放射線을 利用한 食品硏究 : 감자의 主要 營養分 還元糖의 變化 Change and in ruducing Suger Content of Potato Tubers

金成器,梅田圭司 단국대학교 1979 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

This work was conducted to investigate the effects of ionizing radiation on the preservation of potato. The Irish Cobbler potato tubers were irradiated at the doses of 7 krad and 15 krad of gamma ray of Co-60 at room temperature. When the potato tubers were stored under verious conditions, the freshness and preservability of irradiated potato tubers were remarkably extended by 20, June. The results of this work are summarized as follows: 1. The potato tubers applied with 15 krad of gamma ray were observed freshness without any shrinkage and defects. The potato tubers of control rotted and sprouted completely at 3, March. All tubers of them were cured at 7℃ and relative humidity 90% for a month before irradiation and they were treated at 18-20℃ and RH 80% for 2 weeks after irradiation. They were stored at the above mentioned conditions. 2. Reducing Sugar content of irradiated potato tubers was negligibly changed such as non-irradiated potato tubers along with an extended storage period, when they, as pre-and post-irradiation, were stored at 7℃ and RH 90%. If they were treated at 18-20℃ and RH 80% for 2 weeks after irradiation, reducing sugar content of the potato tubers was temporally increased and then it was decreased as much as the former. 3. As the result of microscopic test for the wound-peridom formation of potato tubers, the dark brown cork layer of wounded tuber of control was perfectly built up at about 2 weeks of the post wound, and starch particles were disappeared almost. The cork layer of irradiated potato tuber was formed at 3-4 weeks after wounded and also starch particles was not watched. The layers irradiated potato was observed the same as cork layer of sound potato.

放射線 照射가 당근 CALLUS의 核酸 및 核蛋白質에 미치는 影響에 關한 硏究

金成器 충남대학교 대학원 1972 論文集 Vol.1 No.-

These investigations were conducted in order to observe effects of ionizing radiation on cultured carrot calli. Carrot discs were cultured on media composed of sucrose, yeast extract and N-AA in White's basic medium in the dark at 2i±2℃ for 60 days. Cultured carrot calli were irradiated with 400 rad,(designed as Low-Level Gamma Callus in text) and 10,000 rad,(designed High-Level Gamma Callus in text) of ^(60)CO at room temperature. Irradiated calli were incubated under the same conditions for 40 days. Some of the results obtained me these studios are summerized as follows: 1. The growth value of low dose group was increased approximateiy 25% as compared with the unirradiated group, and the growth value of high dose group were decreased about 40%. 2. Growth of fresh carrot calli was not affected by the media which had been irradiated with 400 and 10,000 rad of gamma ray. 3. In the ratio of fresh weight to dryed weight of callus, high dose group was higher than low does group and unirradiated group, and low dose group was similar to control. 4. DNA and RNA contents of low does group were inclined to inclease as compared with the contents of unirradiated group, those of high dose group were decreased gradually depending upon incubation time. The ratio of RNA content to DNA content of the all experimental group was constantly about 3.0. 5. RNA was generally distributed much in microsome-soluble fraction of sub-cellular in all experimental groups. But RNA of high does group was distributed relatively much than another groups. 6. Protein content of low dose group was increased approximately 15% than that of unirradiated group, and that of high dose group was decreased gradually depending upon cultivation period. Protein content of all groups was distributed mostly in microsome-soluble fraction. Among others, protein of high dose group was found more abundantly in microsome-soluble franction. 7. In the snthesis of DNA and RNA of cultured carrot callus, incorporations of thymine-2^-(14)C and uracil-2-^(14)C into DNA and RNA of low dose group were more vigorous at the initial stage as compared with the control. The incorporations of high dose group were less than the control. 8. As for the RNA metabolisms, there were changes in all experimental groups. At 3 hours after irradiation 40S^(*), as RNA precursor or ribosome like substances, was absorbed relatively higher gradually depending upon incubation time in all experimental groups. 9. DNA degradation of low dose group, by means of ionizing radiation, increased 21% more than the control, and the degradation of high dose group also increased more 43% more than the control, while the degradation of low dose group was recovered almost depending upon cultivation period. By alkaine sucrose gradient centrifugation, sedimentation profiles of DNA of irradiated groups were found somes the differences to the control. 10. Compositon of chromatin of cultured carrot callus was ahout 34.5% of total histone protein, 32.0% of DNA, 17.5% of non-histone protein and 15.5% of RNA in all experimental groups. 11. Histone phosphorylation was increased particularly in low dose group as compared with the high dose group and control.

