Shear banding in crystallizing colloidal suspensions

Laura T. Shereda,Ronald G. Larson,Michael J. Solomon 한국유변학회 2010 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.22 No.4

We characterize the shear bands generated in simple shear flow of a crystallizing colloidal suspension. 35volume % suspensions of poly(methyl methacrylate) colloids of diameter 0.68mm were dispersed in the viscous solvent dioctyl phthalate and subjected to plane Couette flow. The equilibrium structure of this suspension was crystalline and flow accelerated its crystallization kinetics significantly. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and particle tracking were used to characterize the height-dependent velocity profile in the gap of the shear flow. Near each of the two boundary surfaces, a region of high shear rate flow was observed. A low shear rate region was observed at the center of the gap. The differences in the shear rate within the two banded regions were a function of the both the applied shear rate and strain. The effect of strain indicated that the shear band development was a transient phenomenon. We found that the boundary between the high shear rate and low shear rate regions correlated with the location of crystalline and amorphous regions in the gap of the shear cell, as visualized by confocal microscopy. Furthermore, the different local shear rates observed in the banded regions were consistent with the different viscosities of the amorphous and crystalline suspensions. The results demonstrate that shear banded flows accompany shear-induced colloidal crystallization, and that the bands exhibit transient behavior because the crystallization process itself is strain dependent.

SOME ASPECTS OF THE BIOLOGY OF Rana esculenta FROM MAKURDI, NIGERIA

S.G SOLOMON,V.T. OKOMODA,V. IORCHIHI 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2015 한국수산과학회 양식분과 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.5

Performance-based wind design of tall buildings: concepts, frameworks, and opportunities

Matiyas A. Bezabeh,Girma T. Bitsuamlak,Solomon Tesfamariam 한국풍공학회 2020 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.31 No.2

One of the next frontiers in structural wind engineering is the design of tall buildings using performance-based approaches. Currently, tall buildings are being designed using provisions in the building codes and standards to meet an acceptable level of public safety and serviceability. However, recent studies in wind and earthquake engineering have highlighted the conceptual and practical limitations of the code-oriented design methods. Performance-based wind design (PBWD) is the logical extension of the current wind design approaches to overcome these limitations. Towards the development of PBWD, in this paper, we systematically review the advances made in this field, highlight the research gaps, and provide a basis for future research. Initially, the anatomy of the Wind Loading Chain is presented, in which emphasis was given to the early works of Alan G. Davenport. Next, the current state of practice to design tall buildings for wind load is presented, and its limitations are highlighted. Following this, we critically review the state of development of PBWD. Our review on PBWD covers the existing design frameworks and studies conducted on the nonlinear response of structures under wind loads. Thereafter, to provide a basis for future research, the nonlinear response of simple yielding systems under long-duration turbulent wind loads is studied in two phases. The first phase investigates the issue of damage accumulation in conventional structural systems characterized by elastic-plastic, bilinear, pinching, degrading, and deteriorating hysteretic models. The second phase introduces methods to develop new performance objectives for PBWD based on joint peak and residual deformation demands. In this context, the utility of multi-variate demand modeling using copulas and kernel density estimation techniques is presented. This paper also presents joined fragility curves based on the results of incremental dynamic analysis. Subsequently, the efficiency of tuned mass dampers and self-centering systems in controlling the accumulation of damage in wind-excited structural systems are investigated. The role and the need for explicit modeling of uncertainties in PBWD are also discussed with a case study example. Lastly, two unified PBWD frameworks are proposed by adapting and revisiting the Wind Loading Chain. This paper concludes with a summary and a proposal for future research.

Crizotinib versus Chemotherapy in Asian Patients with ALK-Positive Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Makoto Nishio,김동완,Yi-Long Wu,Kazuhiko Nakagawa,Benjamin J. Solomon,Alice T. Shaw,Satoshi Hashigaki,Emiko Ohki,Tiziana Usari,Jolanda Paolini,Anna Polli,Keith D. Wilner,Tony Mok 대한암학회 2018 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.50 No.3

Purpose Crizotinib has demonstrated superior progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rates (ORRs) versus chemotherapy in previously treated and untreated patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We report the safety and efficacy of crizotinib in Asian subpopulations of two global phase III trials. Materials and Methods This analysis evaluated previously treated and untreated patients in two randomized, openlabel phase III trials of crizotinib versus chemotherapy in ALK-positive advanced NSCLC in second-line (PROFILE 1007) and first-line settings (PROFILE 1014). Efficacy and safety were analyzed by race in the intention-to-treat and “as-treated” populations for efficacy and safety endpoints, respectively. Results In previously treated (n=157) and untreated (n=157) Asian patients, PFS was statistically significantly longer with crizotinib versus chemotherapy (hazard ratio for PFS, 0.526; 95% confidence interval, 0.363 to 0.762; p < 0.001 and hazard ratio, 0.442; 95% confidence interval, 0.302 to 0.648; p < 0.001, respectively). Similar antitumor activity was seen in the non-Asian and overall populations. ORRs were statistically significantly higher with crizotinib versus chemotherapy in both Asian and non-Asian previously treated and untreated patients (p < 0.05). The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (any grade) with crizotinib were vision disorder, diarrhea, and nausea, which were observed at a comparable incidence across Asian and non-Asian populations, irrespective of previous treatment status. Most adverse events were mild to moderate in severity. Conclusion These data, currently the only analysis showing Asian and non-Asian populations in the same study, support the efficacy and safety of crizotinib in Asian patients with previously treated or untreated ALK-positive advanced NSCLC.

