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Responses of Candida albicans to the Human Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37
Pei-Wen Tsai,Yin-Lien Cheng,Wen-Ping Hsieh,Chung-YuLan 한국미생물학회 2014 The journal of microbiology Vol.52 No.7
Candida albicans is amajor fungal pathogen in humans. Antimicrobialpeptides (AMPs) are critical components of the innateimmune response in vertebrates and represent the firstline of defense against microbial infection. LL-37 is the onlymember of the human family of cathelicidin AMPs and iscommonly expressed by various tissues and cells, includingsurfaces of epithelia. The candidacidal effects of LL-37 havebeen well documented, but the mechanisms by which LL-37kills C. albicans are not completely understood. In this study,we examined the effects of LL-37 on cell wall and cellular responsesin C. albicans. Using transmission electron microscopy,carbohydrate analyses, and staining for β-1,3-glucan,changing of C. albicans cell wall integrity was detected uponLL-37 treatment. In addition, LL-37 also affected cell wallarchitecture of the pathogen. Finally,DNAmicroarray analysisand quantitative PCR demonstrated that sub-lethal concentrationsof LL-37 modulated the expression of genes witha variety of functions, including transporters, regulators forbiological processes, response to stress or chemical stimulus,and pathogenesis. Together, LL-37 induces complex responsesin C. albicans, making LL-37 a promising candidate for useas a therapeutic agent against fungal infections.
Advanced Imaging of Nanometer-Scale Recorded Bits on Super-Resolution Near-Field Optical Disk
Pei Lin Yang,Din Ping Tsai,Cheng Wei Lin,Chih Ching Hsu,Pei Hsin Chang,Tsung Sheng Kao,Wei Chih Lin 한국물리학회 2005 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.47 No.1
An advanced imaging technique is demonstrated for fast, non-destructive and high resolution characterizations for nanometer-scale recorded bits on a super-resolution near-field optical disk (super-RENS). For the first time, an array of individual 100 nm recorded marks is imaged and studied by using the conductive-atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) method. Discussions also include comparisons of 300 nm, 200 nm and 100 nm recorded marks on both a super-RENS disk and a commercial DVD disk, and the image results are evidence of the high carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) value on the super-RENS disk, even though the mark size has been shrunk to less than the diffraction limit.
Che-Sheng Chu,Shu-Li Cheng,Ya-Mei Bai,Tung-Ping Su,Shih-Jen Tsai,Tzeng-Ji Chen,Fu-Chi Yang,Mu-Hong Chen,Chih-Sung Liang 대한신경정신의학회 2023 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.20 No.9
Objective Individuals with dementia are at a substantially elevated risk for mortality; however, few studies have examined multimorbidity patterns and determined the inter-relationship between these comorbidities in predicting mortality risk.Methods This is a prospective cohort study. Data from 6,556 patients who were diagnosed with dementia between 1997 and 2012 using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database were analyzed. Latent class analysis was performed using 16 common chronic conditions to identify mortality risk among potentially different latent classes. Logistic regression was performed to determine the adjusted association of the determined latent classes with the 5-year mortality rate.Results With adjustment for age, a three-class model was identified, with 42.7% of participants classified as “low comorbidity class (cluster 1)”, 44.2% as “cardiometabolic multimorbidity class (cluster 2)”, and 13.1% as “FRINGED class (cluster 3, characterized by FRacture, Infection, NasoGastric feeding, and bleEDing over upper gastrointestinal tract).” The incidence of 5-year mortality was 17.6% in cluster 1, 26.7% in cluster 2, and 59.6% in cluster 3. Compared with cluster 1, the odds ratio for mortality was 9.828 (95% confidence interval [CI]=6.708–14.401; p<0.001) in cluster 2 and 1.582 (95% CI=1.281–1.953; p<0.001) in cluster 3.Conclusion Among patients with dementia, the risk for 5-year mortality was highest in the subpopulation characterized by fracture, urinary and pulmonary infection, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and nasogastric intubation, rather than cancer or cardiometabolic comorbidities. These findings may improve decision-making and advance care planning for patients with dementia.
Kuo, Chung-Feng Jeffrey,Su, Te-Li,Tsai, Cheng-Ping The Korean Fiber Society 2007 Fibers and polymers Vol.8 No.6
This study is intended for finding out the optimal processing parameters for needle punching nonwoven fabrics in order to work out its maximal strength. Taguchi method together with grey relational analysis is employed to resolve the problem as regards multiple-quality optimization, and further discover the optimal combination of processing parameters for needle punching nonwoven fabrics. Firstly, orthogonal array $L_{18}(2^1{\times}3^7)$ is used to deal with the processing parameters that may exert influence over the manufacturing of needle punching nonwoven fabrics. Then grey relational analysis is applied to resolve the deficiency of Taguchi method that focus on single quality characteristic. Next, the response table of grey relational analysis is used to obtain the optimal combination of processing parameters for multiple quality characteristics. In the current experiment quality characteristic refers to the tensile strength and tear strength of the nonwoven fabrics. Additionally, signal-to-noise ratio (SN ratio) calculation and analysis of variance (ANOVA) can be adopted to explore the experimental results. Through ANOVA, the significant factors that exert comparatively significant influence over the quality characteristic of the needle punching nonwoven fabrics, that is, the control factors are determined so that the quality characteristic of the needle punching nonwoven fabrics can be effectively controlled. Finally, confirmation experiment is conducted within 95 % confidence interval to verify the experimental reliability and reproducibility.