[Focus] 중국 군사력 평가에 대한 다섯가지 가정의 오류

M.Swaine(M.Swaine) 한국전략문제연구소 1997 전략연구 Vol.4 No.2

RAND 산하 아태정책연구소의 M. Swaine 소장은 최근 WP지(5. 18 자 ) 기고문을 통해 중국을 바라보는 세계의 시각이 혼란스러운 경향을 보이는 가운데 중국의 군현대화 추진이 아시아 평화에 중대 위협이라는 내용의 5가지 잘못된 가정이 제기되고 있다고 지적하면서 이런한 견해는 사태를 과장 평가한것이며 미 국익에도 부합되지 않는다고 주잗

Fuel Management and Experimental Wildfire Effects on Forest Structure, Tree Mortality and Soil Chemistry in Tropical Dry Forests in Ghana

Barnes, Victor R,Swaine, Mike D,Pinard, Michelle A,Kyereh, Boateng Institute of Forest Science 2017 Journal of Forest Science Vol.33 No.3

The effects of application of fuel-reduction treatment in wildfire management has not been tested in dry forests of Ghana. Therefore, the short-term ecological effects of prescribed burning and hand thinning treatments followed by experimental wildfire were investigated in degraded forests and Tectona grandis forest plantations in two forest reserves of different levels of dryness in Ghana. The results showed that more trees were killed in prescribed burning (average of 41% in degraded forest and 18% in plantations) than hand thinning (7.2% in degraded forests and 8% in plantation). More tree seedlings were also killed in prescribed burning (72%) than hand thinning (47%). The mortality of trees and seedlings were greater in Worobong South forest, a less dry forest reserve than the Afram Headwaters forest, a drier forest reserve. Fuel treatment especially prescribed burning compared to the control reduced wildfire effects on forest canopy particularly in the less dry forest and tree mortality especially in the drier forest. Prescribed burning temporarily increased pH, exchangeable potassium (52%) and available phosphorus (82%) in the surface soils of the entire plots. The two fuel treatment methods did not have much influence on basal area, organic matter and total nitrogen. Nevertheless, they were able to reduce the adverse wildfire effects on soil pH, exchangeable potassium, available phosphorus, organic matter and total nitrogen concentrations. Fuel treatments therefore have potential application in dry forest management in Ghana due to their ability to retain important forest ecological traits after a wildfire incidence.

Fuel Management in Ghana's Tropical Forests: Implications on Implementation Cost, Fuel Loading and Fire Behaviour

Barnes, Victor Rex,Swaine, Mike D.,Pinard, Michelle A.,Kyereh, Boateng Institute of Forest Science 2020 Journal of Forest Science Vol.36 No.4

Fuel management can play enormous role in fire management in tropical dry forests. However, unlike the temperate forests, knowledge on implications of different fuel management methods in tropical forests is often inadequate. In this study, the implications of prescribed burning and hand thinning treatments on implementation cost, fuel loading and post-treatment fire behaviour were tested and compared in degraded forests and teak plantations in two forest reserves of different levels of dryness in Ghana. The study found that prescribed burning was less expensive (62.02 US Dollars ha-1) than hand thinning (95.37 US Dollars ha-1). The study also indicated that the two fuel management methods were able to reduce fuel loading in degraded forests and teak plantations. However, prescribed burning was more effective in reducing fuel loading than hand thinning. While the relative change of fuel reduction was 13% higher in prescribed burning than the hand thinning in degraded forest, it was 41% higher in prescribed burning than hand thinning in teak plantations. The fire behaviour of post-treatment experimental fire was also lower in prescribed burning than the hand thinning and control plots. Fuel management, therefore, has a great potential in fire management in degraded forests and teak plantations in Ghana.

