An improvement of real-time polymerase chain reaction system based on probe modification is required for accurate detection of African swine fever virus in clinical samples in Vietnam

Tran Ha Thi Thanh,Dang Anh Kieu,Ly Duc Viet,Vu Hao Thi,Hoang Tuan Van,Nguyen Chinh Thi,Chu Nhu Thi,Nguyen Vinh The,Nguyen Huyen Thi,Truong Anh Duc,Pham Ngoc Thi,Dang Hoang Vu 아세아·태평양축산학회 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.10

Objective: The rapid and reliable detection of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) plays an important role in emergency control and preventive measures of ASF. Some methods have been recommended by FAO/OIE to detect ASFV in clinical samples, including real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, mismatches in primer and probe binding regions may cause a false-negative result. Here, a slight modification in probe sequence has been conducted to improve the qualification of real-time PCR based on World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) protocol for accurate detection of ASFV in field samples in Vietnam. Methods: Seven positive confirmed samples (four samples have no mismatch, and three samples contained one mutation in probe binding sites) were used to establish novel real-time PCR with slightly modified probe (Y = C or T) in comparison with original probe recommended by OIE. Results: Both real-time PCRs using the OIE-recommended probe and novel modified probe can detect ASFV in clinical samples without mismatch in probe binding site. A high correlation of cycle quantification (Cq) values was observed in which Cq values obtained from both probes arranged from 22 to 25, suggesting that modified probe sequence does not impede the qualification of real-time PCR to detect ASFV in clinical samples. However, the samples with one mutation in probe binding sites were ASFV negative with OIE recommended probe but positive with our modified probe (Cq value ranked between 33.12-35.78). Conclusion: We demonstrated for the first time that a mismatch in probe binding regions caused a false negative result by OIE recommended real-time PCR, and a slightly modified probe is required to enhance the sensitivity and obtain an ASF accurate diagnosis in field samples in Vietnam.

The Nexus of ICT, Manufacturing Productivity and Economic Restructuring in Vietnam

Dang Thi Viet DUC,Phuoc Van NGUYEN 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.9

The objective of this paper is to clarify the relationship between ICT application and labor productivity in Vietnamese manufacturing firms and connect it with the context of economic restructuring in Vietnam. The study uses data of 3,428 manufacturing firms from the General Statistics Office of Vietnam and regression models. In addition to the general model, the study also runs the models for sub-samples of firms of different production technology levels. Research results show two main points. First, information technology can enhance the labor productivity of Vietnamese manufacturing firms. This is true for both ICT hardware applications, ICT services, ICT software solutions, and employees’ ICT skills in firms. Second, manufacturing firms with higher levels of production technology use ICT more effectively and achieve a higher impact on labor productivity. The results confirm that the Vietnamese government can stimulate ICT application and digital transformation in firms, thereby increasing labor productivity and promoting economic restructuring in the direction of shifting from agriculture to industry and from low-tech industries to high-tech ones. The results also provide implications for business managers and policymakers in other developing countries who are adopting the digital economy as a development strategy.

The potential efficacy of the E2-subunit vaccine to protect pigs against different genotypes of classical swine fever virus circulating in Vietnam

Ha Thi Thanh Tran,Duc Anh Truong,Viet Duc Ly,Hao Thi Vu,Tuan Van Hoang,Chinh Thi Nguyen,Nhu Thi Chu,Vinh The Nguyen,Duyen Thuy Nguyen,Kohtaroh Miyazawa,Takehiro Kokuho,Hoang Vu Dang 대한백신학회 2020 Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research Vol.9 No.1

Purpose: To date, many kinds of classical swine fever (CSF) vaccines have been developed to protect against this disease. However, the efficacy of these vaccines to protect the pig against field CSF strains needs to be considered, based on circulating strains of classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Materials and Methods: Recombinant E2-CSFV protein produced by baculovirus/insect cell system was analyzed by western blots and immunoperoxidase monolayer assay. The effect of CSFV-E2 subunit vaccines was evaluated in experimental pigs with three genotypes of CSFV challenge. Anti-E2 specific and neutralizing antibodies in experimental pigs were analyzed by blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization peroxidize-linked assay. Results: The data showed that CSFV VN91-E2 subunit vaccine provided clinical protection in pigs against three different genotypes of CSFV without noticeable clinical signs, symptoms, and mortality. In addition, no CSFV was isolated from the spleen of the vaccinated pigs. However, the unvaccinated pigs exhibited high clinical scores and the successful virus isolation from spleen. These results showed that the E2-specific and neutralizing antibodies induced by VN91-E2 antigen appeared at day 24 after first boost and a significant increase was observed at day 28 (p<0.01). This response reached a peak at day 35 and continued until day 63 when compared to controls. Importantly, VN91-E2 induced E2-specific and neutralizing antibodies protected experimental pigs against high virulence of CSFVs circulating in Vietnam, including genotype 1.1, 2.1, and 2.2. Conclusion: These findings also suggested that CSFV VN91-E2 subunit vaccine could be a promising vaccine candidate for the control and prevention of CSFV in Vietnam.

