Bringing 3D ICs to Aerospace: Needs for Design Tools and Methodologies

Lim, Sung Kyu The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2017 Journal of information and communication convergen Vol.15 No.2

Three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs), starting with memory cubes, have entered the mainstream recently. The benefits many predicted in the past are indeed delivered, including higher memory bandwidth, smaller form factor, and lower energy. However, 3D ICs have yet to find their deployment in aerospace applications. In this paper we first present key design tools and methodologies for high performance, low power, and reliable 3D ICs that mainly target terrestrial applications. Next, we discuss research needs to extend their capabilities to ensure reliable operations under the harsh space environments. We first present a design methodology that performs fine-grained partitioning of functional modules in 3D ICs for power reduction. Next, we discuss our multi-physics reliability analysis tool that identifies thermal and mechanical reliability trouble spots in the given 3D IC layouts. Our tools will help aerospace electronics designers to improve the reliability of these 3D IC components while not degrading their energy benefits.

Intraductal Ultrasonography without Radiocontrast Cholangiogram in Patients with Extrahepatic Biliary Disease

( Sung Uk Lim ),( Chang Hwan Park ),( Won Ju Kee ),( Jeong Hyun Lee ),( Soo Jung Rew ),( Seon Young Park ),( Hyun Soo Kim ),( Sung Kyu Choi ),( Jong Sun Rew ) 대한소화기학회 2015 Gut and Liver Vol.9 No.4

Background/Aims: Intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) has been performed as an adjunct to endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) during radiocontrast cholangiography (RC). Radiation exposure during RC poses a health risk to both patients and examiners. We evaluated the feasibility of IDUS without RC in various extrahepatic biliary diseases. Methods: IDUS was performed with the insertion of an IDUS probe from the papilla of Vater to the confluent portion of the common hepatic duct without fluoroscopy. The technical success rate and procedure-related complications were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Wire-guided IDUS without RC was performed in 105 patients. The mean age was 66.5 years, and 50 (47.6%) were male. The IDUS diagnoses included choledocholithiasis (73, 69.5%), benign biliary stricture (11, 10.5%), choledocholithiasis with biliary pancreatitis (9, 8.6%), bile duct cancer (5, 4.8%), pancreatic cancer (1, 0.9%), and others (6, 5.7%). After IDUS, 66 (62.8%) underwent stone removal, 19 (18.1%) underwent biliary drainage, and 7 (6.6%) underwent brush cytology and biopsy. No significant complications such as perforation or severe pancreatitis occurred. Conclusions: IDUS without RC was a feasible and safe approach in patients with various extrahepatic biliary diseases. We anticipate a potentially important role of IDUS in various ERC procedures because it lacks the hazards of RC. (Gut Liver 2015;9:540-546)

Genomic structure, expression and association study of the porcine FSD2

Lim, Kyu-Sang,Lee, Kyung-Tai,Lee, Si-Woo,Chai, Han-Ha,Jang, Gulwon,Hong, Ki-Chang,Kim, Tae-Hun Springer-Verlag 2016 Molecular biology reports Vol.43 No.9

<P>The fibronectin type III and SPRY domain containing 2 (FSD2) on porcine chromosome 7 is considered a candidate gene for pork quality, since its two domains, which were present in fibronectin and ryanodine receptor. The fibronectin type III and SPRY domains were first identified in fibronectin and ryanodine receptor, respectively, which are candidate genes for meat quality. The aim of this study was to elucidate the genomic structure of FSD2 and functions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within FSD2 that are related to meat quality in pigs. Using a bacterial artificial chromosome clone sequence, we revealed that porcine FSD2 consisted of 13 exons encoding 750 amino acids. In addition, FSD2 was expressed in heart, longissimus dorsi muscle, psoas muscle, and tendon among 23 kinds of porcine tissues tested. A total of ten SNPs, including four missense mutations, were identified in the exonic region of FSD2, and two major haplotypes were obtained based on the SNP genotypes of 633 Berkshire pigs. Both haplotypes were associated significantly with intramuscular fat content (IMF, P < 0.020) and moisture percentage (MP, P < 0.002). Moreover, haplotype 2 was associated with meat color, affecting yellowness (P = 0.002). These haplotype effects were further supported by the alteration of putative protein structures with amino acid substitutions. Taken together, our results suggest that FSD2 haplotypes are involved in regulating meat quality including IMF, MP, and meat color in pigs, and may be used as meaningful molecular makers to identify pigs with preferable pork quality.</P>

A Candidate Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the 3' Untranslated Region of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Gene for Fatness Quality and the Gene Expression in Berkshire Pigs

Lim, Kyu-Sang,Kim, Jun-Mo,Lee, Eun-A,Choe, Jee-Hwan,Hong, Ki-Chang Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.2

