A review on production, storage of hydrogen and its utilization as an energy resource

Suman Dutta 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.4

Energy price is rising due to rapid depletion of fossil fuels. Development of renewable and non-polluting energy resources is necessary for reducing pollution level caused by those conventional fuels. Researchers have recognized hydrogen (H2) as such an energy source. Hydrogen is a potential noncarbon based energy resource, which can replace fossil fuels. Hydrogen is considered as the alternative fuel as it could be generated from clean and green sources. Despite many advantages, storage of hydrogen is a serious problem. Due to high inflammability, adequate safety measures should be taken during the production, storage, and use of H2 fuel. This review article elucidates production methods and storage of hydrogen. Besides this safety related to H2 handling in refilling station, and automobiles has also been discussed. Study shows that safety program and awareness could be fruitful for increasing the acceptance of hydrogen as fuel.

Effects of Aging Temperature on the Mechanical Properties and Precipitation Behavior of a Pre-strained Al–Cu–Mg–Ag Alloy

Suman Paik,N. Naveen Kumar,B. K. Dutta,R. Tewari,P. V. Durgaprasad 대한금속ᆞ재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.2

This article investigates the deformation behaviour and fracture characteristics of copper single crystals by uniaxial tensileexperiments and compares the results with crystal plasticity simulations. Quasi-static tensile tests were carried out toinclude different stress–strain states by varying the crystal orientation with respect to specimen axis after determining theinitial orientation by Electron Backscatter Diffraction. The different ductile modes of failure of single crystals due to shearafter loading were examined. Thereafter, by employing the scanning electron microscopy and theoretical slip trace analysis,orientations of slip traces of deformed crystals were determined. Experimental results were then rationalised by performingcrystal plasticity finite element simulations, presuming cross-slip and associated dislocation dissociation into partials playan influential role on the orientation dependence of the material. A continuum ductile damage criterion was coupled withplasticity on capturing the slip localisation caused by material softening. Comparison between experimentally measuredand numerically obtained stress–strain data, texture evolution and fracture angles were subsequently evaluated. An evaluationhas also been made by comparing the identities of active slip modes attained from experiments with that of determinedfrom simulations.

Experimental Investigation and Crystal Plasticity Simulation with Damage for Single Crystal Copper Subjected to Tensile Load

Suman Paik,N. Naveen Kumar,B. K. Dutta,R. Tewari,P. V. Durgaprasad 대한금속·재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.3

This article investigates the deformation behaviour and fracture characteristics of copper single crystals by uniaxial tensileexperiments and compares the results with crystal plasticity simulations. Quasi-static tensile tests were carried out toinclude different stress–strain states by varying the crystal orientation with respect to specimen axis after determining theinitial orientation by Electron Backscatter Diffraction. The different ductile modes of failure of single crystals due to shearafter loading were examined. Thereafter, by employing the scanning electron microscopy and theoretical slip trace analysis,orientations of slip traces of deformed crystals were determined. Experimental results were then rationalised by performingcrystal plasticity finite element simulations, presuming cross-slip and associated dislocation dissociation into partials playan influential role on the orientation dependence of the material. A continuum ductile damage criterion was coupled withplasticity on capturing the slip localisation caused by material softening. Comparison between experimentally measuredand numerically obtained stress–strain data, texture evolution and fracture angles were subsequently evaluated. An evaluationhas also been made by comparing the identities of active slip modes attained from experiments with that of determinedfrom simulations.

A Comprehensive Cancer-Associated MicroRNA Expression Profiling and Proteomic Analysis of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes

Jothimani Ganesan,Pathak Surajit,Dutta Suman,Duttaroy Asim K.,Banerjee Antara 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2022 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.19 No.5

BACKGROUND: The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have enormous therapeutic potential owing to their multi-lineage differentiation and self-renewal properties. MSCs express growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and non-coding regulatory RNAs with immunosuppressive, anti-tumor, and migratory properties. MSCs also release several anti-cancer molecules via extracellular vesicles, that act as pro-apoptotic/tumor suppressor factors. This study aimed to identify the stem cell-derived secretome that could exhibit anti-cancer properties through molecular profiling of cargos in MSC-derived exosomes. METHODS: Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) were isolated from umbilical cord tissues and culture expanded. Subsequently, exosomes were isolated from hUCMSC conditioned medium and characterized by DLS, electron microscopy. Western blot for exosome surface marker protein CD63 expression was performed. The miRNA profiling of hUCMSCs and hUCMSC-derived exosomes was performed, followed by functional enrichment analysis. RESULTS: The tri-lineage differentiation potential, fibroblastic morphology, and strong expression of pluripotency genes indicated that isolated fibroblasts are MSCs. The isolated extracellular vesicles were 133.8 ± 42.49 nm in diameter, monodispersed, and strongly expressed the exosome surface marker protein CD63. The miRNA expression profile and gene ontology (GO) depicted the differential expression patterns of high and less-expressed miRNAs that are crucial to be involved in the regulation of apoptosis. The LCMS/MS data and GO analysis indicate that hUCMSC secretomes are involved in several oncogenic and inflammatory signaling cascades. CONCLUSION: Primary human MSCs released miRNAs and growth factors via exosomes that are increasingly implicated in intercellular communications, and hUCMSC-exosomal miRNAs have a critical influence in regulating cell death and apoptosis of cancer cells.

