Effect of Inhomogeneous Nucleation of Hydride at α/β Phase Boundary on Microstructure Evolution of Zr–2.5 wt%Nb Pressure Tube

Sung‑Soo Kim,Sangyeob Lim,Dong‑Hyun Ahn,Gyeong‑Geun Lee,Kunok Chang 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.4

We analyzed the microstructural characteristics such as number density and length and width of hydrides in Zr–2.5 wt%Nbpressure tube. The hydrogen was charged cathodically and the hydride-contained sample was evaluated using the advancedanalysis methodologies. We performed a diff erential scanning calorimetry analysis to more quantitatively understand thethermodynamics of the hydride formation/growth process. We characterized the micrograph of hydride-contained Zr samplesto estimate the microstructural characteristics of the matrix and hydrides. We investigated eff ects of hydrogen concentrationand microstructure of matrix on determining microstructural measures of the hydrides. Particularly, we found that β phasein the matrix becomes isolated during the heat treatment same or above 475 °C and this change increases the inhomogeneousnucleation sites signifi cantly. We claim that the microstructure change of this matrix phase greatly increases the numberdensity of hydride.

정부운영 방식으로서의 정부3.0 재조명: 문재인 정부의 정부3.0 정책 계승을 위한 제언

임성근 ( Sung Geun Lim ),이건 ( Geon Lee ) 중앙대학교 국가정책연구소 2017 국가정책연구 Vol.31 No.3

본 연구는 박근혜 정부 4년 동안 국가운영의 한 패러다임으로서 위상을 가졌던 정부3.0 정책의 추진 현황을 회고하며, 그 핵심적 내용을 정리하고, 일반국민, 공무원, 전문가들이 정부3.0을 어느 정도로 중요하게 인식하고 필요성을 체감하고 있는지를 탐색하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 조사결과에 의하면, 일반국민, 공무원, 전문가 모두 정부3.0의 필요성을 절감하고 있으며 정부3.0의 제 목표 및 핵심과제가 중요하다는데 인식을 같이하고 있다. 그러나 정부3.0 핵심과제에 대한 만족도 및 주관적인 추진성과에 대한 평가는 중요성에 비하여 낮게 인식하고 있다. 이는 정부3.0의 정착은 아직 미흡하고 더욱 발전시킬 여지가 있음을 말해준다. 좋은 제도가 정착되기도 전에 정권의 변동으로 폐기되는 것은 그동안 투입되었던 매몰비용 및 국민들이 누리는 편익을 고려할 때 비효율적이라 할 수 있다. 문재인 정부는 전문가들과의 공론화 과정을 거쳐 미완의 정부3.0 정책을 승계하여 보다 높은 수준으로 발전ㆍ완성시킴으로써 국민에게 유익한 정책은 정권이 교체되더라도 지속될 수 있음을 보여주는 첫 모범 사례가 되기를 기대한다. This study recalls the implementation progress of the Government 3.0 policy, which has been the paradigm for government administration for four years during the Park Geun-hye Administration, and summarizes its core contents. It also explores how the public, public officials and experts assessed the significance of Government 3.0, and whether they felt its necessity. According to the results of this study, the general public, public officials and experts all felt the need for Government 3.0 and shared an understanding that the goals and core tasks of Government 3.0 are still highly relevant. However, their overall assessment of the satisfaction level and subjective performance of the core projects of Government 3.0 was relatively lower than their perceived importance of the initiative, suggesting that Government 3.0 has yet to take root firmly in place and that there still is a room for further development. It would be a waste of valuable resource to junk the policy initiative even before the good system has been firmly established, considering the immense sunk cost and the benefits enjoyed by the people. We suggest that the Moon Jae-in Administration would promote and complete the unfinished missions of the Government 3.0 policy initiative through a public deliberation with related experts, thereby establishing itself as the first best case to demonstrate that beneficial policies for the people can be maintained even after the regime has been replaced.

