중국 군사력 평가에 대한 다섯가지 가정의 오류

Swaine, M. 한국전략문제연구소 1997 전략연구 Vol.4 No.2

RAND 산하 아태정책연구소의 M. Swaine 소장은 최근 WP지(5. 18 자)기고문을 통해 중국을 바라보는 세계의 시각이 혼란스러운 경향을 보이는 가운데 중국의 군현대화 추진이 아시아 평화에 중대 위협이라는 내용의 5가지 잘못된 가정이 제기되고 있다고 지적하면서 이런한 견해는 사태를 과장 평가한것이며 미 국익에도 부합되지 않는다고 주장

Fuel Management in Ghana's Tropical Forests: Implications on Implementation Cost, Fuel Loading and Fire Behaviour

Barnes, Victor Rex,Swaine, Mike D.,Pinard, Michelle A.,Kyereh, Boateng Institute of Forest Science 2020 Journal of Forest Science Vol.36 No.4

Fuel management can play enormous role in fire management in tropical dry forests. However, unlike the temperate forests, knowledge on implications of different fuel management methods in tropical forests is often inadequate. In this study, the implications of prescribed burning and hand thinning treatments on implementation cost, fuel loading and post-treatment fire behaviour were tested and compared in degraded forests and teak plantations in two forest reserves of different levels of dryness in Ghana. The study found that prescribed burning was less expensive (62.02 US Dollars ha-1) than hand thinning (95.37 US Dollars ha-1). The study also indicated that the two fuel management methods were able to reduce fuel loading in degraded forests and teak plantations. However, prescribed burning was more effective in reducing fuel loading than hand thinning. While the relative change of fuel reduction was 13% higher in prescribed burning than the hand thinning in degraded forest, it was 41% higher in prescribed burning than hand thinning in teak plantations. The fire behaviour of post-treatment experimental fire was also lower in prescribed burning than the hand thinning and control plots. Fuel management, therefore, has a great potential in fire management in degraded forests and teak plantations in Ghana.

Fuel Management and Experimental Wildfire Effects on Forest Structure, Tree Mortality and Soil Chemistry in Tropical Dry Forests in Ghana

Barnes, Victor R,Swaine, Mike D,Pinard, Michelle A,Kyereh, Boateng Institute of Forest Science 2017 Journal of Forest Science Vol.33 No.3

The effects of application of fuel-reduction treatment in wildfire management has not been tested in dry forests of Ghana. Therefore, the short-term ecological effects of prescribed burning and hand thinning treatments followed by experimental wildfire were investigated in degraded forests and Tectona grandis forest plantations in two forest reserves of different levels of dryness in Ghana. The results showed that more trees were killed in prescribed burning (average of 41% in degraded forest and 18% in plantations) than hand thinning (7.2% in degraded forests and 8% in plantation). More tree seedlings were also killed in prescribed burning (72%) than hand thinning (47%). The mortality of trees and seedlings were greater in Worobong South forest, a less dry forest reserve than the Afram Headwaters forest, a drier forest reserve. Fuel treatment especially prescribed burning compared to the control reduced wildfire effects on forest canopy particularly in the less dry forest and tree mortality especially in the drier forest. Prescribed burning temporarily increased pH, exchangeable potassium (52%) and available phosphorus (82%) in the surface soils of the entire plots. The two fuel treatment methods did not have much influence on basal area, organic matter and total nitrogen. Nevertheless, they were able to reduce the adverse wildfire effects on soil pH, exchangeable potassium, available phosphorus, organic matter and total nitrogen concentrations. Fuel treatments therefore have potential application in dry forest management in Ghana due to their ability to retain important forest ecological traits after a wildfire incidence.

Fuel Management and Experimental Wildfire Effects on Forest Structure, Tree Mortality and Soil Chemistry in Tropical Dry Forests in Ghana

Victor R Barnes,Mike D Swaine,Michelle A Pinard,Boateng Kyereh 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2017 Journal of Forest Science Vol.33 No.3

