Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Disease and Cancer: A Review

Gupta, Rakesh Kumar,Patel, Amit Kumar,Shah, Niranjan,Choudhary, Arun Kumar,Jha, Uday Kant,Yadav, Uday Chandra,Gupta, Pavan Kumar,Pakuwal, Uttam Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.11

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), highly reactive molecules, are produced by living organisms as a result of normal cellular metabolism and environmental factors, and can damage nucleic acids and proteins, thereby altering their functions. The human body has several mechanisms to counteract oxidative stress by producing antioxidants. A shift in the balance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of oxidants is termed as "oxidative stress". Paradoxically, there is a large body of research demonstrating the general effect of oxidative stress on signaling pathways, less is known about the initial and direct regulation of signaling molecules by ROS, or what we term the "oxidative interface." This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms through which ROS directly interact with critical signaling molecules to initiate signaling in a broad variety of cellular processes, such as proliferation and survival (MAP kinases and PI3 kinase), ROS homeostasis, and antioxidant gene regulation (Ref-1 and Nrf-2). This review also deals with classification as well as mechanisms of formation of free radicals, examining their beneficial and deleterious effects on cellular activities and focusing on the potential role of antioxidants in preventing and repairing damage caused by oxidative stress. A discussion of the role of phytochemical antioxidants in oxidative stress, disease and the epigenome is included.

Assessment of environmental flows using hydrological methods for Krishna River, India

Uday Kumar, A.,Jayakumar, K.V. Techno-Press 2018 Advances in environmental research Vol.7 No.3

Krishna River is significantly affected due to Srisailam dam from past 30 years. The impact of this hydraulic structure drastically reduced the minimum flow regime on the downstream, which made the river nearing to decaying stage. In the present paper, Environmental Flow called minimum flow values released for the dam are estimated with the help of three hydrological methods viz., Range of variability Approach (RVA), Desktop Reserve Model (DRM), and Global Environmental Flow Calculator (GEFC). DRM method suggested considering the intermediate values obtained from among the three methods to preserve the ecosystem on the downstream of the river, which amounts to an average annual allocation of 9378 Million Cubic Meter (MCM) which is equal to 23.11% of mean annual flow (MAF). In this regard GEFC and RVA methods accounted for 22% and 31.04% of MAF respectively. The results indicate that current reservoir operation policy is causing a severe hydrological alteration in the high flow season especially in the month of July. The study concluded that in the case of non-availability of environmental information, hydrological indicators can be used to provide the basic assessment of environmental flow requirements. It is inferred from the results obtained from the study, that the new reservoir operations can fulfil human water needs without disturbing Environmental Flow Requirements.

JNM : Original Article ; Defecation Frequency and Stool Form in a Coastal Eastern Indian Population

( Manas Kumar Panigrahi ),( Sanjib Kumar Kar ),( Shivaram Prasad Singh ),( Uday C Ghoshal ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2013 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.19 No.3

Background/Aims Data on normal stool form and frequency, which are important for defining constipation, are scanty; hence, we studied these in an eastern Indian population. Methods One thousand and two hundred apparently healthy asymptomatic subjects were evaluated for predominant stool form (Bristol chart with descriptor) and frequency. Data on demographic and life-style (diet and physical activity) were collected. Results Of 1,200 subjects (age 42 ± 14.5 years, 711, 59% male), most passed predominantly Bristol type IV stool (699 [58.2%]; other forms were: type I (23 [1.9%]), type II (38 [3.2%]), type III (99 [8.2%]), type V (73 [6%]), type VI (177 [14.7%]), type VII (7 [0.6%]) and an irregular combination (84 [7%]). Weekly stool frequency was 12.1 ± 4.7 (median 14, range 2-42). Less than 3 stools/week was noted in 32/1,200 (2.6%). Female subjects (n = 489) passed stools less frequently than males (n = 711) (11.1 ± 5.6/week vs. 12.8 ± 3.8/week, P< 0.001) and tended to pass harder forms (type I: 17, type II: 20, type III: 39 vs. 6, 18 and 60, respectively, P = 0.061). Vegetarians (n = 252) and physically active (n = 379) subjects tended to pass stool more frequently than occasional (n = 553) and regular non-vegetarian (n = 395) (11.8 ± 4.5 and 12.8 ± 4.7 vs. 11.3 ± 4.7; P < 0.05) and sedentary (n = 464) and intermediately active (n = 357) subjects (13.4 ± 4.0 and 12.3 ± 4.5 vs. 10.9 ± 5.1, P = 0.080) in different age groups, respectively. Older age was associated with less frequent stool, particularly among female population. Female gender and age > 35 years were significant on multivariate analysis. Conclusions Median stool frequency in the studied population was 14/week (range 2-42) and predominant form was Bristol type IV. Older age was associated with lesser stool frequency, particularly among female subjects. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013; 19:374-380)

