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Srinivasa Rao, S.,Durga, Ikkurthi Kanaka,Kang, Tae-Su,Kim, Soo-Kyoung,Punnoose, Dinah,Gopi, Chandu V. V. M.,Eswar Reddy, Araveeti,Krishna, T. N. V.,Kim, Hee-Je The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Dalton Transactions Vol.45 No.8
<P>To make quantum-dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) competitive, photovoltaic parameters such as the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and fill factor (FF) must become comparable to those of other emerging solar cell technologies. In the present study, a novel strategy has been successfully developed for a highly efficient surface-modified platinum (Pt) counter electrode (CE) with high catalytic activity and long-term stability in a polysulfide redox electrolyte. The reinforcement of the Pt surface was performed using a thin passivating layer of CuS, NiS, or CoS by simple chemical bath deposition techniques. This method was a more efficient method for reducing the electron recombination in QDSSCs. The optimized Pt/CuS CE shows a very low charge transfer resistance of 37.01 Omega, which is an order of magnitude lower than those of bare Pt (86.32 Omega), Pt/NiS (53.83 Omega), and Pt/CoS (73.51 Omega) CEs. Therefore, the Pt/CuS CEs show much greater catalytic activity in the polysulfide redox electrolyte than Pt, Pt/NiS and Pt/CoS CEs. As a result, under one-sun illumination (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm(-2)), the Pt/CuS CE exhibits a PCE of 4.32%, which is higher than the values of 1.77%, 2.95%, and 3.25% obtained with bare Pt, Pt/CoS, and Pt/NiS CEs, respectively. The performance of the Pt/CuS CE was enhanced by the improved current density, Cu vacancies with increased S composition, and surface morphology, which enable rapid electron transport and lower the electron recombination rate for the polysulfide electrolyte redox couple. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel polarization revealed that the hybrid CEs reduce interfacial recombination and exhibit better electrochemical and photovoltaic performance compared with a bare Pt CE. The Pt/CuS CE also shows superior stability in the polysulfide electrolyte in a working state for over 10 h, resulting in a long-term electrode stability than Pt CE.</P>
S., Srinivasa Rao,Punnoose, Dinah,Bae, Jin-Ho,Durga, Ikkurthi Kanaka,Thulasi-Varma, Chebrolu Venkata,Naresh, Bandari,Subramanian, Archana,Raman, Vivekanandan,Kim, Hee-Je Elsevier 2017 ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA Vol.254 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This paper reports the facile synthesis of a novel architectural of NiS/PEDOT:PSS with DEG, where the complementary features of the three components (well-defined NiS black pepper like nanoparticles on nickel foam, an ultrathin layers of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), and diethylene glycol (DEG)) are deposited sequentially to a single entity to fabricate a high-performance electrode for supercapacitor applications. Owing to the high electrical conductivity of the well-defined NiS nanoparticles, in which the conductivity, and good chemical and electrochemical stability is enhanced further by the PEDOT:PSS and DEG thin layers, the as-fabricated NiS/PEDOT:PSS with a DEG chrysanthemum petal-like nanostructure exhibits good rate capability, excellent cycling stability, and high specific capacitance. The PEDOT:PSS with DEG offers extra conductive paths for each layer on NiS, yielding a lower internal resistance and charge-transfer resistance than that of the NiS/PEDOT:PSS without DEG. As a result, the NiS/PEDOT:PSS with the DEG electrode shows a tremendous pseudocapacitance of 750.64Fg<SUP>−1</SUP> at 1.11Ag<SUP>−1</SUP>, along with a high energy density of 24.52Whkg<SUP>−1</SUP> at a power density of 138.88Wkg<SUP>−1</SUP> and good cycling stability, suggesting that it is a promising candidate for energy storage. The unique performance of NiS/PEDOT:PSS with a DEG benefits from its unique chrysanthemum petal-like nanostructure, which could offer faster ion and electron transfer ability, greater reaction surface area and good structural stability.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> NiS/PEDOT:PSS with DEG chrysanthemum petals were prepared using a facile bar-coating method. </LI> <LI> NiS/PEDOT:PSS with DEG showed greater electrochemical properties. </LI> <LI> Improved penetration of electrolyte ions into the electrode was observed by the attachment PEDOT:PSS on NiS. </LI> <LI> The electrode exhibited a high specific capacitance of 750.64Fg<SUP>−1</SUP> at 1.11Ag<SUP>−1</SUP>. </LI> <LI> The nanocomposite displayed excellent cycling stability. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla,Ravindra S. Swamy,Satheesha B. Nayak,Nagabhooshana S. Somayaji,Mohandas K. G. Rao,Kumar M. R. Bhat 대한해부학회 2013 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.46 No.3