日本保健系의 專門大學의 敎育制度

김성기 서울保健大學 1982 論文集 Vol.2 No.1

우리나라 國民食生活의 現況과 食品經濟學的 考察 : (第2報)國民食生活의 食品經濟學的 分析

장건형,유정애,채수규,양철영,김성기 서울保健大學 1983 論文集 Vol.3 No.1

1) 人口의 增加, 所得向上에 따르는 소비의 증가 및 소비구조로의 변화등에 의한 食糧需要의 급속한 증가에 비하여 食糧供給力의 부족으로 食糧自給率은 급격하게 저하되었다. 食糧導入을 위하여 막대한 外貨가 지출되어 食品經濟的問題化 및 有事時 食糧安保的인 차원에서의 문제가 제기되고 있다. 2) 國民食生活의 합리적인 실시를 위하여 다음 사항이 지적되고 있다. (1) 食糧의 量的인 節約 및 合理化. (2) 畜産食品類의 절대적 권장대신에 大豆加工食品의 改善奬. (3) 보리, 감자類의 生産 및 消費增大에 의한 自給力 向上. 3) 韓國實情을 고려하여 暫定的인 韓國人 食生活指標案을 제시하였다. The amount of food import has brought in national economic problems and security. For the rational improvement of national dietary life the following must be emphasized : (1)The saving and rationalization of the whole quantity of food, (2) The improvement of soybean food processing and the encouragement of it's consumption, (3) The food selfsufficiency by an increase of production of barly and potato. The index of Korean Dietary Goals might be proposed as follows : Energy supply 2,400-2,500 Kcal, protein supply 70-80g and distribution of energy supply from carbohydrate 73%, fat 15%, protein 12% at a national average per person per day.

Studies on the Immobilization of pyruvate Kinase by Radiocopolymerization

Kim, Sung Kih 생화학분자생물학회 1986 BMB Reports Vol.13 No.4

Enzymic analysis is the most reliable way to assay the small amount of certain component in the mixture which contains various substances, However, enzyme is usually expensive and recently the number of samples to be assayed is being increased rapidly, Furthermore, enzymic assay is required to be done quickly. The term $quot;immobilized enzyme$quot; as defined here, means the physical confinement or localization of enzyme molecules during a continuous catalytic process. The many methods for enzyme immobilization which had been described over the last decade, have recently been classified into four groups. These groups are (1) chemical attachement to water-insoluble support meterials, (2) adsorption in water-insoluble organic or inorganic supports, (3) entrapment within gel lattices or semipermable microcapsules, and (4) containment within semipermeable membrane-dependent devices. These works have been conducted to immobilize glucose oxidase, and pyruvate kinase which is frequently used for tie assay of adenosine dephosphate. Hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate (HEMA), polyvinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl pyrrolidone, several acrylates and acrylates and acrylamide were used as the polymerizing substances. To the mixtures of these materials, pyruvate kinase solution was added and then immediately submerged in dry ice acetone solution(-80℃), and gently rotated to a small bead form (diameter, 0.5-1.0㎜), The gamma irradiation was followed with small bead form (diameter, 0.5-1.0㎜). The gamma irradiation was followed with 300-500 krad at the Gamma Cell 220 (Canada AEC: Co-60) under the frozen solution, After irradiation the flask was holding at -15℃ for 2 hr, The enzyme was entrapped in the resulting polymer. As the summary resulted, the best combination of polymerizing substances was obtained when magnesium acrylate was mixed with other one, and the retained activity of immobilized PK reached 60∼82%. On the other hand, HEMA and calcium acrylate were not favorable. The other acrylates except the magnesium salt failed to show the high enzymic activity after the entrapping PK. The immobilized PK having the low concentration of enzyme (0.2U/㎖) was recorved relatively higher to 87% and one of high concentration of enzyme(60U/㎖) to 15%. The activity of immobilized enzyme did not decrease after used repeatedly for total 5 hr, Optimum temperature was 55℃ for the native and 45℃ for immobilized PK. Optimum pH was 7.0∼8.0 for the native and 6.6∼8.5 for immobilized one, Heat stability seemed to be improved by the immobilization (native had 41% and immobilized one had 95% of PK activity after preincubation at pH 7, 5 and 27℃ for 2 hr.)

