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The Effects of Components of Grazing System on Welfare of Fattening Pigs
Tozawa, Akitsu,Tanaka, Shigefumi,Sato, Shusuke Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.3
The objective of this study was to clarify the most effective component of grazing for improving welfare of fattening pigs. This study compared welfare indicators of 20 fattening pigs aged 100 to 124 days (the prior period) and 138 to 164 days (the latter period) in an indoor housing system (IS), an outdoor pasturing system (OP), a concrete floor paddock system (CF), a concrete floor paddock system with fresh grass (FG), or a soil floor paddock system (SF). The last three treatments include important components of a grazing system: extra space, grass feed, and soil floor. Behavior, wounds on the body, and performances, measured as average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio, were observed. CF pigs behaved similarly to IS pigs. FG pigs showed higher levels of foraging, chewing and activity. SF pigs engaged in higher levels of foraging, exploring, activity, and rooting, and showed a similar amount of playing behavior as OP pigs. ADG was the same in all treatments at the prior period, and increased in the order FG, IS, CF, SF, and OP at the latter. The behaviors and performance of SF pigs resembled those of OP which seemed to indicate a consistently higher standard of welfare than the other treatments. In conclusion, the existence of a soil floor is the most important component of a pasture for improving the welfare of pigs.
Yasui, Takahiro,Tozawa, Keiichi,Ando, Ryosuke,Hamakawa, Takashi,Iwatsuki, Shoichiro,Taguchi, Kazumi,Kobayashi, Daichi,Naiki, Taku,Mizuno, Kentaro,Okada, Atsushi,Umemoto, Yukihiro,Kawai, Noriyasu,Sasak Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.15
Background: To explore the safety, efficacy, and oncological outcome of 3-port laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) compared to open radical cystectomy (ORC) in patients older than 75 years. Materials and Methods: From June 2010 to July 2014, we analyzed 16 radical cystectomies in patients older than 75 years (LRC group=8; ORC group=8). Demographic parameters, operative variables, and perioperative outcome in the 2 groups were retrospectively collected, analyzed, and compared. Results: Patients in both groups had comparable preoperative characteristics. A significantly longer operating time (476 vs. 303 min, P=0.0002) and less estimated blood loss (627 vs. 2,106 mL, P=0.021) were observed in the LRC group compared to the ORC group. Infection and ileus were the most common early complications after surgery. Patients who underwent ORC suffered from more postoperative infection (22.2% vs. 0.0%, P=0.054) and ileus (25.0% vs. 12.5%, P=0.521) than the LRC group, but the difference was not significant. Conclusions: Judging from this initial trial, 3-port LRC can be safely carried out in elderly patients. We suggest 3-port LRC as the primary intervention to treat muscle-invasive or high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer in elderly patients with an otherwise relatively long life expectancy.
Inversion of Magnetoresistance in La1−xSrxMnO3 /Nb-doped SrTiO3/CoFe Junctions
K. Ueda,K. Tozawa,H. Asano 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.63 No.3
Magnetoresistance (MR) devices using degenerated oxide semiconductors, Nb-doped SrTiO3,(Nb-STO) as intermediate layers between two ferromagnets were fabricated and their magneticand transport properties were evaluated. Magnetic junctions using the trilayer films showed MRof 5% at 4.2 K, and the sign and the magnitude of the MR were changed depending on thethickness of Nb-STO layers. The origin of the inversion of the MR is not clear, however we considerspin injection from ferromagnetic electrodes to Nb-STO through Schottky tunnel barriers plays animportant role.
Thermo-electronic Properties of the Copper-oxide Cu6O8YCl1−xBrx
Kenji Kawashima,Hiroki Takeda,Hazuki Tozawa,Jun Akimitsu 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.63 No.3
We report the thermal conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient of polycrystalline samples ofCu6O8YCl1−xBrx. The lattice constant a linearly increases with increasing Br− concentration x,indicating an expansion of the Cu6O8 cage. At 350 K, the thermal conductivity Κ is small andundergoes very little change with x, suggesting the existence of an anharmonic vibration. On theother hand, the Seebeck coefficient S is enhanced by substituting Br− for Cl−. These facts indicatethat the thermoelectronic properties are sensitive to the Cu6O8 cage size in the Cu6O8YCl system.
