka,Takao Ohtsuka,Vittoria Vanessa Velasquez,Yasuhisa Mori,Kohei Nakata,Masafumi Nakamura 소화기인터벤션의학회 2018 Gastrointestinal Intervention Vol.7 No.2
Endoscopic management is presently the recommended first-line of treatment for biliary strictures. However, surgery still has an important role especially for biliary obstruction (BO) with duodenal obstruction. Even though endoscopic treatment for concurrent BO and gastric-outlet obstruction has been proposed, it is still not widespread. Duodenal obstruction is often associated with malignant BO which makes endoscopic treatment more challenging. Biliary and gastrointestinal double bypass with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy and gastrojejunostomy is the most common surgical intervention for malignant biliary and gastric-outlet obstruction. A variety of procedures of biliary bypass and gastrointestinal bypass have been reported. According to several studies, mortality rates range from 0% to 7%, while morbidity rates range from 3% to 50%. Higher morbidity was observed in symptomatic patients caused by the disease. Most common morbidity after double bypass was delayed gastric emptying. Recurrence of BO and gastric-outlet obstruction was less frequently seen after surgical bypass compared to after endoscopic treatment. Minimally invasive approach has been applied to double bypass. Studies showed that laparoscopic double bypass has a shorter hospital stay and reduced postoperative pain; however, due to its technical demand, it is still presently an uncommon procedure. Robotic bypass surgery may resolve this issue in the future. Further analyses of outcomes of both surgical and endoscopic treatments are necessary to establish better and suitable palliation options for concurrent biliary and duodenal obstruction caused by unresectable malignant tumors.