Studies on the Immobilization of Enzymes and Microoganism Part 1. Immobilizing Method of Glucose Oxidase by Gamma Radiation

Kim, Sung-Kih 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 1979 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.7 No.1

혈액 및 생체반응물질등에 함유된 미량의 glucose를 효소적으로 간편하게 측량하기 위하여 먼저 고가의 glucose oxidase를 고정화 시켰다. 전리 방사선조사에 의하여 이 효소를 쉽게 고정화 시킬수 있는 방법과 그 알맞는 조건 및 높은 잔여 활성에 관한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 여러가지 monomer 및 polymer의 combination 중에서 AA-Bis, NK ester 23G, 물 (1:1:2)에 가용성 효소 1ml를 고정화 시켰을 경우를 비롯하여 GOD의 잔여활성이 50%이상인 여러 monomer Combination 찾았다 2) Carrier의 방사선중합에 필요한 선량은 100 krad 이상 이였으나, 400~500krad가 적당하였고, solvent는 toluene, n-haxane, petoleum ether chloroform 등을 이용할 때 고정화된 GOD의 잔여 활성 및 이화학적 성장이 좋았다. 3) GOD 고정화에 이용될 수 있는 완충 용액은 tris-glycerol buffer (pH 7.0)가 phosphate (pH 7.0) 보다 높은 활성을 보여 주었다. 4) 고정화된 GOD의 최적 pH는 6.0~6.5 또 온도는 30~4$0^{\circ}C$로서 가용성 효소보다 작용범위가 넓었고, pH 및 온도의 변화도 완만하였다. The author acknowledges with gratitude financial assistance from International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria and also sincerely thanks Dr. K. Kawashima and his colleagues, National Food Research Institute, Tokyo, Iapan for encouragement and assistance. A new method for immobilization of glucose oxidate by the aerobic gamma radiation of synthetic monomers was developed. The radiocopolymerization was conducted aerobically at -70 to -8$0^{\circ}C$ with the mixture of several polyfunctional esters, acrylates and native enzyme. The retained activity of immobilized glucose oxidase was about 50 to 55% when a NK 23G ester, acrylamide-bis and water mixture (1:1:2) in cold toluene treated with 450 krad of gam-ma radiation. The radiation dose did not influence significantly to the enzyme activity. The solvents used to prepare the beads of glucose oxidase and monomers were toluene, n-hexane, petoleum ether and chloroform. 0.05M tris-gycerol (pH 7.0) was a more suitable bugger solution for immobilizing the enzyme than was 0.02M phosphate. Immobilization of glucose oxidase shifted the optimum pH for its reaction from 6.0 to 6.5. The pH profile for the immobilized enzyme showed a broad range of optimum activity while the native enzyme gave a sharp pick for its optimum pH value. The immobilized enzyme reaction temperature was at the range of 30~4$0^{\circ}C$.

석류 과일 껍질을 활용하는 새로운 기능성 식품의 최근 연구 동향

김성기 ( Sung-kih Kim ) 한국식품영양학회 2017 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.30 No.2

