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Good Scalability of Study of Spin Torque Transfer MRAMs with Perpendicular Magnetization MTJs
H. Yoda,T. Kishi,T. Nagase,M. Yoshikawa,E. Kitagawa,T. Daibou,K. Nishiyama,T. Kai,N. Shimomura,M. Nakayama,M. Amano,H. Aikawa,S. Takahashi,S. Ikegawa,M. Nagamine,J. Ozeki,S. Yuasa,Y. Nakatani,M. Oogan 한국자기학회 2008 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.- No.-
Chen, Kai Yu,Kim, In Hwan,Hou, Ching T.,Watanabe, Yomi,Kim, Hak-Ryul American Chemical Society, Books and Journals Divi 2019 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.67 No.29
<P>Conversion of free fatty acids into monoacylglycerol gives rise to new structural properties, particularly amphipathic property. Therefore, monoacylglycerols are widely used in pharmaceutical and food industries and are also reported to facilitate better absorption into the human body. A functional fatty acid when transformed into a monoacylglycerol will possibly conserve both the original functionality and amphipathic property. The compound 7,10-dihydroxy-8(<I>E</I>)-octadecenoic acid (DOD) was generated from oleic acid by <I>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</I> PR3 and was known to contain antimicrobial activities against a broad range of food-borne and plant pathogenic bacteria. Here, we attempted to convert DOD into its monoacylglycerol form using lipase for producing an amphipathic antibacterial agent. Consequently, the monoacylglycerol of DOD (DOD-MAG) was successfully produced by coincubating DOD, glycerol, and lipase at 30 °C. The maximum conversion yield reached 70% after 12 h of incubation. Antibacterial activity of DOD-MAG was enhanced by 8 times from the original activity of DOD against food-borne bacteria.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
EXTERNAL COSTS OF INLAND CONTAINER TRANSPORTATION
Paul T-W Lee,Kai-Chieh Hu,Tao Chen,Jo-Ping Hsiung 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2008 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.3
This paper aims to explore the external costs of inland container transportation in Taiwan, by analyzing the origin and destination of current container cargo in Taiwan, after reviewing an extensive literature survey of methods of external costs. A comparison of external costs between truck and SSS by corridor is made by using a model developed in this paper. Based on the findings that external costs of SSS is considerably lower than truck transport mode and can be an alternative of modal split for current inland container cargo transportation, we discuss the significance and managerial implications of SSS from the perspective of green logistics. In so doing, a top-down approach is employed for developing government policies, which aim to not only reduce the external costs of inland container transportation but also promote SSS in Taiwan.
Su, Xinhui,Cheng, Kai,Jeon, Jongho,Shen, Bin,Venturin, Gianina Teribele,Hu, Xiang,Rao, Jianghong,Chin, Frederick T.,Wu, Hua,Cheng, Zhen American Chemical Society 2014 MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS Vol.11 No.11
<P>The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) serves as an attractive target for cancer molecular imaging and therapy. Our previous positron emission tomography (PET) studies showed that the EGFR-targeting affibody molecules <SUP>64</SUP>Cu-DOTA-Z<SUB>EGFR:1907</SUB> and <SUP>18</SUP>F-FBEM-Z<SUB>EGFR:1907</SUB> can discriminate between high and low EGFR-expression tumors and have the potential for patient selection for EGFR-targeted therapy. Compared with <SUP>64</SUP>Cu, <SUP>18</SUP>F may improve imaging of EGFR-expression and is more suitable for clinical application, but the labeling reaction of <SUP>18</SUP>F-FBEM-Z<SUB>EGFR:1907</SUB> requires a long synthesis time. The aim of the present study is to develop a new generation of <SUP>18</SUP>F labeled affibody probes (Al<SUP>18</SUP>F-NOTA-Z<SUB>EGFR:1907</SUB> and <SUP>18</SUP>F-CBT-Z<SUB>EGFR:1907</SUB>) and to determine whether they are suitable agents for imaging of EGFR expression. The first approach consisted of conjugating Z<SUB>EGFR:1907</SUB> with NOTA and radiolabeling with Al<SUP>18</SUP>F to produce Al<SUP>18</SUP>F-NOTA-Z<SUB>EGFR:1907</SUB>. In a second approach the prosthetic group <SUP>18</SUP>F-labeled-2-cyanobenzothiazole (<SUP>18</SUP>F-CBT) was conjugated to Cys-Z<SUB>EGFR:1907</SUB> to produce <SUP>18</SUP>F-CBT-Z<SUB>EGFR:1907</SUB>. Binding affinity and specificity of Al<SUP>18</SUP>F-NOTA-Z<SUB>EGFR:1907</SUB> and <SUP>18</SUP>F-CBT-Z<SUB>EGFR:1907</SUB> to EGFR were evaluated using A431 cells. Biodistribution and PET studies were conducted on mice bearing A431 xenografts after injection of Al<SUP>18</SUP>F-NOTA-Z<SUB>EGFR:1907</SUB> or <SUP>18</SUP>F-CBT-Z<SUB>EGFR:1907</SUB> with or without coinjection of unlabeled affibody proteins. The radiosyntheses of Al<SUP>18</SUP>F-NOTA-Z<SUB>EGFR:1907</SUB> and <SUP>18</SUP>F-CBT-Z<SUB>EGFR:1907</SUB> were completed successfully within 40 and 120 min with a decay-corrected yield of 15% and 41% using a 2-step, 1-pot reaction and 2-step, 2-pot reaction, respectively. Both probes bound to EGFR with low nanomolar affinity in A431 cells. Although <SUP>18</SUP>F-CBT-Z<SUB>EGFR:1907</SUB> showed