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- 저자 : Thomas A. Baker (검색결과 5 건)
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Thomas J. Wilkinson,Emma L. Watson,Noemi Vadaszy,Luke A. Baker,João L. Viana,Alice C. Smith 대한신장학회 2020 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.39 No.3
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have poor cardiorespiratory fitness. Although cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a universal assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness, values taken at ‘peak’ effort are strongly influenced by motivation and the choice of test endpoint. The oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) integrates cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and respiratory function into a single index to provide a more pragmatic and safer alternative to maximal testing. No research has explored whether exercise can improve the OUES in CKD patients. Methods: Thirty-two patients with non-dialysis CKD were recruited into a 12-week exercise program consisting of mixed aerobic and resistance training three times a week. CPET was conducted at baseline, and then, following a 6-week control period, at pre- and post-exercise intervention. Direct measurements of oxygen consumption (V̇ O2) and ventilatory parameters were collected. The OUES was calculated as the relationship between V̇ O2 and the log10 of minute ventilation (V ̇ E). Results: No changes were observed in any variable during the control period, although modest increases in V ̇ O2peak were observed. No meaningful changes were observed as a result of exercise in any cardiorespiratory value obtained. The OUES calculated at 100%, 90%, 75%, and 50% of exercise duration did not change significantly after 12 weeks of exercise training. Conclusion: Our results show that 12 weeks of exercise training had no beneficial effects on the OUES, which supports the modest change observed in V ̇ O2peak. The lack of change in the OUES and other parameters could indicate a dysfunctional cardiorespiratory response to exercise in patients with CKD, likely mediated by dysfunctional peripheral metabolic mechanisms.
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Early Life Body Size in Relation to First Intracerebral or Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Line K. Gjærde,Thomas C. Truelsen,Thorkild I. A. Sørensen,Jennifer L. Baker 대한뇌졸중학회 2019 Journal of stroke Vol.21 No.1
Background and Purpose As risk of hemorrhagic stroke may have early life origins, we investigated associations of birth weight and childhood body mass index (BMI) with adult intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) or subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods We included 240,234 Danish schoolchildren, born 1936 to 1989, with information on birth weight and measured weights and heights from 7 to 13 years. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between early life anthropometrics and ICH or SAH, identified through linkage with national registers. Results During the study period, 1,947 individuals (39% women) experienced an ICH and 797 individuals (64% women) experienced a SAH. Per 500 g increase in birth weight, women had a 10% decreased risk of SAH (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83 to 0.97) and men had a 10% decreased risk of ICH (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.85 to 0.95). Birth weight was not associated with risks of ICH in women or SAH in men. In men, a childhood BMI below average (BMI z-score <0) was associated with increased risks of ICH. The association was stronger at older childhood ages, and at 13 years a BMI z-score of –1 was associated with a HR of 1.17 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.28), and a BMI z-score of –2 with a HR of 1.46 (95% CI, 1.17 to 1.82) for ICH. Childhood BMI was not associated with risks of ICH in women or with risks of SAH in both sexes. Conclusions Early life body size is associated with ICH and SAH, and the associations differ by sex.
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Fadamiro, Henry Y.,Cosse, Allard A.,Baker, Thomas C. Korean Society of Applied Entomology 1999 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.2 No.2
We investigated the potential of disrupting pheromone-mediated mating communication in European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis(Hubner). The female sex pheromone, a blend of (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and (E)-11-tetraecenyl acetate and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate in a ratio of~97:3 was released from two dispenser types and in two deployment patterns, a Shin-Etsu rope of formulation spaced 2m apart and a widely-spaced(35m) pattern using a controlled release system called the Metered Semiochemical Timed Release System (${MSTRS}^{TM}$). Both dispensers were situated in grassy sites that constitute aggregation areas for O. nubilalis mating activity within and around cornfields at three different locations in Iowa. Pheromone-emission rate (after 7 days in the field) from the ${MSTRS}^{TM}$(6.09$\mu\textrm{g}$/min) was ca. 26 times greater than from the rope formulation (0.23 $\mu\textrm{g}$/min). Both dispensers during both first and second flights achieved a significant level of disruption of pheromone-source location(averaging 97%). More importantly, a significant level of mating disruption was achieved, as measured by the frequency of mating by free-flying feral females. The mean number of matings, as measured by spermatophores, per first generation female was 1.33 in the $MSTRS^{TM}$ plots and 1.58 in the rope plots, compared with 1.88 in untreated check plots. During the second flight, the number of matings per female averaged 1.63 in the $MSTRS^{TM}$ plots, 1.56 in the rope plots and 2.17 in untreated check plots. There was also a significant reduction in the proportion of females that mated at least once during both flights in $MSTRS^{TM}$ plots. During the first flight, 17 and 10% fewer females mated in the $MSTRS^{TM}$-treated and rope-treated fields, respectively. A similar level of disruption was also achieved during the second flight.
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Kevin K. Byon,Thomas A. Baker Iii,최영환(Young Hwan Choi) 한국사회체육학회 2011 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.46
본 연구의 목적은 대학내 스포츠클럽의 존립기간과 대학내 레크리에이션 프로그램 만족도간의 관계를 대한 서비스 품질의 매개역할에 관한 연구를 위한 것이다. 이와 같은 연구를 위해 미국의 남동지역 종합대학의 27개 스포츠 클럽으로부터 252명이 연구에 참여하였다. 위계적 선형모형(HLM) 분석결과 서비스 품질은 만족에 직접적으로 영향을 미친 반면, 스포츠 클럽의 운영기간은 서비스품질과 만족에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 논의 부분에서는 본 연구 결과의 해석과 함께 스포츠 경영학 분야에서 위계적 선형모형(HLM)의 적용의 타당성이 제시되었다.
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An Interdisciplinary Examination of the Material Effects of Deceptive Sport Beverage Advertisements
Natasha T. Brison,Thomas A. Baker,Kevin K. Byon,Nathaniel J. Evans 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol.8 No.1
Sport companies frequently make product claims in advertise- ments to influence consumer purchase decisions. Sport beverages, in particular, often tout health benefits and performance claims. Unfortunately, some sport beverage claims may be false or mis- leading, persuading consumers to erroneously purchase products due to incorrect information. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) prohibits any deceptive advertising resulting in a material effect on the consumer. Consumer behaviorists, however, rarely consider the FTC’s guidelines in measuring consumer deception. Therefore, drawing upon consumer behavior theory and the FTC’s guide- lines, this paper examines the material effects of deceptive sport beverage advertisements. The authors identify and define three types of materiality: cognitive, affective, and behavioral. Employing a within-subjects experimental design, two studies were conducted: print and Facebook. The results reveal both types of deceptive advertisements had positive and statistically significant effects on all three types of materiality. These findings substantiate the determination of a violation by the National Advertising Division (NAD) and support further investigation of deceptive sport beverage advertising and marketing practices by the FTC.
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