종 분포 모형을 이용한 구상나무림의 지속 및 쇠퇴에 관한 연구 - 전라남도 광양시 백운산을 중심으로 -

조선희 ( Seon Hee Cho ),박종영 ( Jong Young Park ),박정호 ( Jeong Ho Park ),이양근 ( Yang Geun Lee ),문이만 ( Lee Man Mun ),강상호 ( Sang Ho Kang ),김광현 ( Gwang Hyun Kim ),윤종국 ( Jong Guk Yun ) 한국산림과학회 2015 한국산림과학회지 Vol.104 No.3

The present study investigated the habitats of Korean fir trees (Abies koreana E. H. Wilson) on Mt. Baekwun (Baekwun-san), determined the current distribution, quantified the contribution of biological and nonbiological environmental factors affecting the distribution, derived actual and potential habitats, presented a plan for the establishment of protected areas, applied RCP 8.5 climate change scenario to analyze the effects of climate change on the future distribution of Korean fir trees, and predicted future potential habitats. According to the results of the study, 3,325 Korean fir trees (DBH >= 2.5 cm) inhabited Mt. Baekwun, and their distribution area was approximately 150 ha. Populations of Korean fir trees were confirmed to exist at an altitude of 900 m above sea level and were distributed up to 1,200 m. Based on potential distribution, areas appropriate for habitation by Korean fir trees were analyzed to be 450 ha, three times the current distribution area, with a focus on Sang Peak (Sang-bong), Eokbul Peak (Eokbul-bong), Ddari Peak (Ddari-bong), and Dosol Peak (Dosol-bong). The forest stands near Sang Peak, the main peak, were evaluated as those with the most appropriate potential for the habitation of Korean fir trees, and populations of the trees tended to prefer the northern slope rather than the southern slope. When climate change scenario RCP 8.5 was applied and future potential distribution was analyzed, the habitats were expected to decrease in area to 20 ha by 2050, with a focus on Sang Peak, and areas appropriate for habitation were predicted not to exist by 2080. Judging from such results, as global warming accelerates, the habitats of Korean fir trees are clearly expected to move from lowlands to highlands.

A Lower T1 Slope as a Predictor of Subsidence in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion with Stand-Alone Cages

Lee, Su Hun,Lee, Jun Seok,Sung, Soon Ki,Son, Dong Wuk,Lee, Sang Weon,Song, Geun Sung The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2017 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.60 No.5

Objective : Preoperative parameters including the T1 slope (T1S) and C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA) have been recognized as predictors of kyphosis after laminoplasty, which is accompanied by posterior neck muscle damage. The importance of preoperative parameters has been under-estimated in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) because there is no posterior neck muscle damage. We aimed to determine whether postoperative subsidence and pseudarthrosis could be predicted according to specific parameters on preoperative plain radiographs. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed 41 consecutive patients (male : female, 22 : 19; mean age, $51.15{\pm}9.25years$) who underwent ACDF with a stand-alone polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) cage (>1 year follow-up). Parameters including SVA, T1S, segmental angle and range of motion (ROM), C2-C7 cervical angle and ROM, and segmental inter-spinous distance were measured on preoperative plain radiographs. Risk factors of subsidence and pseudarthrosis were determined using multivariate logistic regression. Results : Fifty-five segments (27 single-segment and 14 two-segment fusions) were included. The subsidence and pseudarthrosis rates based on the number of segments were 36.4% and 29.1%, respectively. Demographic data and fusion level were unrelated to subsidence. A greater T1S was associated with a lower risk of subsidence (p=0.017, odds ratio=0.206). A cutoff value of T1S<$28^{\circ}$ significantly predicted subsidence (sensitivity : 70%, specificity : 68.6%). There were no preoperative predictors of pseudarthrosis except old age. Conclusion : A lower T1S (T1S<$28^{\circ}$) could be a risk factor of subsidence following ACDF. Surgeons need to be aware of this risk factor and should consider various supportive procedures to reduce the subsidence rates for such cases.

The Effect of Uncinate Process Resection on Subsidence Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion

Lee, Su Hun,Lee, Jun Seok,Sung, Soon Ki,Son, Dong Wuk,Lee, Sang Weon,Song, Geun Sung The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2017 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.60 No.5

Objective : Subsidence is a frequent complication of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Postoperative segmental micromotion, thought to be a causative factor of subsidence, has been speculated to increase with uncinate process resection area (UPR). To evaluate the effect of UPR on micro-motion, we designed a method to measure UPR area based on pre- and postoperative computed tomography images and analyzed the relationship between UPR and subsidence as a proxy of micro-motion. Methods : We retrospectively collected clinical and radiological data from January 2011 to June 2016. A total of 38 patients (53 segments) were included. All procedures included bilateral UPR and anterior plate fixation. UPR area was evaluated with reformatted coronal computer tomography images. To reduce level-related bias, we converted UPR area to the proportion of UPR to the pre-operative UP area (pUPR). Results : Subsidence occurred in 18 segments (34%) and positively correlated with right-side pUPR, left-side pUPR, and the sum of bilateral pUPR (sum pUPR) (R=0.310, 301, 364; p=0.024, 0.029, 0.007, respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that subsidence could be estimated with the following formula : $subsidence=1.522+2.7{\times}sum\;pUPR$($R^2=0.133$, p=0.007). Receiver-operating characteristic analysis determined that sum $pUPR{\geq}0.38$ could serve as a threshold for significantly increased risk of subsidence (p=0.005, area under curve=0.737, sensitivity=94%, specificity=51%). This threshold was confirmed by logistic regression analysis for subsidence (p=0.009, odds ratio=8.471). Conclusion : The UPR measurement method confirmed that UPR was correlated with subsidence. Particularly when the sum of pUPR is ${\geq}38%$, the possibility of subsidence increased.