Chicken novel leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamilies B1 and B3 are transcriptional regulators of major histocompatibility complex class I genes and signaling pathways

Anh Duc Truong,홍여진,이장근,이경백,Ha Thi Thanh Tran,Hoang Vu Dang,Viet Khong Nguyen,Hyun S. Lillehoj,홍영호 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.5

Objective: The inhibitory leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRBs) play an important role in innate immunity. The present study represents the first description of the cloning and structural and functional analysis of LILRB1 and LILRB3 isolated from two genetically disparate chicken lines. Methods: Chicken LILRB1-3 genes were identified by bioinformatics approach. Expression studies were performed by transfection, quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Signal transduction was analyzed by western blots, immunoprecipitation and flow cytometric. Cytokine levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Amino acid homology and phylogenetic analyses showed that the homologies of LILRB1 and LILRB3 in the chicken line 6.3 to those proteins in the chicken line 7.2 ranged between 97%-99%, while homologies between chicken and mammal proteins ranged between 13%-19%, and 13%-69%, respectively. Our findings indicate that LILRB1 and LILRB3 subdivided into two groups based on the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIM) present in the transmembrane domain. Chicken line 6.3 has two ITIM motifs of the sequence LxYxxL and SxYxxV while line 7.2 has two ITIM motifs of the sequences LxYxxL and LxYxxV. These motifs bind to SHP-2 (protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11) that plays a regulatory role in immune functions. Moreover, our data indicate that LILRB1 and LILRB3 associated with and activated major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and β2-microglobulin and induced the expression of transporters associated with antigen processing, which are essential for MHC class I antigen presentation. This suggests that LILRB1 and LILRB3 are transcriptional regulators, modulating the expression of components in the MHC class I pathway and thereby regulating immune responses. Furthermore, LILRB1 and LILRB3 activated Janus kinase2/tyrosine kinase 2 (JAK2/TYK2); signal transducer and activator of transcription1/3 (STAT1/3), and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 genes expressed in Macrophage (HD11) cells, which induced Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines. Conclusion: These data indicate that LILRB1 and LILRB3 are innate immune receptors associated with SHP-2, MHC class I, β2-microglobulin, and they activate the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway. Thus, our study provides novel insights into the regulation of immunity and immunopathology.

Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors A2 and A6 are Expressed in Avian Macrophages and Modulate Cytokine Production by Activating Multiple Signaling Pathways

Truong, Anh Duc,Rengaraj, Deivendran,Hong, Yeojin,Tran, Ha Thi Thanh,Dang, Hoang Vu,Nguyen, Viet Khong,Lillehoj, Hyun S.,Hong, Yeong Ho MDPI 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.19 No.9

<P>The activating leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRAs) play an important role in innate immunity. However, most of the LILRA members have not been characterized in avian species including chickens. The present study is the first attempt at cloning, structural analysis and functional characterization of two LILRAs (LILRA2 and LILRA6) in chickens. Multiple sequence alignments and construction of a phylogenetic tree of chicken LILRA2 and LILRA6 with mammalian proteins revealed high conservation between chicken LILRA2 and LILRA6 and a close relationship between the chicken and mammalian proteins. The mRNA expression of <I>LILRA2</I> and <I>LILRA6</I> was high in chicken HD11 macrophages and the small intestine compared to that in several other tissues and cells tested. To examine the function of LILRA2 and LILRA6 in chicken immunity, <I>LILRA2</I> and <I>LILRA6</I> were transfected into HD11 cells. Our findings indicated that LILRA2 and LILRA6 are associated with the phosphorylation of Src kinases and SHP2, which play a regulatory role in immune functions. Moreover, LILRA6 associated with and activated MHC class I, β2-microglobulin and induced the expression of transporters associated with antigen processing but LILRA2 did not. Furthermore, both LILRA2 and LILRA6 activated JAK-STAT, NF-κB, PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathways and induced Th1-, Th2- and Th17-type cytokines and Toll-like receptors. Collectively, this study indicates that LILRA2 and LILRA6 are essential for macrophage-mediated immune responses and they have the potential to complement the innate and adaptive immune system against pathogens.</P>

Na-doped La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ compounds exhibiting a large magnetocaloric effect near room temperature