The extensor digitorum brevis muscle (EDB) is a practical option for use as an island flap or free flap when reconstructing soft tissue defects in the ankle as well as in the entire lower limb. It is frequently used to correct crossover toe deformity and other painful toe disorders. We evaluated the morphometry of the EDB in 44 formalin-fixed limbs. Length and width of the muscles were measured. Surface area was calculated as the product of length and width of the muscle. The length of each tendon was also measured from its origin to the point of distal attachment. Presence of any additional tendons was noted. Mean length, width, and surface area of the muscle were 7.39±0.71 cm, 4.1±0.37 cm, and 30.5±4.78 cm2 on the right side and 7.2±0.84 cm, 3.9±0.37 cm, and 28.4±5.35 cm2 on the left side, respectively. Morphometry of the tendons revealed that the tendon of the great toe had the highest mean length (9.5 cm) and the tendon of the fourth toe had the lowest mean length (6.3 cm). Four of the limbs studied (9.09%) had only three tendons. Three of the limbs studied (6.81%) had five tendons, and in one exceptional case (2.27%), six tendons were detected. These observations have significant value and are applicable to plastic and orthopedic surgery.
Design and performance Analysis of PDMS Based Micropump
K. Srinivasa Rao,K. Chandrasekharam,S. Bandhavi Sai Sri,S. Suma,Md. Hamza,K. Grija Sravani 한국전기전자재료학회 2020 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.21 No.5
This paper presents the design and performance analysis of MEMS based piezoelectrically actuated micropump for drug delivery systems. The proposed micropump have achieved a fl ow velocity and flow rate of 8.92 m/s and 0.854 mL/min respectively at 50 V when BaTiO 3 is used as piezoelectric material. The micropump comprises of four elements: electrodes, piezoelectric layer, flexible membrane and a reservoir. The obtained flow rate for the micropump is best suitable in cardiovascular, hypertension cases where the drug need to be delivered with an appropriate flowrate.
M. Srinivasa Rao,O. Shaila,P. Sreelakshmi,S. Vennila,M. Vanaja,A.V.M. Subba Rao,M. Maheswari,K. Sammi Reddy 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.2
Experiments were conducted to understand the direct and indirect effects of temperature and elevated CO2 (eCO2), on tritrophic interactions of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata L.), legume aphid Aphis craccivora Koch and coccinellid predator Menochilus sexmaculatus Fab. Reduction of the leaf nitrogen (6%), amino acid (6%) and protein (7%) of cowpea foliage with increased carbon (13%) and C:N ratio (21%) at eCO2 over aCO2 indicated the dilution of biochemical constituents at first trophic level. Shortened development time, DT and increment of reproductive rate, RR at eCO2 over ambient CO2(aCO2)was significant with increase in temperature from 20 to 35 °C. Reduction of the mean degree day, DD requirement of both nymphal (75.79 ± 15.163) and adult stages (157.15 ± 67.04) at eCO2 over aCO2 and same was reflected in the summation DD for both the stages at eCO2 (232.96 ± 80.32)and aCO2 (247.07 ± 64.77) across six temperatures. The ‘rm’ and ‘Ro’ increased gradually with increase in temperature followed the non-linear trend and reached maximum values at 27 °C with shortened ‘T’ across 20 to 35 °C temperatures at eCO2 indicating the significant variation of growth and development at the second trophic level. Decreased grub duration (23%) with increased predation capacity (19%) of M. sexmaculatus on A. craccivora at eCO2 over ambient was noted, indicating the incidence of A. craccivora is likely to be higher with increased predation in the future climate change scenario.