Non-destructive Methods to Determine Ripening Quality of Intact Muskmelon

( Tilahun,S. ),( M. H. Seo ),( H. R. Choi ),( D. S. Park ),( T. Solomon ),( C. S. Jeong ) 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 농업과학연구소) 2019 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.31 No.1

Muskmelons do not exhibit significant external evidence of ripening because of their hard and thick rinds, increasing the likelihood of purchasing an unripe fruit. In this study, the non-destructive estimation of fruit ripening quality of intact “Honey One” and “Earl’s Talent” muskmelon cultivars was examined. We analyzed the correlation between the major characteristics used for assessing ripening quality (firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), and titratable acidity) and stalk moisture and specific gravity. Moreover, partial least square (PLS) regression analysis was performed for the visible/near-infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy data and reference samples. The correlation coefficients (r) between stalk moisture and flesh firmness were 0.88 and 0.77 for the “Earl’s Talent” and “Honey One” cultivars, respectively. In addition, the specific gravity and flesh firmness of the fruits were negatively correlated; r = -0.65 and r = -0.63 for the “Honey One” and “Earl’s Talent” cultivars, respectively. Moreover, the PLS analysis of the calibration set revealed the determination coefficients (R²) of 0.73 and 0.54 for “Earl’s Talent” and “Honey One”, respectively, for firmness vs. Vis/NIR spectral values. In addition, the PLS analysis of the prediction set showed r² = 0.51 for “Honey One” and r² = 0.50 for “Earl’s Talent”. Hence, this study highlighted the possibility of using the status of fruit stalk, specific gravity, and Vis/NIR spectra to predict the ripening quality of muskmelons. However, further studies are necessary to develop more robust non-destructive methods for the estimation of the ripening quality of intact muskmelons.

Non-destructive Methods to Determine Ripening Quality of Intact Muskmelon

시멜레스틸라훈,M. H. Seo,H. R. Choi,D. S. Park,T. Solomon,정천순 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2019 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.31 No.1

Muskmelons do not exhibit significant external evidence of ripening because of their hard and thick rinds, increasing the likelihood of purchasing an unripe fruit. In this study, the non-destructive estimation of fruit ripening quality of intact “Honey One” and “Earl’s Talent” muskmelon cultivars was examined. We analyzed the correlation between the major characteristics used for assessing ripening quality (firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), and titratable acidity) and stalk moisture and specific gravity. Moreover, partial least square (PLS) regression analysis was performed for the visible/near-infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy data and reference samples. The correlation coefficients (r) between stalk moisture and flesh firmness were 0.88 and 0.77 for the “Earl’s Talent” and “Honey One” cultivars, respectively. In addition, the specific gravity and flesh firmness of the fruits were negatively correlated; r = -0.65 and r = -0.63 for the “Honey One” and “Earl’s Talent” cultivars, respectively. Moreover, the PLS analysis of the calibration set revealed the determination coefficients (R2) of 0.73 and 0.54 for “Earl’s Talent” and “Honey One”, respectively, for firmness vs. Vis/NIR spectral values. In addition, the PLS analysis of the prediction set showed r2 = 0.51 for “Honey One” and r2 = 0.50 for “Earl’s Talent”. Hence, this study highlighted the possibility of using the status of fruit stalk, specific gravity, and Vis/NIR spectra to predict the ripening quality of muskmelons. However, further studies are necessary to develop more robust non-destructive methods for the estimation of the ripening quality of intact muskmelons.

Endoscopic Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Brown Nolan J.,Pennington Zach,Kuo Cathleen C.,Lopez Alexander M.,Picton Bryce,Solomon Sean,Nguyen Oanh T.,Yang Chenyi,Tantry Evelyne K.,Shahin Hania,Gendreau Julian,Albano Stephen,Pham Martin H.,Oh M 대한척추외과학회 2023 Asian Spine Journal Vol.17 No.6

Laparoscopic anterior lumbar interbody fusion (L-ALIF), which employs laparoscopic cameras to facilitate a less invasive approach, originally gained traction during the 1990s but has subsequently fallen out of favor. As the envelope for endoscopic approaches continues to be pushed, a recurrence of interest in laparoscopic and/or endoscopic anterior approaches seems possible. Therefore, evaluating the current evidence base in regard to this approach is of much clinical relevance. To this end, a systematic literature search was performed according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines using the following keywords: “(laparoscopic OR endoscopic) AND (anterior AND lumbar).” Out of the 441 articles retrieved, 22 were selected for quantitative analysis. The primary outcome of interest was the radiographic fusion rate. The secondary outcome was the incidence of perioperative complications. Meta-analysis was performed using RStudio’s “metafor” package. Of the 1,079 included patients (mean age, 41.8±2.9 years), 481 were males (44.6%). The most common indication for L-ALIF surgery was degenerative disk disease (reported by 18 studies, 81.8%). The mean follow-up duration was 18.8±11.2 months (range, 6–43 months). The pooled fusion rate was 78.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 68.9–90.4). Complications occurred in 19.2% (95% CI, 13.4–27.4) of L-ALIF cases. Additionally, 7.2% (95% CI, 4.6–11.4) of patients required conversion from L-ALIF to open surgery. Although L-ALIF does not appear to be supported by studies available in the literature, it is important to consider the context from which these results have been obtained. Even if these results are taken at face value, the failure of endoscopy to have a role in the ALIF approach does not mean that it should not be incorporated in posterior approaches.

Imaging Neuror eceptors in the Living Human Brain

Wagner, Henry N.,Dannals, Robert F.,Frost, J. James,Wong, Dean F.,Ravert, Hayden T.,Wilson, Alan A.,Links, Jonathan M.,Burns, H. Donald,Kuhar, Michael J.,Snyder, Solomon H. 대한핵의학회 1984 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.18 No.2