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Orexin and Alzheimer’s Disease: A New Perspective
Um Yoo Hyun,Lim Hyun Kook 대한신경정신의학회 2020 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.17 No.7
Orexin’s role in human cognition has recently been emphasized and emerging evidences indicate its close relationship with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This review aimed to demonstrate recent research on the relationship between orexin and AD. Orexin’s role in stress regulation and memory is discussed, with significant findings related to sexual disparities in stress response, with potential clinical implications pertaining to AD pathology. There are controversies regarding the orexin levels in AD patients, but the role of orexin in the trajectory of AD is still emphasized in recent literatures. Orexin is also accentuated in the context of tau pathology, and orexin as a potential therapeutic target for AD is frequently discussed. Future directions with regard to the relationship between orexin and AD are suggested: 1) consideration for AD trajectory in the measurement of orexin levels, 2) the need for objective measure such as polysomnography and actigraphy, 3) the need for close observation of cognitive profiles of orexin-deficient narcolepsy patients, 4) the need for validation studies by neuroimaging 5) the need for taking account sexual disparities in orexinergic activiation, and 6) consideration for orexin’s role as a stress regulator. The aforementioned new perspectives could help unravel the relationship between orexin and AD.
Yoo Hyun Um,Sheng-Min Wang,Kyung-do Han,Nak-Young Kim,Dong Woo Kang,Hae-Ran Na,Chang Uk Lee,Hyun Kook Lim 대한신경정신의학회 2020 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.17 No.8
Objective We aimed to explore the differential impact of cigarette smoking on fracture risks in SCD and dementia. Methods A nationwide population-based cohort study design was used. Out of all the people aged 66 (n=1,555,103) who went through the National Screening Program from 2009-2014, 968,240 participants with eligible data were included in the study. Time-to-event was calculated as the duration between the NSPTA and fracture incidence. Cox proportional-hazard regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the risk of fractures. Results Increased risk of all [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR)=1.184; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.184, 1.093-1.283], hip (aHR=1.518; 95% CI=1.168-4.972), vertebral (aHR=1.235; 95% CI=1.101-1.386) fractures were increased in current smokers with more than 20 or more pack years (≥20 py) of SCD group, after adjusting for all relevant confounding factors. In dementia group, however, current smokers ≥20 py were at reduced risk of hip fractures (aHR=0.249; 95% CI=0.089-0.97). Conclusion There was a disparate influence of cigarette smoking on the fracture risks in SCD and dementia group. Further studies are warranted to explicate this phenomenon, and personalized preventive measures according to one’s cognitive status are imperative, since risk factors of fractures can exert disparate influence on patients at different stage of cognitive trajectory.
Yoo Hyun Um,홍승철,정종현 대한정신약물학회 2017 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.15 No.1
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is notorious for its debilitating consequences and early age of onset. The need for early diagnosis and intervention has frequently been underscored. Previous studies have attempted to clarify the bidirectional relationship between ADHD and sleep problems, proposing a potential role for sleep problems as early predictors of ADHD. Sleep deprivation, sleep-disordered breathing, and circadian rhythm disturbances have been extensively studied, yielding evidence with regard to their induction of ADHD-like symptoms. Genetic-phenotypic differences across individuals regarding the aforementioned sleep problems have been elucidated along with the possible use of these characteristics for early prediction of ADHD. The long-term consequences of sleep problems in individuals with ADHD include obesity, poor academic performance, and disrupted parent-child interactions. Early intervention has been proposed as an approach to preventing these debilitating outcomes of ADHD, with novel treatment approaches ranging from melatonin and light therapy to myofunctional therapy and adjustments of the time point at which school starts.
Um Yoo Hyun,Wang Sheng-Min,Kim Nak-Young,Kang Dong Woo,Na Hae-Ran,Lee Chang Uk,Lim Hyun Kook 대한신경정신의학회 2020 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.17 No.6
Objective We aimed to explore the impact of moderate intensity exercise on the cortical thickness and subcortical volumes of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients.Methods Sixty-three preclinical AD patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 18-florbetaben positron emission tomography (PET) data were enrolled in the study. Information on demographic characteristics, cognitive battery scores, self-reported exercise habits were attained. Structural magnetic resonance images were analyzed and processed using Freesurfer v6.0.Results Compared to Exercise group, Non-Exercise group demonstrated reduced cortical thickness in left parstriangularis, rostral middle frontal, entorhinal, superior frontal, lingual, superior parietal, lateral occipital, inferior parietal gyrus, temporal pole, precuneus, insula, fusiform gyrus, right precuneus, superiorparietal, lateral orbitofrontal, rostral middle frontal, medial orbitofrontal, superior frontal, lingual, middle temporal gyrus, insula, supramarginal, parahippocampal, paracentral gyrus. Volumes of right thalamus, caudate, putamen, pallidum, hippocampus, amygdala were also reduced in Non-Exercise group.Conclusion Moderate intensity exercise affects cortical and subcortical structures in preclinical AD patients. Thus, physical exercise has a potential to be an effective intervention to prevent future cognitive decline in those at high risk of AD.