The effects of application of fuel-reduction treatment in wildfire management has not been tested in dry forests of Ghana. Therefore, the short-term ecological effects of prescribed burning and hand thinning treatments followed by experimental wildfire were investigated in degraded forests and Tectona grandis forest plantations in two forest reserves of different levels of dryness in Ghana. The results showed that more trees were killed in prescribed burning (average of 41% in degraded forest and 18% in plantations) than hand thinning (7.2% in degraded forests and 8% in plantation). More tree seedlings were also killed in prescribed burning (72%) than hand thinning (47%). The mortality of trees and seedlings were greater in Worobong South forest, a less dry forest reserve than the Afram Headwaters forest, a drier forest reserve. Fuel treatment especially prescribed burning compared to the control reduced wildfire effects on forest canopy particularly in the less dry forest and tree mortality especially in the drier forest. Prescribed burning temporarily increased pH, exchangeable potassium (52%) and available phosphorus (82%) in the surface soils of the entire plots. The two fuel treatment methods did not have much influence on basal area, organic matter and total nitrogen. Nevertheless, they were able to reduce the adverse wildfire effects on soil pH, exchangeable potassium, available phosphorus, organic matter and total nitrogen concentrations. Fuel treatments therefore have potential application in dry forest management in Ghana due to their ability to retain important forest ecological traits after a wildfire incidence.

[PA-0018] High quality genome assembly of Brassica tournefortii

Mia L. Swain(Mia L. Swain ),Johnathon Lomas(Johnathon Lomas ),John C. Cushman(John C. Cushman ),Won C. Yim(Won C. Yim ) 한국육종학회 2022 한국육종학회 공동학술발표집 Vol.2022 No.-

Plasma Amino Acid Status of Crossbred Heifers Fed Two Levels of Dietary Protein and its Relationship to Puberty Onset

Swain, R.K.,Kaur, Harjit Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.12

Twelve prepubertal Karan Fries heifers (15 months, $167.7{\pm}13.5kg$) were divided into two equal groups. Group 1 was fed as per NRC requirements and group 2 was fed 20% more protein than group 1 heifers. The experimental feeding was continued until the onset of puberty in both the groups. Blood samples were collected at fortnightly intervals and analyzed for amino acids using HPLC. Group 1 and 2 heifers required $178.6{\pm}33.8$ and $152.8{\pm}33.2$ days of experimental feeding to exhibit first estrus resulting in total age at puberty as $639.4{\pm}27.3$ and $618.6{\pm}24.6$ days in the two groups respectively. The concentration of total amino acids averaged 4.40 and 4.89 mmol/l and those of non-essential amino acids (NEAA) was 2.32 and 2.49 mmol/l in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The concentration of plasma essential amino acids i.e. histidine, threonine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine were higher (p<0.01) in group 2 than group 1. Plasma concentration of large neutral amino acids (LNAA) was significantly higher in group 2 (1.28 mmol/l) than in group 1 (1.12 mmol/l). Increased levels of leucine, isoleucine and valine are implicated in increased follicular growth and development in prepubertal heifers and resulted in a 26 day earlier attainment of puberty by 26 days in an experimental period of six months in group 2 heifers. Increased concentrations of aspartate and tyrosine in group 2 heifers might be associated with the release of GnRH from the hypothalamus influencing LH release from anterior pituitary in such animals. It is therefore evident that increased availability of certain amino acids in heifers fed high protein diet might have led to early onset of puberty.

Treatment of indium-tin-oxide etching wastewater and recovery of In, Mo, Sn and Cu by liquid–liquid extraction and wet chemical reduction: a laboratory scale sustainable commercial green process

Swain, Basudev,Mishra, Chinmayee,Hong, Hyun Seon,Cho, Sung-Soo The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 GREEN CHEMISTRY Vol.17 No.8

<▼1><P>A sustainable commercial green process for treatment and recovery of ITO etching wastewater by liquid–liquid extraction and wet chemical reduction.</P></▼1><▼2><P>A laboratory scale sustainable commercial green process for treatment of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) etching wastewater and total recovery of In, Mo, Sn and Cu by combination of liquid–liquid extraction and wet chemical reduction has been developed. The ITO etching wastewater is a threat to the ecosystem and human health, containing significant amounts of valuable metals like In and Cu. Metals and 100 nm Cu nanopowder with 5N purity have been recovered. The developed process concurrently treats the ITO etching wastewater and recovers pure metals. By this process, Mo and Sn are recovered by liquid–liquid extraction, and In is recovered through liquid–liquid extraction followed by wet chemical reduction. Value added semiconductor industry grade Cu nanopowder is recovered through wet chemical reduction using ascorbic acid. After a series of treatments, the wastewater is free of pollutants, worthy of use in the same industry or can be disposed of. The process is a sustainable, green, versatile and flexible process.</P></▼2>