Fatness qualities in pigs measured by the amount of fat deposition and composition of fatty acids (FAs) in pork have considerable effect on current breeding goals. The stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene plays a crucial role in the conversion of saturated FAs into monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs), and hence, is among the candidate genes responsible for pig fatness traits. Here, we identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, $c.^*2041T$ >C) in the 3' untranslated region by direct sequencing focused on coding and regulatory regions of porcine SCD. According to the association analysis using a hundred of Berkshire pigs, the SNP was significantly associated with FA composition (MUFAs and polyunsaturated FAs [PUFAs]), polyunsaturated to saturated (P:S) FA ratio, n-6:n-3 FA ratio, and extent of fat deposition such as intramuscular fat and marbling (p<0.05). In addition, the SNP showed a significant effect on the SCD mRNA expression levels (p = 0.041). Based on our results, we suggest that the SCD $c.^*2041T$ >C SNP plays a role in the gene regulation and affects the fatness qualities in Berkshire pigs.

Effects of particulate matter (PM) on the Tau-BiFC transgenic mouse

Kyu Hyeon Kim,Nicolette Boesen,Seong Eun Song,Sung Su Lim,Byung Yong Yu,Yun Kyung Kim 한국실험동물학회 2022 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.7

VQ Codebook Index Interpolation Method for Frame Erasure Recovery of CELP Coders in VoIP

Lim Jeongseok,Yang Hae Yong,Lee Kyung Hoon,Park Sang Kyu The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2005 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.30 No.9C

Various frame recovery algorithms have been suggested to overcome the communication quality degradation problem due to Internet-typical impairments on Voice over IP(VoIP) communications. In this paper, we propose a new receiver-based recovery method which is able to enhance recovered speech quality with almost free computational cost and without an additional increment of delay and bandwidth consumption. Most conventional recovery algorithms try to recover the lost or erroneous speech frames by reconstructing missing coefficients or speech signal during speech decoding process. Thus they eventually need to modify the decoder software. The proposed frame recovery algorithm tries to reconstruct the missing frame itself, and does not require the computational burden of modifying the decoder. In the proposed scheme, the Vector Quantization(VQ) codebook indices of the erased frame are directly estimated by referring the pre-computed VQ Codebook Index Interpolation Tables(VCIIT) using the VQ indices from the adjacent(previous and next) frames. We applied the proposed scheme to the ITU-T G.723.1 speech coder and found that it improved reconstructed speech quality and outperforms conventional G.723.1 loss recovery algorithm. Moreover, the suggested simple scheme can be easily applicable to practical VoIP systems because it requires a very small amount of additional computational cost and memory space.

Optimized Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolite Extraction and Analysis for the Geographical Discrimination of White Rice (Oryza sativa L.): A Method Comparison Study

Lim, Dong Kyu,Long, Nguyen Phuoc,Mo, Changyeun,Dong, Ziyuan,Lim, Jongguk,Kwon, Sung Won Oxford University Press 2018 Journal of AOAC International Vol.101 No.2

<B>Abstract</B><P>In this study, we examined the effects of different extraction methods for the GC-MS- and LC-MS-based metabolite profiling of white rice (Oryza sativa L.). In addition, the metabolite divergence of white rice cultivated in either Korea or China was also evaluated. The discrimination analysis of each extraction method for white rice from Korea and China and the corresponding discriminatory markers were estimated by unpaired t-test, principal component analysis, k-means cluster analysis, partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and random forest (RF). According to the prediction parameters obtained from PLS-DA and RF classifiers as well as features that could be identified, the extraction method using 75% isopropanol heated at 100°C coupled with LC-MS analysis was confirmed to be superior to the other extraction methods. Noticeably, lysophospholipid concentrations were significantly different in white rice between Korea and China, and they are novel markers for geographical discrimination. In conclusion, our study suggests an optimized extraction and analysis method as well as novel markers for the geographical discrimination of white rice.</P>

Colorimetric determination of Hg²⁺ via thiosemicarbazide-to-oxadiazole transformation of a coumarin-benzopyrylium dye

Lim, Dae Sung,Park, So Young,Hwang, Keum Saem,Chang, Suk-Kyu Elsevier 2018 Tetrahedron letters: the international organ for t Vol.59 No.19