Functional foods are of great significance since our society is accelerating into aging. An aging society has many physiological metabolic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, cancer, dementia and geriatric diseases. Fundamental treatments for the elderly are almost impossible and the social burden is heavy. If these diseases can be prevented or alleviated by improving dietary habits using functional foods, the significance would be very large. Pomegranate has been found to have 124 different kinds of phytochemicals. Polyphenols have a wide range of protective effects including various physiological metabolic diseases and cancers. It is necessary to develop functional foods such as preservatives and food extenders which can contribute to food safety, required in the food industry, by using such bioactive substances. Pomegranates have been reported to decrease the impact of many serious illnesses. There is a considerable amount of bioactive substances in the peel of a pomegranate, which has potent anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-apoptotic properties. Unfortunately, the peel is typically discarded after processing. Despite knowledge regarding the bioactive substances in the pomegranate peel and peel extracts, including their functionality and diversity, the knowledge is not well known by consumers in general. The aim of this study was to review up to date research trends for processing and developing new functional foods by utilizing nutritional functional substances, favourite food materials, and materials for processing food contained in pomegranate peels and pomegranate peel extracts. This study will summarize the data found in pomegranate peel and pomegranate peel extract literature mainly recently published in Science Direct. There are polyphenolic compounds (ellagitannins, punicalagin, proanthocyanidin, flavonoids, polysaccharides, etc.) in the fruit peel, making up about 50% of the pomegranate’s weight. The polyphenol content of a pomegranate fruit peel is 149.91 mg/g, which is about 100 times higher than the juice. Paying attention to the fact that the ellagitannin content (14.22 mg/g) in the fruit peel is also twice as high as that of the fruit juice and seeds, that confirms the possibility of utilizing the peel as a food ingredient capable of developing new, functional bioactive foods.

효소 및 미생물의 고정화에 관한 연구 (제1보) 방사선조사에 의한 Glucose Oxidase 의 고정화법

김성기 ( Sung - Kih Kim ) 한국미생물생명공학회 1979 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.7 No.1

소 정액 리보뉴클리아제의 정제 및 아미노 - 말단구조에 관한 연구

김성기 ( Sung Kih Kim ) 생화학분자생물학회 1986 BMB Reports Vol.19 No.1

A ribonuclease has been purified to homogeneity from bovine seminal plasma by precipitation with 50-70% saturated ammonium sulfate, followed by chromatographies on concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B, DEAE-cellulose, agarose-5`-(4-aminophenylphospho)-uridine 2`(3`)-phosphate, and Sephadex G-75. The homogeneity of this ribonuclease was confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Molecular weight for this purified ribonuclease was 12,500 as estimated by gel filtration. The enzyme activity was activated by Na^+, K^+, Mg^(2+), Ba^(2+), Fe^(2+), and EDTA and inhibited by Ca^(2+), Mn^(2+), Zn^(2+), and Cu^(2+). The purified ribonuclease preferentially hydrolyzed poly(U) over poly(C) and yeast RNA. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of 31 residues for the purified seminal ribonuclease has been determined by automatic sequencing of the native protein. The following sequence was deduced: Val^1 Asp Ser Lys Gly^5 Gly Lys Tyr Gln Arg^(10) Glu His Met Asp Leu^(15) Asp Ser Leu Pro Ala^(20) Ala Bil Val Gly Thr Tyr^(25) Cys Asp Ala Met Lys Leu These results suggested that the purified bovine seminal ribonuclease was a prostate-specific enzyme.

고정화 Glucose Oxidase 의 반복 사용성 연구

김성기 ( Sung Kih Kim ) 생화학분자생물학회 1981 BMB Reports Vol.14 No.4

Glucose oxidase (GOD) was immobilized by polyacrylamide entrapment to use respeatedly fir the determination of glucose in blood and hydrolyzates of polysaccharides. The retained activity cf immobilized GOD was about 80 % when 1∼2 unit cf the native GOD was applied for immobilization, but the GOD activity was not retained in proportion to increment cf GOD unit. The immobilized GOD had 85.5% of the ratained activity for 0.3 ㎜ of bead diameter. The enzyme activity, however, decreased as size of of bead increased. In pH stability of the enzyme, the residual activity of the native GOD was 60% when the enzyme was pretreated at pH 5.5 for 10 hr, while the residual activity of immobilized one was about 80% when at pH 5.5∼6.5. The GOD had higher thermal stability when the native enzyme was preincubated at 35∼50℃ for 10 hr and immobilized one at 35∼60℃. There was no significant decrease of the immobilized enzyme activity by using repeatedly in batch reactor one time per day for 30 times. The retained activity of immobilized GOD decrease remarkably when the product was stored at room temperature for 4 months in dry state. Lyophilized enzyme and the enzyme in phosphate buffer solution at -5℃ showed a tendency to decrease depending on the storage period. The linear curve was obtained by determination of various concentrations of D-glucose by the immobilized GOD.