Yoo Ji-Min,Kim Sung-Min,Um Yoo-Hyun,Kim Tae-Won,서호준,홍승철,Jeong Jong-Hyun 대한우울조울병학회 2021 우울조울병 Vol.19 No.2
Background: This study aimed to assess the clinical characteristics of patients with major depressive disorder who were rehospitalized within 1 year and to determine whether the 1-year rehospitalization rate varied depending on the type of medication and treatment method. Methods: Clinical characteristics of 531 patients hospitalized for major depressive disorder were assessed. The use and type of antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and hypnotics were also evaluated. Results: Of the 531 subjects, 68 (12.8%) were rehospitalized within a year. The number of past depressive episodes (1.56±2.67 vs. 0.90±1.18) (p=0.048) and the number of previous psychiatric hospitalizations (0.82±1.93 vs. 0.29±0.83 times) (p=0.029) were high in the 1-year rehospitalization group. The rate of family history of mood disorder (25.0% vs. 13.6%) (p=0.014) and the rate of comorbid personality disorder (16.2% vs. 8.6%) (p=0.049) were also high in the 1-year rehospitalization group. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the number of previous psychiatric hospitalizations affected the rate of 1-year rehospitalization (p=0.003). Conclusion: The number of previous psychiatric hospitalizations could be used to predict rehospitalizations of patients with major depressive disorder within 1 year. In addition, family history of mood disorders and comorbidity of personality disorders may affect rehospitalization of such patients
Nocturia and Sleep: Focus on Common Comorbidities and Their Association with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Um Yoo Hyun,Oh Ji-Hye,Kim Tae Won,서호준,Kim Sung-Min,Chung Jun-Soo,Jeong Jong-Hyun,Hong Seung-Chul 대한수면학회 2020 sleep medicine research Vol.11 No.2
Nocturia is a frequently encountered complaint in patients visiting sleep clinics. Nocturia and its detrimental effect on sleep continuity and quality have been frequently discussed in previous studies. Moreover, abundant research has been conducted to delineate the close relationship between nocturia and the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In this review, we discuss the common comorbidities that can provoke nocturia and their relationship with OSA and sleep.
Parkin Directly Modulates 26S Proteasome Activity.
Um, Ji Won,Im, Eunju,Lee, Hyun Jung,Min, Boram,Yoo, Lang,Yoo, Jiho,Lü,bbert, Hermann,Stichel-Gunkel, Christine,Cho, Hyun-Soo,Yoon, Jong Bok,Chung, Kwang Chul The Society 2010 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.30 No.35
<P>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease that involves the deterioration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Although the etiology of PD remains poorly understood, recent genetic, postmortem, and experimental evidence shows that abnormal protein accumulation and subsequent aggregate formation are prominent features of both sporadic and familial PD. While proteasome dysfunction is observed in PD, diverse mutations in the parkin gene are linked to early-onset autosomal-recessive forms of familial PD. We demonstrate that parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, activates the 26S proteasome in an E3 ligase activity-independent manner. Furthermore, an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain within parkin is critical for the activation of the 26S proteasome through enhancing the interaction between 19S proteasomal subunits, whereas the PD-linked R42P mutant abolishes this action. The current findings point to a novel role for parkin for 26S proteasome assembly and suggest that parkin mutations contribute to the proteasomal dysfunction in PD.</P>
Dietary Fat Intake and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults
Yoo-Jin Um,Seung-Won Oh,Cheol-Min Lee,Hyuk-Tae Kwon,Hee-Kyung Joh,Young-Ju Kim,Hyun-Joo Kim,Sang-Hyun Ahn 대한가정의학회 2015 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.36 No.5
Background: The effect of dietary fat intake on the risk of cardiovascular disease remains unclear. We investigated the association between dietary fat and specific types of fat intake and the risk of metabolic syndrome. Methods: The study population included 1,662 healthy adults who were 50.2 years of age and had no known hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, or metabolic syndrome at the initial visit. Dietary intake was obtained from a 1-day food record. During 20.7 months of follow-up, we documented 147 cases of metabolic syndrome confirmed by self-report, anthropometric data, and blood test results. The intakes of total fat, vegetable fat, animal fat, saturated fatty acid (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and cholesterol level divided by quintile. Multivariate analyses included age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, total calorie, and protein intake. Results: Vegetable fat intake was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome risk (odds ratio for the highest vs. the lowest quintile, 0.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.14 to 0.76). Total fat, animal fat, SFA, PUFA, MUFA, and cholesterol intakes showed no association with metabolic syndrome. Vegetable fat intake was inversely associated with the risk of hypertriglyceridemia among the components of metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: These data support an inverse association between vegetable fat and the risk of metabolic syndrome.