대화형 인공지능의 윤리적 언어 표현을 위한 기초 연구

조태린(Cho, Tae-Rin),김신각(Kim, Shin-Gak),유희재(Yu, Hui-Jae),김예지(Kim, Ye-Ji),이주희(Lee, Ju-Hee) 한국어문학회 2018 語文學 Vol.0 No.140

The purpose of this study is to set up the concept and classification standard of unethical linguistic expressions(ULEs) as word unit that can appear in the machine learning of interactive artificial intelligence systems and humans conversation. The study also examined the characteristics of each type, based on examples. According to the results of the study, ULEs as word unit can be divided into three categories: ‘swear words’, ‘vulgar words’, and ‘derogatory slangs’. These three types are common in that they are all regarded as ULEs in any variance of emergence. However, they differ in two attributes, aggression and degradation. This study also suggests that there are two other types of ULEs: the ‘Context’ type, in which certain expressions may or may not be used unethically according to the context, and the ‘Content’ type, which can not be considered unethical linguistic expression in of itself, but its related content can be unethical linguistic expression overall. Therefore, this study identifies that the word-based unethical linguistic expression is classified into five types such as ‘swear words’, ‘vulgar words’, ‘derogatory slang’, ‘context’, and ‘content’, and each of these characteristics and examples were reviewed extensively.

Thiol의 친핵성 첨가물의 합성(제Ⅸ보) (Diacylivinylaryloxy)acetic acid 유도체와 그 Thioglycolic Acid 참가생성물의 합성

한인섭,김태린,허태성,최재희 聖心女子大學校 1989 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

이뇨작용 및 항종양효과가 있으리라고 예상되는 (acetylbenzoylvinyloxy)acetic acid 유도체(3a-3d)와 (dibenzoylvinylaryloxy)acetic acid 유도체 (3e-3h) 및 이들의 thioglycolic acid 첨가생성물(4a-4h)을 합성하였다. (dibenzoylvinylaryloxy)acetic acid 유도체는 hydroxybenzaldehyde 유도체로부터 monochloroacetic acid를 이용하여 2단계 반응으로 합성하였다. (Acetylbenzoylvinyloxy)acetic acid derivatives(3a-3d), (dibenzoylvinylaryloxy) acetic acid dervatives(3e-3h) and their thioglycolic acid adducts(4a-4h) which are expected to have diurectic activities and antitumour effect were synthesized. (Diacylvinylaryloxy)acetic acid derivatives wer prepared from hydoxybenzaldehyde derivatives via two step reaction employing monochloraccetic acid.

Kinetics and Mechanism of the Hydrolysis of N-(Benzenesulfonyl) benzimidoyl Chlorides

Kim, Tae-Rin,Kwon, Hyo-Shik Korean Chemical Society 1988 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.9 No.3

The rates of hydrolysis of N-(benzenesulfonyl) benzimidoyl chlorides (p-H, $p-CH_3,\;p-CH_3,\;p-NO_2\;and m-NO_2$) have been measured by UV spectrometry in 60% methanol-water at $25^{\circ}C$ and a rate equation which can be applied over wide pH range was obtained. Below pH 7.00, the substituent effect on the hydrolysis rate of N-(benzenesulfonyl) benzimidoyl chloride was found to conform to the Hammett ${\sigma}$ constant with ${\rho}$ = -0.91, whereas above pH 9.00, with ${\rho}$ = 0.94. On the basis of the rate equation obtained and the effect of solvent, substituents and salt, the following reaction mechanism were proposed; below pH 7.00, the hydrolysis of N-(benzenesulfonyl) benzimidoyl chloride proceeds by $S_N1$ mechanism, however, above pH 9.00, the hydrolysis is initiated by the attack of the hydroxide ion and in the range of pH 7.00-9.00, these two reactions occur competitively.

Cryptotanshinone enhances TNF-α-induced apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia KBM-5 cells

Kim, Ji-Hyun,Jeong, Soo-Jin,Kwon, Tae-Rin,Yun, Sun-Mi,Jung, Ji Hoon,Kim, Minseok,Lee, Hyo-Jung,Lee, Min-Ho,Ko, Seong Gyu,Chen, Chang-Yan,Kim, Sung-Hoon Springer-Verlag 2011 Apoptosis Vol.16 No.7

The Assessment of Exposure Dose of Radiation Workers for Decommissioning Waste in the Radioactive Waste Inspection Building of Low and Intermediate-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Facility

Rin-Ah Kim,Ho-Seog Dho,Tae-Man Kim,Chun-Hyung Cho 한국방사성폐기물학회 2020 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.18 No.2(E)