Target Application Based Design Approach for RF MEMS Switches using Artificial Neural Networks
Lakshmi Narayana Thalluri,Samuyelu Bommu,Sathuluri Mallikharjuna Rao,K. Srinivasa Rao,Koushik Guha,S. S. Kiran 한국전기전자재료학회 2022 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.23 No.5
In this paper, a target application-based design approach for RF MEMS switches using artifi cial neural networks (ANN) is presented. ANN approach is used to decide the dimensions of the RF MEMS switch for the targeted application. The ANN approach design and analysis is done using MATLAB. The results obtained by ANN method are validated using the FEM tool simulation, which show that the developed models have good accuracy over the range of switch dimension values for the intended application. The switch dimensions are extracted for L, S, C, X, Ku, K, and Ka-band applications using ANN. Eventually, a novel RF MEMS switch based on the ANN approach for C-band applications is proposed. The required pullin voltage will increase because of perforation, and this problem is handled by adding extra weight to the membrane with pillars and slabs. Analyzed load distribution in membrane with perforation. FEM design is implemented using solid mechanics and electrostatic-based Multi-physics in COMSOL environment. Diff erent studies, i.e., stationary, time-dependent, and frequency domain are performed to extract electrical, mechanical, and Radio Frequency parameters of the proposed design. The switch designed for C-band applications off ering an actuation voltage of 7.4 V, Insertion loss of − 0.2 dB, and Isolationloss of − 57 dB.
Kim, H.J.,Kim, J.H.,Pavan Kumar, CH.S.S.,Punnoose, D.,Kim, S.K.,Gopi, C.V.V.M.,Srinivasa Rao, S. Elsevier Sequoia 2015 Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry Vol.739 No.-
In this paper, highly efficient nano peas like structure CuS film has been successfully employed in quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) for its highest catalytic activity at minimal cost. The CuS thin film electrode was deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate by chemical bath deposition technique using urea at low deposition temperatures. This electrode elevated the short circuit current and fill factor in comparison to the frequently used Pt electrode. Moreover, electrochemical measurement data disclosed higher electrocatalytic activity toward polysulfide reduction. The CuS film exhibited an average particle size of 180-270nm and film thickness of 825nm. It also revealed superior J<SUB>sc</SUB> (13.87mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>) and conversion efficiency of 4.01% which is remarkably higher than that of the Pt-based cell (1.07%). In addition, stability test conducted for both CuS and Pt-based cells for about 900min at working conditions affirmed that the long-term stability of the CuS film decreased by 16.66% (4.02-3.35%), while that of the Pt based cell got elevated by 24.29% until 700min, and consequently diminished by 8.27% from 700 to 900min.
Effect of Dichrostachys cinerea (Linn.) Root Extracton Ethylene Glycol Induced Urolithiasis in Rats
S. JAYAKUMARI,DR. G. SRINIVASA RAO 한국생약학회 2007 Natural Product Sciences Vol.13 No.3
cinerea (Linn.) is comonly known as Vadatalla and used as phytotherapeutic agent.rheumatism, urinary calculi and renal troubles. The effect of the Ethanolic and aqueous extract of the root of D.cinerea were studied for its anti-urolithiatic and diuretic activity at 200 mg/kg dose level in male Wistar albinorats. Ethylene glycol feeding resulted in hyperoxaluria as well as increased renal excretion of calcium andphosphate. Supplementation with aqueous and ethanolic extract of the plant significantly reduced the elevatedurinary oxalate, showing a regulatory action on endogenous oxalate synthesis. Compared to ethanolic extract,aqueous extract exhibited significant anti-urolithiatic activity. Both the extracts showed significant diureticD. cinerea.KeywordsDichrostachys cinerea, Urolithiasis, Ethylene glycol, Diuretic activity