Recycling of metal-organic chemical vapor deposition waste of GaN based power device and LED industry by acidic leaching: Process optimization and kinetics study

Swain, Basudev,Mishra, Chinmayee,Kang, Leeseung,Park, Kyung-Soo,Lee, Chan Gi,Hong, Hyun Seon,Park, Jeung-Jin Elsevier 2015 Journal of Power Sources Vol.281 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Recovery of metal values from GaN, a metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) waste of GaN based power device and LED industry is investigated by acidic leaching. Leaching kinetics of gallium rich MOCVD waste is studied and the process is optimized. The gallium rich waste MOCVD dust is characterized by XRD and ICP-AES analysis followed by aqua regia digestion. Different mineral acids are used to find out the best lixiviant for selective leaching of the gallium and indium. Concentrated HCl is relatively better lixiviant having reasonably faster kinetic and better leaching efficiency. Various leaching process parameters like effect of acidity, pulp density, temperature and concentration of catalyst on the leaching efficiency of gallium and indium are investigated. Reasonably, 4 M HCl, a pulp density of 50 g/L, 100 °C and stirring rate of 400 rpm are the effective optimum condition for quantitative leaching of gallium and indium.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Recycling of GaN a MOCVD waste of LED industry is investigated. </LI> <LI> Addresses waste of GaN based power device industry and environmental directives. </LI> <LI> A leaching process has been optimized and leaching kinetics is investigated. </LI> <LI> A techno-economical feasible, environment friendly and occupational safe process. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Effect of Allyl Modified/Silane Modified Multiwalled Carbon Nano Tubes on the Electrical Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Composites

Swain, Sarojini,Sharma, Ram Avatar,Patil, Sandip,Bhattacharya, Subhendu,Gadiyaram, Srinivasa Pavan,Chaudhari, Lokesh The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2012 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.13 No.6

Considering the properties of the carbon nano tubes (CNT), their inclusion into the polymer matrix vastly increases the properties of the resultant composite. However, this is not the case due to the poor interfacial adhesion of the CNT and the polymer matrix. The present approach focuses on increasing the interaction between the polymer matrix and the CNT through the chemical modification of the CNT resulting in allyl ester functionalized carbon nanotubes (ACNT) and silane functionalized carbon nano tubes (SCNT) which are capable of reacting with the polymer matrix during the curing reaction. The addition of ACNT/SCNT into unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) resulted in the improvement of the electrical properties of resulted nanocomposites in comparison to the CNT. The surface resistivity, volume resistivity, dielectric strength, dry arc resistivity, and the comparative tracking index of the nanocomposites were significantly improved in comparison to CNT. The chemical modification of CNT was confirmed via spectroscopy.

Optimization of CdSe nanocrystals synthesis with a microfluidic reactor and development of combinatorial synthesis process for industrial production

Swain, B.,Hong, M.H.,Kang, L.,Kim, B.S.,Kim, N.H.,Lee, C.G. Elsevier 2017 Chemical engineering journal Vol.308 No.-

A lab scale microfluidic reactor with computer-controlled programmable isocratic pumps and online detectors was employed to syntheses CdSe nanocrystal and operational parameters for lab scale microfluidic reactor were optimized. Three reaction parameters, viz. the reaction time, the [Cd]/[Se] molar concentration ratio, and the precursor concentrations, were optimized for optical characteristics, the particle diameter, and product yield. The average time corresponding to each reaction condition for obtaining the ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorbance and photoluminescence spectra was approximately 10min. Based on lab scale microfluidic reactor a combinatorial reactor for synthesis CdSe on commercial interest has been redesigned and reproducibility of the CdSe synthesis, diameter size, and product yield were verified at the obtained condition from the lab scale synthesis. Using the data from the combinatorial synthesis system, the effects of the reaction conditions on the synthesized CdSe nanocrystals and their yield were elucidated. Further, the data were used to determine the relationships between the reaction conditions, the CdSe particle diameter, and the product yield. Advantages of reported synthesis are, unlikely, other reported processes instead of batch scale operation, the combinatorial synthesis system can be used for continuous production, if required. Through the process, controlling the precursor concentration, flow rate, and other physical and instrumental parameter, desired sized NCs can be synthesized precisely, which is a remarkable aspect of the combinatorial synthesis reported here. Depending upon the requirement, automation can be done for preciseness, reproducibility and mass production of the NCs.