Jiro Watari,Toshihiko Tomita,Katsuyuki Tozawa,Tadayuki Oshima,Hirokazu Fukui,Hiroto Miwa 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2020 Gut and Liver Vol.14 No.3
Whether Helicobacter pylori eradication actually reduces the risk of metachronous gastric cancer (MGC) development remains a controversial question. In this review, we addressed this topic by reviewing the results of clinical investigations and molecular pathological analyses of the roles of H. pylori eradication and aspirin administration in the prevention of MGC. In regard to the clinical studies, the results of meta-analyses and randomized control trials differ from those of retrospective studies: the former trials show that H. pylori eradication has a preventive effect on MGC, while the latter studies do not. This discrepancy may be at least partly attributable to differences in the follow-up periods: H. pylori eradication is more likely to prevent MGC over a long-term follow-up period (≥5 years) than over a short-term follow-up period. In addition, many studies have shown that aspirin may have an additive effect on MGC-risk reduction after H. pylori eradication has been achieved. Both H. pylori eradication and aspirin use induce molecular alterations in the atrophic gastritis mucosa but not in the intestinal metaplasia. Unfortunately, the molecular pathological analyses of these interventions have been limited by short follow-up periods. Therefore, a long-term prospective cohort is needed to clarify the changes in molecular events caused by these interventions.
Elliott, Paul ,R.,Irvine, Andrew ,F.,Jung, Hyun ,Suk,Tozawa, Kaeko,Pastok, Martyna ,W.,Picone, Remigio,Badyal, Sandip ,K.,Basran, Jaswir,Rudland, Philip ,S.,Barraclough, Roger Cell Press 2012 Structure Vol.20 No.4
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Filament assembly of nonmuscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) is selectively regulated by the small Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>-binding protein, S100A4, which causes enhanced cell migration and metastasis in certain cancers. Our NMR structure shows that an S100A4 dimer binds to a single myosin heavy chain in an asymmetrical configuration. NMIIA in the complex forms a continuous helix that stretches across the surface of S100A4 and engages the Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>-dependent binding sites of each subunit in the dimer. Synergy between these sites leads to a very tight association (K<SUB>D</SUB> ∼1 nM) that is unique in the S100 family. Single-residue mutations that remove this synergy weaken binding and ameliorate the effects of S100A4 on NMIIA filament assembly and cell spreading in A431 human epithelial carcinoma cells. We propose a model for NMIIA filament disassembly by S100A4 in which initial binding to the unstructured NMIIA tail initiates unzipping of the coiled coil and disruption of filament packing.</P>
Wada, Satoko,Fukasawa, Michiru,Chiba, Takashi,Shishido, Tetsuro,Tozawa, Akitsu,Ogura, Shin-ichiro Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.10
Objective: Stroking calves during the postnatal period could effectively improve human-calf relationships. The objective of this study is to examine how daily calf stroking frequency during the postnatal period affects the establishment of human-calf relationships. Methods: Six calves were stroked by a trainer for 6 minutes once daily for 5 days after birth (D1). Six calves were stroked by a trainer for 3 minutes twice daily for 5 days after birth (D2). A further four calves were stared at but not stroked as the control group. The overall stroking or staring duration was the same for all groups, at 6 min/d and 30 min over 5 days. The tests for reactions to the stationary trainer in an unfamiliar environment and avoidance distance measurements for an approaching trainer were conducted at 1 month and 3 months after the treatment. Results: Calves in both stroking groups approached significantly closer to the stationary trainer, vocalized less, and looked at the trainer shorter than the control group at 1 month. However, at 3 months, there was no significant difference between the D1 and the control group, whereas the D2 approached significantly closer to the trainer and vocalized less, and looked at the trainer for a shorter time than the control group. For the avoidance distance, the trainer could approach closer to both stroking groups than the control at 1 month, however, there was no difference among groups at 3 months. Conclusion: Our results suggested that the difference in the calf stroking procedure affected the established human-calf relationships, even though the total stroking duration was the same for all stroked calves. It is likely to be more effective to stroke more frequently than intensively when the aim is to establish better human-calf relationships within limited labor time.