한국원자력환경공단은 처분시설 내 1단계 인수·저장구역의 인수검사 공간 및 드럼 취급 공간 부족에 대한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 방폐물검사건물을 건설하여 저장·처리능력을 확충할 예정이다. 본 연구에서는 MCNP 코드를 이용하여 방폐물검사 건물 내 저장구역에서 취급하는 해체 방사성폐기물 대상 신형처분용기를 대상으로 작업종사자의 피폭선량을 평가하였다. 평가결과, 시설 내 저장 가능한 최대 용기 개수(304개)와 방사선작업에 대한 연간 예상 작업시간(약 306시간)에 대하여 연간 집단선량은 총 84.8 man-mSv로 계산되었다. 시설 내 총 304개의 신형처분용기(소형/중형 타입)가 저장 완료된 시점에서 인수검사, 처분검사를 위한 작업종사자의 투입인력은 총 25명, 작업종사자 당 예상피폭선량은 연평균 3.39 mSv로 산출 되었다. 소형용기 취급 시 작업종사자의 고방사선량 작업에 따른 작업효율과 방사선적 안전성 확보를 위해서는 콘크리트 라이너의 두께를 증가시키는 추가적인 차폐가 필요할 것으로 평가되었다. 향후 본 연구를 바탕으로 실측기반의 해체폐기 물의 선원항과 특성을 활용하여 방사선작업 당 작업시간 및 투입인력을 산출함으로써 작업종사자의 최적의 방사선작업조건을 도출할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. The Korea Radioactive Waste Agency plans to expand the storage capacity of radioactive waste by constructing a radioactive waste inspecting building to solve the problem of the lack of inspection space and drum-handling space in the radioactive waste receipt and storage building for the first-stage disposal facility. In this study, the exposure doses of radiation workers that handle new disposal containers for decommissioning waste in the storage areas of the radioactive waste inspecting building were calculated using the Monte Carlo N-particle transport code. The annual collective dose was calculated as a total of 84.8 man-mSv for 304 new disposal containers and an estimated annual 306 working hours for the radiation work. When the 304 new disposal containers (small/medium type) were stored in the storage areas, it was found that 25 radiation workers should be involved in acceptance/disposal inspection, and the estimated exposure dose per worker was calculated as an average annual value of 3.39 mSv. When the radiation workers handle the small containers in high-radiation dose areas, the small containers should be shielded further by increasing the concrete liner thickness to improve the work efficiency and radiation safety of the radiation workers. The results of this study will be useful in establishing the optimal radiation working conditions for radiation workers using the source term and characteristics of decommissioning waste based on actual measurements.

Preliminary Evaluation of the Exposure Dose of Radiation Workers for Decommissioning Waste in the Additional Storage Building at the Gyeongju LILW Disposal Facility

Rin-Ah Kim,Ho-Seog Dho,Tae-Man Kim,Chun-Hyung Cho 한국방사성폐기물학회 2020 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.2020 No.07

Polydeoxyribonucleotides Improve Diabetic Wound Healing in Mouse Animal Model for Experimental Validation

( Tae-rin Kwon ),( Sung Won Han ),( Jong Hwan Kim ),( Byung Chul Lee ),( Jae Min Kim ),( Ji Yeon Hong ),( Beom Joon Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2019 Annals of Dermatology Vol.31 No.4

Background: Wound healing mechanisms is believed to have effects similar to wound healing disorders in diabetic patients, including abnormal inflammatory cells, angiogenesis disorders, and reduced collagen synthesis. Therefore, reestablishment of structural and promoted angiogenesis could be beneficial to promote wound healing process. Objective: Therefore, we investigated whether the polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) that was self-production in Korea, could be useful as an intradermal injection for promoting wound healing. Also, we validate for wound healing effect of PDRN using healing-impaired (db/db) mice. Methods: In this study, we confirmed the effects of PDRN by creating wound models in in vitro and in vivo model. Using an in vitro wound healing assay, we observed that PDRN stimulated closure of wounded monolayers of human fibroblast cells. PDRN (8.25 mg/ml) or phosphate-buffered saline (0.9% NaCl) was injected once daily into the dermis adjacent to the wound for 12 days after skin injury. Results: Time course observations revealed that mice treated with PDRN showed accelerated wound closure and epidermal and dermal regeneration, enhanced angiogenesis. The wound area and depth decreased at 3, 6, 9, and 12 days after skin injury. Histological evaluation showed an increase of vascular endothelial growth factor, CD31, and collagen fibers in the PDRN group compared with the control group, indicating that PDRN was effective in the treatment of delayed wound healing caused by diabetes. Conclusion: This study suggests that our PDRN has a wound healing effect in transgenic animal models with cells and diabetes through angiogenesis. (Ann Dermatol 31(4) 403∼413, 2019)

Dendritic Cell Activation by Glucan Isolated from Umbilicaria Esculenta

Kim, Hyung-Sook,Kim, Jee-Youn,Lee, Hong-Kyung,Kim, Moo-Sung,Lee, Sang-Rin,Kang, Jong-Soon,Kim, Hwan-Mook,Lee, Kyung-Ae,Hong, Jin-Tae,Kim, Young-Soo,Han, Sang-Bae The Korean Association of Immunobiologists 2010 Immune Network Vol.10 No.6