강원지방 소나무와 잣나무의 산불 연료특성 비교

Sung Yong Kim,Young Jin Lee,Mi Na Jang,Chun Geun Kwon,Byung Doo Lee,He Young Ahn 위기관리 이론과 실천 2017 Crisisonomy Vol.13 No.4

본 연구에서는 강원지방에 분포하는 소나무와 잣나무를 대상으로 지표층 및 수관층 연료의 특성을 파악하고 수관화 전이 및 확산 위험성을 비교·분석 하였다. 지표층 연료를 수종별로 채취하였으며, 수종별 16개의 표본목을 벌채하여 수관층 연료특성을 분석하였다. 본 연구결과에 의하면, 지표층 수분함량은 잣나무가 높았으나, 수관층 수분함량은 두 수종 간 유사하게 나타났다. 수관층 잎의 비율은 잣나무(34.4%)가 소나무(25.7%)에 비해 많이 분포하였고, 연소 가능한 연료는 소나무 55.8%, 잣나무 55.6%의 비율로 유사하였다. 수관층 연료 추정식의 조정결정계수(R 2 adj )는 모든 수관 부위에서 0.850 이상으로 나타났다. 임분 단위 수관연료특성에서는 잣나무의 수관체적 공간이 소나무보다 적었지만, 그 안에 포함된 연료량이 많아 총 수관연료밀도는 약 1.56배, 연소가능한 수관연료밀도는약 1.68배 높은 결과가 나타났다. This study identified fuel characteristics of surface and crown and analyzed crown fires on Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis stands in Gangwon Province in Korea. Fifteen surface fuels of each tree type were sampled and 16 trees of each species were destructively sampled to identify crown fuel characteristics. Pinus koraiensis has higher surface fuel moisture content due to the difference in crown cover, although the two types show similar crown fuel moisture content. Pinus koraiensis (34.4%) has more crown needles than Pinus densiflora (25.7%), but two species have similar combustible of available fuel, 55.8% and 55.6%, respectively. The adjusted coefficients of determination(R 2 adj ) values were high (more than 0.850) in all crown fuel classes. The canopy bulk density of Pinus koraiensis was 1.56 times higher than that of Pinus densiflora, whereas the available canopy bulk density of Pinus koraiensis was 1.68 times higher despite the smaller canopy volume.

Different Ways to Test Acceptability Judgments

Sang houn Song,Sang Geun Lee,Jae Woong Choe,Eun jeong Oh 한국생성문법학회 2015 생성문법연구 Vol.25 No.2

The testing of acceptability judgments has recently attracted some attention in the study of syntax. This is because many linguists have come to realize that the extensive measuring the correlations between native speakers' intuitions provides a reliable way to investigate the genuine nature of human language. The growing research interest notwithstanding, the methodology of acceptability judgment experiments has not been completely validated. Since experimental syntax is an empirical science, it is important to develop a strong research methodology for a large-scale and in-depth quantitative analysis. In this context, the research question this paper raises is whether or not different methodologies of acceptability judgment testing yield different conclusions. The present study conducts two experiments that share exactly the same test items but are controlled and analyzed in different ways. Looking into the convergence rate using different methods of experimental control and statistical analysis, the present study provides four findings which can lead to a better methodology for observing native speakers' intuitions: First, randomization is a mandatory process in acceptability judgment testing. Second, the mean in itself does not provide good statistical power in acceptability judgment testing. Third, sociological variables can affect acceptability judgments. Fourth, the size of sample in acceptability judgment testing should be more than 40 in order to yield a trustworthy conclusion.