Insight into emerging applications of forward osmosis systems

Pallabi Das,Krishna Kant Kumar Singh,Suman Dutta 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.72 No.-

The advent of Forward Osmosis (FO) has ushered in a new revolution in thefield of membranetechnology. Besides the oft-studied application of water purification, FO has opened up new frontiers ofresearch in diversefields. All of them are potentially sustainable technology solutions characterized by ahigh degree of process intensification. It is interesting to imagine different avenues where the potentcombination of membrane technology and osmotic gradient can be used. This brief review evaluates foursuch emerging applications of FO; viz: Membrane Crystallization, Osmotic Pumps, Energy Production,and Membrane Evaporation which will be considered as the most important in the near future. All fouraforesaid applications were critically reviewed with respect to the principle of operation, process designfundamentals, cost distribution, tangible benefits over conventional alternatives and commercialventures around the world. Comparative assessments of transportflux, yield, configuration, andmembrane module was carried out. Several issues relating to performance, hydrodynamics and scale updesigns were analyzed with special emphasis on concentration polarization,flux decline, nature of themembrane.

Hyperhomocysteinemia, a Biochemical Tool for Differentiating Ischemic and Nonischemic Central Retinal Vein Occlusion during the Early Acute Phase

Kapil Deb Lahiri,Somnath Mukherjee,Sambuddha Ghosh,Suman Mukherjee,Jayanta Dutta,Himadri Datta,Harendra Nath Das 대한안과학회 2015 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.29 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to differentiate ischemic central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) from nonischemic CRVO during the early acute phase using plasma homocysteine as a biochemical marker. Methods: Fasting plasma homocysteine, serum vitamin B12, and folate levels were measured in 108 consecutive unilateral elderly adult (age >50 years) ischemic CRVO patients in the absence of local and systemic disease and compared with a total of 144 age and sex matched nonischemic CRVO patients and 120 age and sex matched healthy control subjects. Results: Homocysteine level was significantly increased in the patients with ischemic CRVO in comparison with nonischemic CRVO patients (p = 0.009) and also in comparison with control subjects (p < 0.001). Analysis also showed that hyperhomocysteinemia was associated with increased incidence of ischemic CRVO (odds ratio, 18) than that for nonischemic CRVO (odds ratio, 4.5). Serum vitamin B12 and folate levels were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in CRVO patients compared to the control but were not significantly different between nonischemic and ischemic CRVO patients (p > 0.1). Conclusions: Hyperhomocysteinemia can be regarded as useful in differentiating nonischemic and ischemic CRVO during the early acute phase in absence of local and systemic disease in the elderly adult (age >50 years) population.

Use of oral cholera vaccine as a vaccine probe to define the geographical dimensions of person-to-person transmission of cholera

Ali, Mohammad,Kim, Deok Ryun,Kanungo, Suman,Sur, Dipika,Manna, Byomkesh,Digilio, Laura,Dutta, Shanta,Marks, Florian,Bhattacharya, Sujit K.,Clemens, John Elsevier 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES Vol.66 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Cholera is known to be transmitted from person to person, and inactivated oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) have been shown to confer herd protection via interruption of this transmission. However, the geographic dimensions of chains of person-to-person transmission of cholera are uncertain. The ability of OCVs to confer herd protection was used to define these dimensions in two cholera-endemic settings, one in rural Bangladesh and the other in urban India.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Two large randomized, placebo-controlled trials of inactivated OCVs, one in rural Matlab, Bangladesh and the other in urban Kolkata, India, were reanalyzed. Vaccine herd protection was evaluated by relating the risk of cholera in placebo recipients to vaccine coverage of surrounding residents residing within concentric rings. In Matlab, concentric rings in 100-m increments up to 700m were evaluated; in Kolkata, 50-m increments up to 350m were evaluated.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>One hundred and eight cholera cases among 24667 placebo recipients were detected during 1year of post-vaccination follow-up at Matlab; 128 cholera cases among 34968 placebo recipients were detected during 3 years of follow-up in Kolkata. Consistent inverse relationships were observed between vaccine coverage of the ring and the risk of cholera in the central placebo recipient for rings with radii up to 500m in Matlab and up to 150m in Kolkata.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>These results suggest that the dimensions of chains of person-to-person transmission in endemic settings can be quite large and may differ substantially from setting to setting. Using OCVs as ‘probes’ to define these dimensions can inform geographical targeting strategies for the deployment of these vaccines in endemic settings.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Cholera, a waterborne disease, is known to be transmitted from person to person. </LI> <LI> However, the geographical dimensions of this transmission are uncertain. </LI> <LI> Oral cholera vaccines were used as probes to define these dimensions. </LI> <LI> Dimensions were 500m in rural Bangladesh and 150m in Kolkata, India. </LI> <LI> Person-to-person transmission of cholera can be sustained over long distances. </LI> </UL> </P>

