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Tsung-Hua Lu(Tsung-Hua Lu),Shih-Hsien Lin(Shih-Hsien Lin),Mei Hung Chi(Mei Hung Chi),Ching-Lin Chu(Ching-Lin Chu),Dong-Yu Yang(Dong-Yu Yang),Wei Hung Chang(Wei Hung Chang),Po See Chen(Po See Chen),Yen 대한정신약물학회 2023 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.21 No.1
Objective: Hypoactivity in the reward system among patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a well-known phenomenon. Whether the activity in the reward pathway is related to harm avoidance, such as in sensitivity to punishment, is unclear. Evidence regarding the potential difference between ADHD patients and controls in terms of this association is scarce. Methods: Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on subjects performing the Iowa gambling test. Fourteen adults with ADHD and 14 controls were enrolled in the study. Results: Harm avoidance was found to be positively correlated with the activities of the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex and right insula in individuals with ADHD. A group difference was also confirmed. Conclusion: Understanding the roles of harm avoidance and brain activation during risk tasks is important.
Tsung-Hua Lu(Tsung-Hua Lu),Shih-Hsien Lin(Shih-Hsien Lin),Huai-Hsuan Tseng(Huai-Hsuan Tseng),Yen Kuang Yang(Yen Kuang Yang),Nan Tsing Chiu(Nan Tsing Chiu),Po See Chen(Po See Chen) 대한정신약물학회 2022 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.20 No.4
Objective: Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by the poor sleep quality. Whether the striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability is related to sleep quality among patients with BD is unclear. Methods: Fifty-three euthymic patients with BD (24 BD-I and 29 BD-II) and sixty-eight healthy controls were enrolled. The Chinese Version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used, and the availability of DAT was assessed by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using [99mTc] TRODAT-1. Results: The sleep disturbance component of the PSQI was significantly associated with the level of DAT availability among patients with BD. Conclusion: The striatal dopaminergic activity that contributes to resilience to adversity was associated with sleep pattern among patients with BD.
Rosmarinus officinalis Extract Suppresses Propionibacterium acnes–Induced Inflammatory Responses
Tsung-Hsien Tsai,Lu-Te Chuang,Tsung-Jung Lien,Yau-Rong Liing,Wei-Yu Chen,Po-Jung Tsai 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.4
Propionibacterium acnes is a key pathogen involved in the progression of acne inflammation. The development of a new agent possessing antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity against P. acnes is therefore of interest. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) extract on P. acnes–induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that ethanolic rosemary extract (ERE) significantly suppressed the secretion and mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α in P. acnes–stimulated monocytic THP-1 cells. In an in vivo mouse model, concomitant intradermal injection of ERE attenuated the P. acnes–induced ear swelling and granulomatous inflammation. Since ERE suppressed the P. acnes–induced nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation and mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, the suppressive effect of ERE might be due, at least partially, to diminished NF-κB activation and TLR2-mediated signaling pathways. Furthermore, three major constituents of ERE, carnosol, carnosic acid, and rosmarinic acid, exerted different immumodulatory activities in vitro. In brief, rosmarinic acid significantly suppressed IL-8 production, while the other two compounds inhibited IL-1β production. Further study is needed to explore the role of bioactive compounds of rosemary in mitigation of P. acnes–induced inflammation.
The Interaction of Oxytocin and Social Support, Loneliness, and Cortisol Level in Major Depression
Tsung-Yu Tsai,Huai-Hsuan Tseng,Mei Hung Chi,Hui Hua Chang,Cheng-Kuan Wu,Yen Kuang Yang,Po See Chen 대한정신약물학회 2019 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.17 No.4
Objective: Loneliness is a specific risk factor for depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior. The present study examined whether the serum oxytocin level would interact with social support and buffers loneliness and hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal (HPA)-axis activity in drug-naïve patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: Twenty-six patients with MDD (male:female = 3:23; mean age, 45.54 ± 12.97 years) were recruited. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, UCLA Loneliness Scale and self-reported Measurement of Support Function Questionnaire were administered. Serum oxytocin and cortisol levels were assessed using a commercial immunoassay kits. Results: In MDD patients, a negative association was found between degrees of social support and loneliness ( = −0.39, p = 0.04). The interaction between social support and serum oxytocin level was negatively associated with loneliness ( = −0.50, p = 0.017) and serum cortisol level ( = −0.55, p = 0.020) after adjusting for age. Follow-up analyses showed that the association between higher social support and lower loneliness was observed only in the higher-oxytocin group (r = −0.75, p = 0.003) but not in the lower group (r = −0.19, p = 0.53). The significance remained after further adjusting for sex and depression severity. Conclusion: Low oxytocin level is a vulnerability factor for the buffering effect of social support for loneliness and aberrant HPA-axis activity in MDD patients.