Tree Diversity, Population Structure, Regeneration and Conservation Status in Sacred Groves of Jhargram District, South-West Bengal, India

Sen, Uday Kumar,Bhakat, Ram Kumar Institute of Forest Science 2021 Journal of Forest Science Vol.37 No.3

Sacred groves are large areas of virgin or human-modified landscape with a diverse range of species that have been protected by local people for centuries due to cultural, religious beliefs, and taboo that the deities live in them and protect the villagers from various calamities. The present study was carried out for quantitative analysis of diversity, population structure, regeneration and conservation status of tree species in the four 36.86 ha sacred groves of Jhargram district in West Bengal. Tree species composition, population structure and regeneration status were analyzed by randomly establishing of 1 ha subplots within the sacred groves. Density, frequency, basal area, abundance, evenness, and other diversity indices were calculated for adult trees with girth at breast height (GBH) >31 cm. A total of 146 tree species belonging to 116 genera distributed in 44 families from 21 orders were recorded. Pterospermum suberifolium, family Malvaceae showed the highest Species Importance Value Index (SIVI, 21.33) and Fabaceae showed the highest Family Importance Value Index (FIVI, 35.59) values respectively. Individuals are categorised into three groups, seedling, sapling and adult based on girth classes. The majority of tree species exhibited good (52.74%) regeneration followed by fairly (24.66%), poor (15.75%) and no regeneration (6.85%) respectively. With the healthy existence of the sacred grove, the overall population structure of tree species showed a strong regeneration potential. The current data will be useful in determining the current status of tree species and will be used by the forest department, politicians, and conservationists to establish management plans for the conservation of priority species in the region. Since the study areas were sacred groves, tribal members were keen to preserve them due to their religious significance.

Experimental investigation of pug cutter embedded TIG welding of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy

Deepak Kumar Gope,Uday Kumar,Somnath Chattopadhyaya,Sanjoy Mandal 대한기계학회 2018 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.32 No.6

Light-weight materials, such as titanium alloy, have been extensively investigated. This paper primarily focuses on microstructural, metallurgical, and mechanical properties of the pug cutter embedded tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy. In this work, TIG welding was modified to control the speed and the arc length. Analysis revealed that the microstructure underwent severe changes at different zones: coarsened in the fusion zone (FZ) and enlarged in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). The microstructure was finer at the base metal than those in the FZ and the HAZ, and the Vickers hardness values decreased from weld center line to the base metal. Tensile test showed that the specimen with low current and high speed was broken below its ultimate tensile strength, whereas most of the samples were broken at the base metal region that had a similar strength to that of the parent metal. The elongation of the metal was primarily affected by the heat input. A high volume of heat increased the hardness and the brittleness, resulting in low ductility.

A Computational Intelligence Method for Effective Diagnosis of Heart Disease using Genetic Algorithm

P. Siva Kumar,D. Anand,V. Uday Kumar,Debnath Bhattacharyya 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Techn Vol.8 No.2

In recent years improvement of new and effective medical domain applications has vital role in research. Computational Intelligence Systems (CIS) has profound influence in the enlargement of these effective medical field applications and tools. One of the prevalent diseases that world facing is heart disease. The Computational Intelligence Systems uses input clinical data from different knowledge resources throughout the world and applies this data on different computational intelligence tools that uses sophisticated algorithms. The sophisticated algorithms plays prominent role in the construction of medical clinical analysis tools. These tools may be used as an extra aid for the clinical diagnosis of the diseases for the doctors and clinicians. In this paper a novel method for the diagnosis of heart disease has been proposed using Genetic Algorithms. In this approach an effective association rules are inferred using Genetic Algorithm approach which uses tournament selection, crossover, mutation and new proposed fitness function. The Cleaveland data set is used for the experimentation. This data set is collected from the UCI machine learning repository experimental results are prominent when compared with some of the supervised learning techniques.