instability <I>in vivo</I>, biodistribution studies revealed rapid and high tumor accumulation and quick clearance from normal tissues except the bones. In contrast, Al<SUP>18</SUP>F-NOTA-Z<SUB>EGFR:1907</SUB> demonstrated high <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> stability, high tumor uptake, and relative low uptake in most of the normal organs except the liver and kidneys at 3 h after injection. The specificity of both probes for A431 tumors was confirmed by their lower uptake on coinjection of unlabeled affibody. PET studies showed that Al<SUP>18</SUP>F-NOTA-Z<SUB>EGFR:1907</SUB> and <SUP>18</SUP>F-CBT-Z<SUB>EGFR:1907</SUB> could clearly identify EGFR positive tumors with good contrast. Two strategies for <SUP>18</SUP>F-labeling of affibody molecules were successfully developed as two model platforms using NOTA or CBT coupling to affibody molecules that contain an N-terminal cysteine. Al<SUP>18</SUP>F-NOTA-Z<SUB>EGFR:1907</SUB> and <SUP>18</SUP>F-CBT-Z<SUB>EGFR:1907</SUB> can be reliably obtained in a relatively short time. Biodistribution and PET studies demonstrated that Al<SUP>18</SUP>F-NOTA-Z<SUB>EGFR:1907</SUB> is a promising PET probe for imaging EGFR expression in living mice.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/mpohbp/2014/mpohbp.2014.11.issue-11/mp5003043/production/images/medium/mp-2014-003043_0008.gif'></P>
Enhanced Phase Relaxation in a Hybrid Ferromagnet/Semiconductor System
Kuang Yao Chen,Chun-Kai Yang,N. Aoki,Y. Ochiai,Y. Ujiie,K. A. Cheng,Li-Hung Lin,C. F. Huang,Yu-Ru Li,Yen Shung Tseng,Po-Tsun Lin,Jau-Yang Wu,Sheng-Di Lin,C.-T. Liang 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.55 No.1
Hybrid ferromagnet/semiconductor systems have been the focus of considerable attention because of the transport properties of two-dimensional electron systems and their potential applications to magnetic storage and sensing devices. We use the weak localization effect to probe the dephasing mechanism at low temperatures. In our study, the zero-temperature phase-relaxation rate can be enhanced in a hybrid ferromagnet/semiconductor system, which may be due to the inhomogeneous magnetic field emanating from the Ni film. The result may improve understanding of the issue of zero-temperature dephasing in disordered systems. Hybrid ferromagnet/semiconductor systems have been the focus of considerable attention because of the transport properties of two-dimensional electron systems and their potential applications to magnetic storage and sensing devices. We use the weak localization effect to probe the dephasing mechanism at low temperatures. In our study, the zero-temperature phase-relaxation rate can be enhanced in a hybrid ferromagnet/semiconductor system, which may be due to the inhomogeneous magnetic field emanating from the Ni film. The result may improve understanding of the issue of zero-temperature dephasing in disordered systems.
Optimal Harvest-Use-Store Design for Delay-Constrained Energy Harvesting Wireless Communications
Fangchao Yuan,Shi Jin,Kai-Kit Wong,Q. T. Zhang,Hongbo Zhu 한국통신학회 2016 Journal of communications and networks Vol.18 No.6
Recent advances in energy harvesting (EH) technologyhave motivated the adoption of rechargeable mobile devicesfor communications. In this paper, we consider a point-to-point(P2P) wireless communication system in which an EH transmitterwith a non-ideal rechargeable battery is required to send agiven fixed number of bits to the receiver before they expire accordingto a preset delay constraint. Due to the possible energy lossin the storage process, the harvest-use-and-store (HUS) architectureis adopted. We characterize the properties of the optimal solutions,for additive white Gaussian channels (AWGNs) and thenblock-fading channels, that maximize the energy efficiency (i.e.,battery residual) subject to a given rate requirement. Interestingly,it is shown that the optimal solution has a water-filling interpretationwith double thresholds and that both thresholds are monotonic. Based on this, we investigate the optimal double-thresholdbased allocation policy and devise an algorithm to achieve thesolution. Numerical results are provided to validate the theoreticalanalysis and to compare the optimal solutions with existing schemes.
Jing-Han Chen,C.-T. Liang,D.H. Youn,Eun-Jin Lee,Gil-Ho Kim,Hun Park,Hyun-Ick Cho,Jung-Hee Lee,Jung-Kai Tsai,Jyun-Ying Lin,Y. F. Chen 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.48 No.6
AlGaN/GaN heterostructures have been attracting a great deal of interest because of their great potential applications as light-emitting-diodes, high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs), and detectors operating in the visible-to-ultraviolet range. The performances of these devices are governed by the electronic properties of the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) formed at the interface of AlGaN/GaN heterostructure. In this work, we report transport measurements for an AlGaN/GaN 2DEG as functions of the magnetic field B over a wide range of temperature (4.682 K T 80 K). At the highest measurement temperature of 80 K, the longitudinal resistance is nominally Bindependent, compelling experimental evidence for Drude-Boltzmann-like transport in a 2D system.