Measuring Parametric and Volumetric Errors in a Four-Axis CMM Using a Hole Plate
Tsung-Han Hsieh,Ming-Xian Lin,Kuan-Ting Yeh 한국정밀공학회 2024 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.25 No.5
Recently, a four-axis coordinate measuring machine (four-axis CMM), which consists of three linear axes and a single rotary axis, has been more widely used than a traditional three-axis CMM. The volumetric error influences the accuracy of the four-axis CMM. There are 27 parametric errors that contribute to the volumetric error. This study utilized a touch probe to measure the hole plate. This methodology can evaluate errors more accurately and reflect the operational conditions of the machines. The main procedures are as follows: (1) The hole plate was sequentially set up in three different planes. The touch probe was used to measure the hole plate using five different styluses. (2) The 27 parametric errors were analyzed using the coordinate deviations. The volumetric error was constructed using homogeneous transformation matrices. The volumetric error ranged from 0.35 to 1.55 μm without the single rotary axis and from 0.35 to 2.83 μm with the single rotary axis. (3) Three metrology instruments, namely a laser interferometer, an autocollimator, and a polygon-autocollimator, were used to validate the proposed methodology and verify the measured parametric errors. The absolute maximum differences compared to the laser interferometer for three parametric positioning errors and the autocollimator for six parametric rotational errors for the three linear axes were 0.56 μm and 0.54″, respectively. Additionally, the absolute maximum difference of one parametric positioning error for the single rotary axis, compared with the polygon-autocollimator, was 0.75″. The En-values were 0.27, 0.54, and 0.27, respectively. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed methodology for the industry’s four-axis CMMs.
Temperature enhanced growth of ultralong multi-walled carbon nanotubes forest
Tsung-Cho Wu,Shuo-Hung Chang 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.5
This work demonstrates a method to synthesize ultralong multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MW-CNTs) forest with high growth rate using the three-zone temperature chemical vapor deposition (TZT-CVD). The effect of temperature difference in the TZT-CVD is to sustain the lifetime of the catalyst and hence increase the growth efficiency. By optimizing the growth variables, TZT-CVD produced MW-CNTs forest with a height up to 4.27 mm in 60 min. The CNT synthesis ratio, an ultimate figure of merit is 712 times and the carbon source consumption is 4% compared to that of single-zone temperature CVD.
Collapse Analysis of the Squaring Circular Tube using Finite Element Method
Tsung-Chia Chen,Jiun-Ming Ye 한국정밀공학회 2012 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.
The circular tube squaring process is examined by a three-dimensional elastic-plastic finite element method, which is based on Prandtl-Reuss flow rule and Hill's yield criterion, associating with an updated Lagrangian formulation. The high nonlinearity of the process due to the geometric changes, the inelastic constitutive behavior, and the boundary conditions being varied with deformation is taken into account in an incremental manner. In terms of the contact boundary, a modified Coulomb friction mode is specially considered. A weighting factor rmin is employed to limit the step size of loading increment to linear relation. The simulated geometry of squaring clearly demonstrates the tube squaring process till unloading. The squaring defects of formation, both collapse and asymmetry, are reported herein. Accordingly, the effects of various parameters, such as geometric ratio R/t, strain hardening exponent n, friction coefficient μ, and the length of tube L, on the occurrence of collapse (collapse ratio C/t, Cm/t, δ1/t, δ2/t, a measurement of the extent of collapse) and the extent of asymmetry (deviation ratio C1/C2) in the tube squaring process are discussed and interpreted in the simulation. The simulation clearly demonstrates the efficiency of the model simulating the tube squaring process. Mainly, it is expected that the formation of a square tube for industrial use without collapse will be found during the design stage, before beginning trials. The present work may be expected to improve the understanding of the formation of square tubes.
Inverse active wind load inputs estimation of the multilayer shearing stress structure
Tsung-Chien Chen,Ming-Hui Lee 한국풍공학회 2008 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.11 No.1
This research investigates the adaptive input estimation method applied to the multilayer shearing stress structure. This method is to estimate the values of wind load inputs by analyzing the active reaction of the system. The Kalman filter without the input term and the adaptive weighted recursive least square estimator are two main portions of this method. The innovation vector can be produced by the Kalman filter, and be applied to the adaptive weighted recursive least square estimator to estimate the wind load input over time. This combined method can effectively estimate the wind loads to the structure system to enhance the reliability of the system active performance analysis. The forms of the simulated inputs (loads) in this paper include the periodic sinusoidal wave, the decaying exponent, the random combination of the sinusoidal wave and the decaying exponent, etc. The active reaction computed plus the simulation error is regard as the simulated measurement and is applied to the input estimation algorithm to implement the numerical simulation of the inverse input estimation process. The availability and the precision of the input estimation method proposed in this research can be verified by comparing the actual value and the one obtained by numerical simulation.