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A dual signaling reaction-based probe derived from a hybrid coumarin-benzopyrylium dye was developed for Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> signaling. The probe exhibited selective colorimetric Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> signaling via the Hg<SUP>2+</SUP>-induced thiosemicarbazide-oxadiazole transformation. Interference from Cu<SUP>2+</SUP> ions was successfully circumvented using a citrate buffer as a masking agent. The detection limit for Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ions was found to be 1.88 × 10<SUP>–7</SUP> M. Practical application to Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> detection in simulated wastewater was realized using a typical smartphone as a stand-alone data capture and data processing device.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A novel Hg<SUP>2+</SUP>-selective colorimetric probe based on a hybrid dye is developed. </LI> <LI> Signaling occurs via a Hg<SUP>2+</SUP>-induced thiosemicarbazide-oxadiazole transformation. </LI> <LI> Interference from Cu<SUP>2+</SUP> is mitigated easily using a citrate buffer as a masking agent. </LI> <LI> Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> in simulated wastewater is detected using a typical smartphone. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Increasing Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Korea : The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 1998–2007

Lim, Soo,Shin, Hayley,Song, Jung Han,Kwak, Soo Heon,Kang, Seon Mee,Won Yoon, Ji,Choi, Sung Hee,Cho, Sung Il,Park, Kyong Soo,Lee, Hong Kyu,Jang, Hak Chul,Koh, Kwang Kon American Diabetes Association 2011 Diabetes care Vol.34 No.6

<P><B>OBJECTIVE</B></P><P>The number of people with metabolic syndrome is increasing worldwide, and changes in socioenvironmental factors contribute to this increase. Therefore, investigation of changes in metabolic syndrome and its components in South Korea, where rapid socioenvironmental changes have occurred in recent years, would be foundational in setting up an effective strategy for reducing this increasing trend.</P><P><B>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</B></P><P>We compared the prevalence and pattern of metabolic syndrome among participants in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys for 1998, 2001, 2005, and 2007. In each survey, stratified, multistage, probability–sampling designs and weighting adjustments were conducted to represent the entire Korean population. The revised National Cholesterol Education Program criteria were used as the definition of metabolic syndrome. All biochemical parameters were measured in a central laboratory.</P><P><B>RESULTS</B></P><P>A total of 6,907 (mean ± SE age 45.0 ± 0.2 years), 4,536 (45.5 ± 0.2), 5,373 (47.1 ± 0.2), and 2,890 (49.9 ± 0.3) Koreans over 20 years of age have participated in the studies in 1998, 2001, 2005, and 2007, respectively. The age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased significantly from 24.9% in 1998, 29.2% in 2001, and 30.4% in 2005 to 31.3% in 2007. Among the five components, the level of low HDL cholesterol increased the most, by 13.8% over the 10 years. Abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridemia followed, with 8.7 and 4.9% increases, respectively.</P><P><B>CONCLUSIONS</B></P><P>Because dyslipidemia and abdominal obesity were major factors in increasing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Koreans for the past 10 years, lifestyle interventions should be conducted at the national level to reduce the burden and consequences of metabolic syndrome.</P>

Experimental observation of nonadiabatic bifurcation dynamics at resonances in the continuum

Lim, Jean Sun,You, Hyun Sik,Kim, So-Yeon,Kim, Sang Kyu Royal Society of Chemistry 2019 Chemical science Vol.10 No.8

<▼1><P>In the strong vibronic state mixing regime, both Herzberg type-I and type-II predissociations coexist and proceed in a competitive way.</P></▼1><▼2><P>The surface crossing of bound and unbound electronic states in multidimensional space often gives rise to resonances in the continuum. This situation happens in the πσ*-mediated photodissociation reaction of 2-fluorothioanisole; optically-bright bound S<SUB>1</SUB> (ππ*) vibrational states of 2-fluorothioanisole are strongly coupled to the optically-dark S<SUB>2</SUB> (πσ*) state, which is repulsive along the S–CH<SUB>3</SUB> elongation coordinate. It is revealed here that the reactive flux prepared at such resonances in the continuum bifurcates into two distinct reaction pathways with totally different dynamics in terms of energy disposal and nonadiabatic transition probability. This indicates that the reactive flux in the Franck–Condon region may either undergo nonadiabatic transition funneling through the conical intersection from the upper adiabat, or follow a low-lying adiabatic path, along which multiple dynamic saddle points may be located. Since 2-fluorothioanisole adopts a nonplanar geometry in the S<SUB>1</SUB> minimum energy, the quasi-degenerate S<SUB>1</SUB>/S<SUB>2</SUB> crossing seam in the nonplanar geometry, which lies well below the planar S<SUB>1</SUB>/S<SUB>2</SUB> conical intersection, is likely responsible for the efficient vibronic coupling, especially in the low S<SUB>1</SUB> internal energy region. As the excitation energy increases, bound-to-continuum coupling is facilitated with the aid of intramolecular vibrational redistribution, along many degrees of freedom spanning the large structural volume. This leads to the rapid domination of the continuum character of the reactive flux. This work reports direct and robust experimental observations of the nonadiabatic bifurcation dynamics of the reactive flux occurring at resonances in the continuum of polyatomic molecules.</P></▼2>