[P132] White papules on the chest

( Geun-hwi Park ),( Sung-min Park ),( Hyun-joo Lee ),( Hyunju Jin ),( Hyang-suk You ),( Woo-haing Shim ),( Gun-wook Kim ),( Hoon-soo Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ),( Byung-soo Kim ),( Moon-bum Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2017 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.69 No.1

Fibroelastolytic papulosis (FEP) encompasses a spectrum of two disorders that were previously reported as pseudoxanthoma elasticum-like papillary dermal elastolysis (PXE-PDE) and white fibrous papulosis of the neck (WFPN). It is characterized by asymptomatic, non-confluent, non-follicular and firm papules occurring predominantly on the neck in elderly individuals. FEP on upper chest without involving the neck have been rarely reported. A 81-year-old female patient presented with an increasing number of asymptomatic white papules on her chest for the past 6 months. Histopathologic evaluation showed decreased and fragmented elastic fibers without dermal fibrosis in upper dermis. There was no past history of vascular, gastrointestinal or ocular disorders and no family history of similar skin lesions. Our patient showed clinical characteristics resembling WFPN, and histologic findings similar to that of PXE-PDE. Therefore, we diagnosed her as FEP. There had been no change in the lesions on follow up 6 months later. Although it had been reported that WFPN occurred on the neck or trunk including neck, this case suggests that this condition also can occur on only chest without involving the neck Through this case, in the investigation of white papules on localized area of the chest, FEP should be included in the differential diagnosis.

Characteristics and locating tendency of grafted islets in allo-transplanted Non-human primate liver

Geun Soo Kim,Du Yeon Shin,Han Sin Lee,Hyojun Park,Kyo Won Lee,Sung Joo Kim 한국실험동물학회 2016 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.08

The Analysis of Reduction Efficiency of Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield by a Ginseng Area using GIS Tools

Lee, Geun-Sang,Jeon, Dae-Youn Korea Spatial Information Society 2009 한국공간정보학회지 Vol.17 No.4

최근 탁수문제는 댐과 저수지관리 업무에서 중요한 이슈중의 하나가 되고 있으며, 고탁수를 유발하는 주요원인은 강우강도 에너지에 의한 유사량이다. 기존의 연구들은 다양한 작물형태를 고려하지 않아 정확한 토양 침식 및 유사량을 계산할 수 없었다. 본 연구에서는 IKONOS 위성영상으로부터 추출한 인삼밭 레이어를 이용하여 토양침식량과 유사량의 저감효과를 분석하였으며, 인삼밭의 면적과 점유비율은 각각 $0.290km^2$와 0.94%로 나타났다. GIS 기반 RUSLE 모델을 이용하여 인삼밭을 고려한 토양침식량의 저감효과를 분석한 결과는 0.9%로 낮게 나타났으며, 이는 인삼밭의 면적이 다른 농경지에 비해 상대적으로 작기 때문으로 해석된다. 미래의 토지이용변화를 반영하기 위해, 본 연구에서는 논, 밭, 과수원 그리고 기타 재배지들이 인삼밭 지역으로 전환된다는 시나리오를 고려하여 토양침식과 유사량의 저감효과를 평가하였다. 시나리오에 따른 인삼밭의 저감효과를 분석한 결과, 밭지역을 인삼밭으로 전환한 시나리오 (1)과 모든 농경지를 인삼밭으로 전환한 (4)가 인삼밭을 고려하지 않은 기존의 연구와 비교할 때 31.3% 및 34.8% 더 높은 저감효과를 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 제시한 방법론은 고탁수와 관련된 저수지관리를 지원하기 위한 매우 효과적인 도구가 될 수 있을 것이다. Recently, turbidity problem is one of the hot issues in dam and reservoir management works. Main reason to bring about high density turbid water is sediment yield by rainfall intensity energy. Because existing researches didn't consider diverse types of crops, it was difficult to calculate more accurate soil erosion and sediment yield. This study was evaluated the reduction efficiency of soil erosion and sediment yield using ginseng layer extracted from IKONOS satellite image, and the area and the ratio of ginseng area represented $0.290km^2$ and 0.94%. The reduction efficiency of soil erosion considering ginseng area represented low value in 0.9% using GIS-based RUSLE model, because the area of ginseng was small compared to areas of other agricultural lands. To reflect future land use change, this study was calculated the reduction efficiency of soil erosion and sediment yield by considering many scenarios as kinds of crops of paddy, dry field, orchard, and other agricultural areas convert to the ginseng district. As result of analysis of them according to scenarios, scenario (1) in which dry field was converted to ginseng area and scenario (2) in which fully agricultural lands were converted to ginseng area showed high reduction efficiency as 31.3% and 34.8% respectively, compared to existing research which didn't consider ginseng area. Methodology suggested in this study will be very efficient tools to help reservoir management related to high density turbid water.