Chi Linh, Dinh,Thi Ha, Nguyen,Huu Duc, Nguyen,Giang Nam, Le Huu,Bau, Le Viet,Manh An, Nguyen,Yu, Seong-Cho,Dang Thanh, Tran Elsevier 2018 PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER - Vol.532 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this work, we have investigated the magnetic properties and the magnetocaloric effect of La<SUB>0.7−x</SUB>Na<SUB>x</SUB>Ca<SUB>0.3</SUB>MnO<SUB>3</SUB> compounds, which were prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction technique. The Rietveld refinement results suggested that the samples are single phase belonging to an orthorhombic structure (space group <I>Pnma</I>). Analyzing temperature dependence of magnetization <I>M</I>(<I>T</I>) revealed that the Curie temperature (<I>T</I> <SUB>C</SUB>) increases with increasing Na content (<I>x</I>). Their <I>T</I> <SUB>C</SUB> value is found to be 260–298K for <I>x</I>=0.0–0.1, respectively. Base on <I>M</I>(<I>T</I>) data measured at different applied magnetic fields (<I>H</I>), temperature dependence of magnetic entropy change Δ<I>S</I> <SUB>m</SUB>(<I>T</I>) data for all the samples was calculated by using a phenomenological model. In the vicinity of <I>T</I> <SUB>C,</SUB> -Δ<I>S</I> <SUB>m</SUB>(<I>T</I>) curve reaches a maximum value (denoted as |Δ<I>S</I> <SUB>max</SUB>|), which gradually increases with increasing <I>H</I>. Under 12kOe, the value of |Δ<I>S</I> <SUB>max</SUB>| is in a range of 1.47–5.19J/kgK corresponding to the relative cooling power RCP=57.12–75.88J/kg. Applied the universal master curve method for the magnetic entropy change, we concluded that Na-doped in La<SUB>0.7−x</SUB>Na<SUB>x</SUB>Ca<SUB>0.3</SUB>MnO<SUB>3</SUB> compounds leads to modification the nature of the magnetic phase transition from the first- to the second-order.</P>

Bioinformatic identification and expression analysis of the chicken B cell lymphoma (BCL) gene

Van Thai Than,Ha Thi Thanh Tran,Duc Viet Ly,Hoang Vu Dang,Minh Nam Nguyen,Anh Duc Truong 한국유전학회 2019 Genes & Genomics Vol.41 No.10

Background B cell lymphoma (BCL) families play an important role in apoptosis as a growth factor, cell death programming, cytokine expression and immune-related genes expression. Objectives In this study, to investigate the roles of BCLs, we performed genome-wide identification, expression and functional analyses of the BCL family in chicken. Methods Chicken BCLs genes were identified and analyzed by using bioinformatics approach. Expression profiles and Hierarchical cluster analysis of the BCLs genes in different chicken tissues were obtained from the genome-wide RNA-seq in the GEO, and Cluster and Java Treeview, respectively. Results A total of 16 BCLs genes were identified from the chicken genome, which could be further classified into five distinct groups in the phylogenetic tree. On the other hand, the interaction among BCLs proteins and between BCLs proteins with NF-κB subunits are limited, indicating that the remaining the functions of BCLs protein could be investigated in chicken. Moreover, KEGG pathway analysis indicated that BCL gene family was involved in regulation of apoptotic and immune response. Finally, BCL gene family was differentially expressed in chicken tissues, pathogen infection and growth stages of early chicken early embryo. Conclusion This study provides significant insights into the potential functions of BCLs in chicken, including the regulation of apoptosis, cell death and expression of immune-related genes.

Critical Factors Affecting the Adoption of Artificial Intelligence: An Empirical Study in Vietnam

Thanh Luan NGUYEN,Van Phuoc NGUYEN,Thi Viet Duc DANG 한국유통과학회 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.5

The term “artificial intelligence” is considered a component of sophisticated technological developments, and several intelligent tools have been developed to assist organizations and entrepreneurs in making business decisions. Artificial intelligence (AI) is defined as the concept of transforming inanimate objects into intelligent beings that can reason in the same way that humans do. Computer systems can imitate a variety of human intelligence activities, including learning, reasoning, problem-solving, speech recognition, and planning. This study’s objective is to provide responses to the questions: Which factors should be taken into account while deciding whether or not to use AI applications? What role do these elements have in AI application adoption? However, this study proposes a framework to explore the significance and relation of success factors to AI adoption based on the technology-organization-environment model. Ten critical factors related to AI adoption are identified. The framework is empirically tested with data collected by mail surveying organizations in Vietnam. Structural Equation Modeling is applied to analyze the data. The results indicate that Technical compatibility, Relative advantage, Technical complexity, Technical capability, Managerial capability, Organizational readiness, Government involvement, Market uncertainty, and Vendor partnership are significantly related to AI applications adoption.