Background: Lichen-derived glucans have been known to stimulate the functions of immune cells. However, immunostimulatory activity of glucan obtained from edible lichen, Umbilicaria esculenta, has not been reported. Thus we evaluated the phenotype and functional maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) following treatment of extracted glucan (PUE). Methods: The phenotypic and functional maturation of PUE-treated DCs was assessed by flow cytometric analysis and cytokine production, respectively. PUE-treated DCs was also used for mixed leukocyte reaction to evaluate T cell-priming capacity. Finally we detected the activation of MAPK and NF-${\kappa}B$ by immunoblot. Results: Phenotypic maturation of DCs was shown by the elevated expressions of CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC class I/II molecules. Functional activation of DCs was proved by increased cytokine production of IL-12, IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IFN-${\alpha}/{\beta}$, decreased endocytosis, and enhanced proliferation of allogenic T cells. Polymyxin B, specific inhibitor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), did not affect PUE activity, which suggested that PUE was free of LPS contamination. As a mechanism of action, PUE increased phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPKs, and enhanced nuclear translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ p50/p65 in DCs. Conclusion: These results indicate that PUE induced DC maturation via MAPK and NF-${\kappa}B$ signaling pathways.

Application of 630-nm and 850-nm Light-emitting Diodes and Microcurrent to Accelerate Collagen and Elastin Deposition in Porcine Skin

Tae-Rin Kwon,Dong Wook Moon,Jungwook Kim,Hyoung Jun Kim,Seong Jae Lee,Yunhee Han,Hee Won Dan,Sang Hoon Chi,Hwan Mo Seong,Hee Jung Kim,Guei-Sam Lim,Jungkwan Lee 대한의학레이저학회 2021 MEDICAL LASERS Vol.10 No.2

Background and Objectives: Skin aging is reportedly associated with regulation in collagen and elastin synthesis. This study investigated the potential of combining light-emitting diode (LED) treatments using a 630-nm and 850-nm LED with simultaneous microcurrent application. Materials and Methods: The dorsal skin of female pigs was treated with a home-use device. We examined the treatment effects using photography, thermocamera, microscopic pathology, and histological examination to determine the mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety of the procedure. A histological observation was performed using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome, Victoria blue, and immunohistochemical staining. We also used the Sircol soluble collagen and elastin assay kit to measure the amounts of collagen and elastin in the porcine back skin tissue after 2 and 6 weeks. Results: Evaluation by visual inspection and devices showed no skin damage or heat-induced injury at the treatment site. Histological staining revealed that accurate treatment of the targeted dermis layer effectively enhanced collagen and elastin deposition. Collagen type I, a protein defined by immunohistochemical staining, was overexpressed in the early stages of weeks 2 and 6. Combined therapy findings showed the superior capability of the 630-nm and 850-nm LED procedures to induce collagen; in contrast, elastin induction was more pronounced after microcurrent treatments. Conclusion: The home-use LED device, comprising a combination of 630-nm and 850-nm LEDs and microcurrent, is safe and can be used as an adjunctive treatment for self-administered facial rejuvenation.

Losses of Biomass and Mineral Nutrients during Decomposition of Herbaceous Plants in Riverine Wetlands

Kim, Sa-Rin,Kim, Jae-Geun,Ju, Eun-Jeong,Lee, Yang-Woo,Lee, Bo-Ah,Kim, Heung-Tae,Nam, Jong-Min The Ecological Society of Korea 2006 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.29 No.5

The composition changes of litters were investigated to figure out the effects of the decomposition of Humulus japonicus on nutrient circulation and decomposition process in the riverine wetlands: Tan stream and Amsa-dong. Litterbags (mesh size 1 mm and 5 mm) were installed to monitor mass and nutrient changes of 5 types of litters: H. japanicus only, Miscanthus sacchariflarus only, Phragmites communis only, mixed litters including H. japonicus, and mixed litters without H. japonicus for 7 months. It was shown that k (decay rate) of the H. japanicus ($2.68{\sim}3.12$) was higher than that of M. sacchariflorus ($1.83{\sim}2.16$) and P. communis ($0.02{\sim}1.18$). The mass and organic remainings of the mixed litters including H. japonicus at Tan stream were $47.0{\sim}55.1%\;and\;47.0{\sim}54.9%$ and those of the litterbags without H. japanicus were $49.2{\sim}65.4%\;and\;47.1{\sim}57.5%$, respectively. This result indicated that the nutrient circulation was faster at H. japanicus community than others. Ca, Na, Mg, K, P, C, N and H contents reduced to around $40{\sim}80%$ of original. However, Na concentration increased up to $407{\sim}584%$ at 100 days and decreased to $248{\sim}498%$ at the end of the experiment. Decomposition rates were similar between 1 mm and 5mm mesh size litterbags and this implies that plant litters in studied areas decomposed mainly by microbes rather than small animals. This study revealed that the fast growth of H. japonicus was resulted from fast decomposition in part: positive feedback of nutrient cycling.