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Matsuura Takumi,Yamamoto Tetsuya,Matsumoto Yoshiyuki,Itino Takao 한국응용곤충학회 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.26 No.4
We reconstructed Stomaphis phylogeny and analyzed evolutionary host-plant shifts. The molecular phylogeny revealed 23 well-supported lineages, each specialized to use specific host plant family, whilst host plants of Stomaphis aphids ranged across 6 orders, 11 families, 21 genera, and 28 species. This combination of high host specificity with evolutionarily distant host shifts is exceptional in herbivores. To explain this pattern, we propose one hypothesis among several possibilities: Stomaphis aphids are generalists with respect to the defensive chemicals produced by the plant, but specialists with respect to the stem surface structure of the host tree. This hypothesis predicts that tree taxa having stem surface structures preferred by Stomaphis would be used again and again by genetically distinct Stomaphis lineages. Consistent with this prediction, we found that different (occa sionally phylogenetically distant) Stomaphis lineages shared the same host plant genera such as Alnus and Betula. This result suggests that, in the course of their evolutionary history, Japanese Stomaphis aphids have repeatedly colonized a limited number of host plant genera.
Paramagnetic-assisted NMR Analyses of Conformational Dynamics of Gangliosides
Ying Zhang,Takumi Yamaguchi,Sayoko Yamamoto,Yoshinori Uekusa,Koichi Kato 한국당과학회 2012 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.1
For better understanding the molecular basis of the mechanism underlying oligosaccharides functions, it is quite desirable to gain detail information on their conformational dynamics in solution. However, the conformational analysis of oligosaccharides is still a remaining challenge, because of their branched covalent structures and dynamic conformational multiplicities, which hinder conventional analytical methods. For conformational characterization of flexible oligosaccharides, their structures should not be dealt with as a single well-defined global free energy minimum but as an ensemble of low energy conformers. Hence, we have been developing a methodology for evaluating a dynamic ensemble of oligosaccharide conformations by employing paramagnetic-assisted NMR methods based on paramagnetic effects such as pseudocontact shift (PCS) and paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) in conjunction with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations [1,2]. We applied this approach to the conformational dynamics analyses of branched GM2 tetrasaccharide, βGalNAc-(1-4)-[αNeu5Ac-(2-3)]-βGal-(1-4)-βGlc, which share the common core structure of gangliosides forming an integral part of cellular membranes. We synthesized the GM2 tetrasaccharide covalently attached to a lanthanide chelating-tag (Fig. 1). Upon complexation with paramagnetic lanthanide ions, the tagged sugar exhibited NMR spectral changes due to PCSs. The observed PCS values were in excellent agreement with those back-calculated from the 3D ensemble models derived from the MD calculations. In addition, we have developed spin-labeling method of gangliosides for their NMR analyses in amphipathic environments. These methodologies open a new prospect for conformational analyses of dynamic structures of gangliosides toward decoding glycocodes from the 3D structural aspects.
MMDAE: Dialog scenario editor for MMDAgent on the web browser
Ryota Nishimura,Daisuke Yamamoto,Takahiro Uchiya,Ichi Takumi 한국통신학회 2019 ICT Express Vol.5 No.1
We have developed MMDAgent (a fully open-source toolkit for voice interaction systems), which runs on a variety of platforms such as personal computers and smartphones. From this, the editing environment of the dialog scenario also needs to be operated on various platforms. So, we develop a scenario editor that is implemented on a Web browser. The purpose of this paper also includes making it easy to edit the scenario. Experiments were conducted for subjects using the proposed scenario editor. It was found that our proposed system provides better readability of a scenario and allows easier editing.
Keisuke Sugahara,Satoru Matsunaga,Masahito Yamamoto,Taku Noguchi,Sumiharu Morita,Masahide Koyachi,Yu Koyama,Takumi Koyama,Norio Kasahara,Shinichi Abe,Akira Katakura 대한해부학회 2020 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.53 No.4
Major bleeding associated with sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) involves vessels such as the inferior alveolar, facial, and maxillary arteries and veins, and the retromandibular vein (RMV). The present study aimed to clarify and classify the three-dimensional variations in RMV position and course direction in relation to the mandible. Specimens comprised a total of 15 scientific cadavers, and the relationship between RMV and the mandible lateral and posterior views was observed. We identified 3 patterns on the lateral view, the mean distance between the RMV and the posterior border of the ramus was 3.9 mm at the height of the lingula. A total of five course patterns were identified on the posterior view. In no course pattern, the RMV inferior to the lingula was lateral to its position superior to the lingual. The present findings suggest that it may be possible to predict correlations with intraoperative bleeding risk. Further study is planned using contrast computed tomography in patients with jaw deformity for skeletal classification.