Immune Responses to Vi Capsular Polysaccharide Typhoid Vaccine in Children 2 to 16 Years Old in Karachi, Pakistan, and Kolkata, India

Ochiai, R. Leon,Khan, M. Imran,Soofi, Sajid B.,Sur, Dipika,Kanungo, Suman,You, Young Ae,Habib, M. Atif,Sahito, Shah Muhammad,Manna, Byomkesh,Dutta, Shanta,Acosta, Camilo J.,Ali, Mohammad,Bhattacharya, American Society for Microbiology 2014 CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY Vol.21 No.5

<P>The geometric mean concentration (GMC) and the proportion maintaining a protective level (150 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) units [ELU]/ml) 2 years following a single dose of 25 μg of injectable Vi capsular polysaccharide typhoid vaccine was measured against that of the control hepatitis A vaccine in children 2 to 16 years old in cluster randomized trials in Karachi and Kolkata. The GMC for the Vi group (1,428 ELU/ml) was statistically significantly different from the GMC of the control hepatitis A vaccine group (86 ELU/ml) after 6 weeks. A total of 117 children (95.1%) in the Vi group and 9 (7.5%) in the hepatitis A group showed a 4-fold rise in Vi IgG antibody concentrations at 6 weeks (<I>P</I> < 0.01). Protective antibody levels remained significantly different between the two groups at 2 years (38% in the Vi vaccine groups and 6% in the hepatitis A group [<I>P</I> < 0.01]). A very small proportion of younger children (2 to 5 years old) maintained protective Vi IgG antibody levels at 2 years, a result that was not statistically significantly different compared to that for the hepatitis A group (38.1% versus 10.5%). The GMCs of the Vi IgG antibody after 2 years were 133 ELU/ml for children 2 to <5 years old and 349 ELU/ml for children 5 to 16 years old. In conclusion, Vi capsular polysaccharide typhoid vaccine is immunogenic in children in settings of South Asia where typhoid is highly endemic. The antibody levels in children who received this vaccine remained higher than those in children who received the control vaccine but were significantly reduced at 2 years of follow-up.</P>

Imipramine enhances neuroprotective effect of PEP-1-Catalase against ischemic neuronal damage

( Dae Won Kim ),( Duk Soo Kim ),( Mi Jin Kim ),( Soon Won Kwon ),( Eun Hee Ahn ),( Hoon Jae Jeong ),( Eun Jeong Sohn ),( Suman Dutta ),( Soon Sung Lim ),( Sung Woo Cho ),( Kil Soo Lee ),( Jin Seu Park 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2011 BMB Reports Vol.44 No.10

The protein transduction domains have been reported to have potential to deliver the exogenous molecules, including proteins, to living cells. However, poor transduction of proteins limits therapeutic application. In this study, we examined whether imipramine could stimulate the transduction efficiency of PEP-1 fused proteins into astrocytes. PEP-1-catalase (PEP-1- CAT) was transduced into astrocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner, reducing cellular toxicity induced by H2O2. Additionally, the group of PEP-1-CAT + imipramine showed enhancement of transduction efficiency and therefore increased cellular viability than that of PEP-1-CAT alone. In the gerbil ischemia models, PEP-1-CAT displayed significant neuroprotection in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Interestingly, PEP-1-CAT + imipramine prevented neuronal cell death and lipid peroxidation more markedly than PEP-1-CAT alone. Therefore, our results suggest that imipramine can be used as a drug to enhance the transduction of PEP-1 fusion proteins to cells or animals and their efficacies against various disorders. [BMB reports 2011; 44(10): 647-652]