Fuel Management and Experimental Wildfire Effects on Forest Structure, Tree Mortality and Soil Chemistry in Tropical Dry Forests in Ghana

Victor R Barnes,Mike D Swaine,Michelle A Pinard,Boateng Kyereh 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2017 Journal of Forest Science Vol.33 No.3

The effects of application of fuel-reduction treatment in wildfire management has not been tested in dry forests of Ghana. Therefore, the short-term ecological effects of prescribed burning and hand thinning treatments followed by experimental wildfire were investigated in degraded forests and Tectona grandis forest plantations in two forest reserves of different levels of dryness in Ghana. The results showed that more trees were killed in prescribed burning (average of 41% in degraded forest and 18% in plantations) than hand thinning (7.2% in degraded forests and 8% in plantation). More tree seedlings were also killed in prescribed burning (72%) than hand thinning (47%). The mortality of trees and seedlings were greater in Worobong South forest, a less dry forest reserve than the Afram Headwaters forest, a drier forest reserve. Fuel treatment especially prescribed burning compared to the control reduced wildfire effects on forest canopy particularly in the less dry forest and tree mortality especially in the drier forest. Prescribed burning temporarily increased pH, exchangeable potassium (52%) and available phosphorus (82%) in the surface soils of the entire plots. The two fuel treatment methods did not have much influence on basal area, organic matter and total nitrogen. Nevertheless, they were able to reduce the adverse wildfire effects on soil pH, exchangeable potassium, available phosphorus, organic matter and total nitrogen concentrations. Fuel treatments therefore have potential application in dry forest management in Ghana due to their ability to retain important forest ecological traits after a wildfire incidence.

[PA-0018] High quality genome assembly of Brassica tournefortii

Mia L. Swain(Mia L. Swain ),Johnathon Lomas(Johnathon Lomas ),John C. Cushman(John C. Cushman ),Won C. Yim(Won C. Yim ) 한국육종학회 2022 한국육종학회 공동학술발표집 Vol.2022 No.-

CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ nanocubes-array for solar cell application

Swain, Bhabani Sankar,Sheikh, Md. Abdul Kuddus,Singh, Son,Abdur, Rahim,Jeong, Daekyun,Lee, Jaegab Elsevier 2018 Materials science in semiconductor processing Vol.74 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Methyl-ammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr<SUB>3</SUB>) is currently studying due to its potential application to high open circuit voltage photovoltaic device. Due to the limited solubility of methyl ammonium bromide (MABr) in iso-propyl alcohol (IPA), the MAPbBr<SUB>3</SUB> was only fabricated by one step (1-step) spin coating process. In this article, we alternatively used ethanol and methanol as solvent to dissolve MABr to fabricate MAPbBr<SUB>3</SUB> films by two steps (2-steps) spin coating process. As a result, we observed a dense, closed stacked and aligned perovskite nanocubes array using a varying concentration of MABr and waiting time. Our best device with an architecture of FTO/TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/MAPbBr<SUB>3</SUB>/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au shows a current density of 9.31mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, open circuit voltage of 1.05V, and fill factor of 0.58 with a power conversion efficiency of 5.70%. We were optimistic that these MAPbBr<SUB>3</SUB> nanocube arrays would be applicable to solar cell as well as other optoelectronic devices such as photodetector, light emitting diode and X-ray scintillator.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Treatment of indium-tin-oxide etching wastewater and recovery of In, Mo, Sn and Cu by liquid–liquid extraction and wet chemical reduction: a laboratory scale sustainable commercial green process

Swain, Basudev,Mishra, Chinmayee,Hong, Hyun Seon,Cho, Sung-Soo The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 GREEN CHEMISTRY Vol.17 No.8

<▼1><P>A sustainable commercial green process for treatment and recovery of ITO etching wastewater by liquid–liquid extraction and wet chemical reduction.</P></▼1><▼2><P>A laboratory scale sustainable commercial green process for treatment of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) etching wastewater and total recovery of In, Mo, Sn and Cu by combination of liquid–liquid extraction and wet chemical reduction has been developed. The ITO etching wastewater is a threat to the ecosystem and human health, containing significant amounts of valuable metals like In and Cu. Metals and 100 nm Cu nanopowder with 5N purity have been recovered. The developed process concurrently treats the ITO etching wastewater and recovers pure metals. By this process, Mo and Sn are recovered by liquid–liquid extraction, and In is recovered through liquid–liquid extraction followed by wet chemical reduction. Value added semiconductor industry grade Cu nanopowder is recovered through wet chemical reduction using ascorbic acid. After a series of treatments, the wastewater is free of pollutants, worthy of use in the same industry or can be disposed of. The process is a sustainable, green, versatile and flexible process.</P></▼2>

Understanding the isothermal growth kinetics of cdse quantum dots through microfluidic reactor assisted combinatorial synthesis