Fuzzy Location Algorithm for Cross-Country and Evolving Faults in EHV Transmission Line

A. Naresh Kumar,M. Chakravarthy,M. Suresh Kumar,M. Nagaraju,M. Ramesha,Bharathi Gururaj,Elemasetty Uday Kiran 한국지능시스템학회 2023 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.23 No.2

Fault protection is an important issue as it adversely affects the performance of conventional relays, particularly for cross-country and evolving faults in transmission lines. In this paper, a novel fault location algorithm for cross-country and evolving faults in extra high voltage transmission (EHVT) line using the fuzzy expert system (FES) is presented. The algorithm is based on the impedance values of relaying terminal fundamental component. In addition, the proposed FES is independent of communication links. It was designed using input variables via the IF-THEN rules and developed with the fuzzy MAMDANI structure. A triangular membership function was used to estimate the degree of inputs. MATLAB software was used to evaluate the error in the fault location for a 100-km, 400-kV, 50-Hz EHVT line. The FES algorithm yielded precise values. The test results were independent of the fault inception time, location, and type. The experimental results illustrate that the FES performed better than the other algorithms.

Frequency of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Chronic Non-Specific Diarrhea

( Uday C. Ghoshal ),( Sunil Kumar ),( Mansi Mehrotra ),( Lakshmi CP ),( Asha Misra ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2010 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.16 No.1

Introduction: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) occurs in varying frequency in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We studied the frequency of SIBO in IBS and chronic non-specific diarrhea (CNSD). Methods: 129 patients with IBS (Manning`s criteria), 73 with CNSD ( 4 weeks diarrhea with two of these tests normal [urine D-xylose, fecal fat and duodenal biopsy]) and 51 healthy controls (HC) were evaluated for SIBO using glucose hydrogen breath test (GHBT). Diarrhea-predominant IBS (D-IBS) was grouped into CNSD. Rise in breath hydrogen 12 ppm above basal following 100g glucose was diagnostic of SIBO. Results: Of 129 patients with IBS, 7 were constipation (C-IBS), and 122 were of indeterminate type (I-IBS). Patients with IBS were younger than HC and CNSD (IBS vs. HC: 36.6 yr ± 11.4 vs. 44.1 yr ± 13.6, p = 0.001; IBS vs. CNSD: 36.6 yr ± 11.4 vs. 42 yr ± 14.5, p = 0.003). Patients with CNSD were comparable to HC in age (42 yr ± 14.5 vs. 44.1 yr ± 13.6, p = ns). Patients with IBS were more often male than HC [108/129 (83.7%) vs. 34/51 (66.7%) p = 0.02]; gender of CNSD and HC was com -parable [male 39/73 (53.4%) vs. 34/51 (66.7%) p = ns]. SIBO was commoner in CNSD than HC [16 (21.9%) vs. 1 (2%), p =0.003], but was comparable in IBS and HC [11 (8.5%) vs. 1 (2%), p = 0.18]. Patients with CNSD more often had SIBO than IBS [16 (21.9%) vs. 11 (8.5%), p = 0.007]. Conclusions: SIBO was more common in CNSD including D-IBS than other types of IBS and HC.(J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2010;16:40-46)

Refunctionalization of Decellularized Organ Scaffold of Pancreas by Recellularization: Whole Organ Regeneration into Functional Pancreas

Uday Chandrika K.,Tripathi Rekha,Kameshwari Y.,Rangaraj Nandini,Mahesh Kumar J.,Singh Shashi 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2021 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.18 No.1

BACKGROUND: Tissue engineering centers on creating a niche similar to the natural one, with a purpose of developing an organ construct. A natural scaffold can replace none while creating a scaffold unique to each tissue in composition, architecture and cues that regulate the character of cells. METHODS: Whole pancreas from mouse was decellularized using detergent and enzymes, followed by recellularizing with MSC from human placenta. This construct was transplanted in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. Histopathology of both decellularized and recellularized transplanted pancreas and qPCR analysis were performed to assess its recovery. RESULTS: Decellularization removes the cells leaving behind extracellular matrix rich natural scaffold. After reseeding with mesenchymal stem cells, these cells differentiate into pancreas specific cells. Upon transplantation in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice, this organ was capable of restoring its histomorphology and functioning. Restoration of endocrine (islets), the exocrine region (acinar) and vascular network was seen in transplanted pancreas. The process of functional recovery of endocrine system took about 20 days when the mice start showing blood glucose reduction, though none achieved gluconormalization. CONCLUSION: Natural decellularized scaffolds of soft organs can be refunctionalized using recipient’s mesenchymal stem cells to restore structure and function; and counter immune problems arising during transplantation.

Do Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome Exhale More Hydrogen Than Healthy Subjects in Fasting State?: Author`s Reply

( Uday C Ghoshal ),( Facg Sunil Kumar ) 대한소화관운동학회 2010 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.16 No.4