Swain, B.,Hong, M. H.,Kang, L. S.,Lee, C. G. Korean Physical Society 2016 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.69 No.9

<P>With the use of a microfluidic-assisted combinatorial reactor, the synthesis of CdSe quantum dots was optimized by varying one parameter at a time, and the isothermal growth kinetics of CdSe quantum dots using various models was analyzed. To understand precisely the nucleation and growth characteristics of CdSe quantum dots (QDs), we synthesized the CdSe QDs using various experimental conditions. Different model equations, like acceleratory growth-time curves, sigmoidal growth-time curves or Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK), acceleratory growthtime curves based on diffusion, geometric model growth-time curves, and n(th) order growth-time curves were fitted. Among all growth models, the JMAK model with , and n = 1 was the best fitting model with the MATLAB interactive curve-fitting procedure were used. Errors associated with the best-fitting model and statistics for the goodness of fit were analyzed. Most of the models were not as good as the other than the proposed model. The errors associated with the proposed model were minimal, and the growth kinetics and other associated statistical factors are very similar, for all the variables investigated. The minimal error associated with the reproducibility and the similar data for growth kinetics for all studied parameters indicated that microfluidic-assisted combinatorial synthesis can be used in the industrial production of QDs. By using the proposed model to obtain an understanding of growth of QDs, their size and properties can be managed and simulated.</P>

Optimization of CdSe nanocrystals synthesis with a microfluidic reactor and development of combinatorial synthesis process for industrial production

Swain, B.,Hong, M.H.,Kang, L.,Kim, B.S.,Kim, N.H.,Lee, C.G. Elsevier 2017 Chemical engineering journal Vol.308 No.-

A lab scale microfluidic reactor with computer-controlled programmable isocratic pumps and online detectors was employed to syntheses CdSe nanocrystal and operational parameters for lab scale microfluidic reactor were optimized. Three reaction parameters, viz. the reaction time, the [Cd]/[Se] molar concentration ratio, and the precursor concentrations, were optimized for optical characteristics, the particle diameter, and product yield. The average time corresponding to each reaction condition for obtaining the ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorbance and photoluminescence spectra was approximately 10min. Based on lab scale microfluidic reactor a combinatorial reactor for synthesis CdSe on commercial interest has been redesigned and reproducibility of the CdSe synthesis, diameter size, and product yield were verified at the obtained condition from the lab scale synthesis. Using the data from the combinatorial synthesis system, the effects of the reaction conditions on the synthesized CdSe nanocrystals and their yield were elucidated. Further, the data were used to determine the relationships between the reaction conditions, the CdSe particle diameter, and the product yield. Advantages of reported synthesis are, unlikely, other reported processes instead of batch scale operation, the combinatorial synthesis system can be used for continuous production, if required. Through the process, controlling the precursor concentration, flow rate, and other physical and instrumental parameter, desired sized NCs can be synthesized precisely, which is a remarkable aspect of the combinatorial synthesis reported here. Depending upon the requirement, automation can be done for preciseness, reproducibility and mass production of the NCs.

Effect of Allyl Modified/Silane Modified Multiwalled Carbon Nano Tubes on the Electrical Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Composites

Swain, Sarojini,Sharma, Ram Avatar,Patil, Sandip,Bhattacharya, Subhendu,Gadiyaram, Srinivasa Pavan,Chaudhari, Lokesh The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2012 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.13 No.6

Considering the properties of the carbon nano tubes (CNT), their inclusion into the polymer matrix vastly increases the properties of the resultant composite. However, this is not the case due to the poor interfacial adhesion of the CNT and the polymer matrix. The present approach focuses on increasing the interaction between the polymer matrix and the CNT through the chemical modification of the CNT resulting in allyl ester functionalized carbon nanotubes (ACNT) and silane functionalized carbon nano tubes (SCNT) which are capable of reacting with the polymer matrix during the curing reaction. The addition of ACNT/SCNT into unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) resulted in the improvement of the electrical properties of resulted nanocomposites in comparison to the CNT. The surface resistivity, volume resistivity, dielectric strength, dry arc resistivity, and the comparative tracking index of the nanocomposites were significantly improved in comparison to CNT. The chemical modification of CNT was confirmed via spectroscopy.