The role of two <i>LEAFY</i> paralogs from <i>Idahoa scapigera</i> (Brassicaceae) in the evolution of a derived plant architecture

Sliwinski, Marek K.,Bosch, Justin A.,Yoon, Ho‐,Sung,Balthazar, Maria von,Baum, David A. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2007 The Plant journal Vol.51 No.2

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P><I>Idahoa scapigera</I> produces solitary flowers in the axils of rosette leaves without elongation of the shoot axis, a rosette‐flowering architecture. Previous work with one of the two <I>I. scapigera LFY</I> paralogs, <I>IscLFY1</I>, showed that this gene caused aerial flowering rosettes in <I>Arabidopsis thaliana</I>. In this paper, we report that after three generations <I>IscLFY1</I> transgenic lines are phenotypically indistinguishable from wild‐type Arabidopsis, indicating that IscLFY1 protein is able to replace normal LFY function. Additionally, we found that ectopic <I>LFY</I> expression late in development can phenocopy aspects of the aerial rosette phenotype, suggesting that shoot compression caused by <I>IscLFY1</I> could be caused by localized overexpression of a functional IscLFY protein. We also characterized the expression and function of the second <I>I. scapigera LFY</I> paralog, <I>IscLFY2</I>, in <I>A. thaliana</I>. In contrast to <I>IscLFY1</I>, this paralog was expressed in floral meristems and the shoot apical meristem (SAM). In <I>I. scapigera,</I> LFY‐specific antibodies detected high protein levels in developing flowers but not in the apex, suggesting <I>trans</I>‐regulatory differences between <I>I. scapigera</I> and <I>A. thaliana</I>. Most <I>IscLFY2</I> transgenic <I>A. thaliana</I> plants were indistinguishable from wild type, but in a minority of lines the SAM was converted to a terminal flower as would be expected from the reporter‐expression pattern. Taken together these results show that both <I>I. scapigera</I> paralogs have conserved <I>LFY</I> function, both proteins can rescue <I>lfy</I> and both can modify inflorescence architecture in an <I>A. thaliana</I> background: either by affecting internode elongation (<I>IscLFY1</I>) or by causing homeotic conversion of shoots into flowers (<I>IscLFY2</I>).</P>

European Energy Security through Foreign Policy Analysis: Nord Stream 1 and its Consequences

( Sliwinski Krzysztof ),( Pourzitakis Stratos ) 한국EU학회 2017 Asia-Pacific Journal of EU Studies Vol.15 No.2

This paper reexamines the Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) with regard to recent developments concerning Nord Stream 1 (NS1) and Nord Stream 2 (NS2). Both of these projects are understood as specific foreign policy actions - “products” of foreign policy decisions. Drawing on Walter Carlsnaes’s identified lack of integrative and dynamic models that would convincingly include both types of variables - structures and actors in a dynamic fashion - this study proposes a “reinforced model” of foreign policy analysis. Our model accounts convincingly for the correlation between NS1 and NS2, understood as foreign policy actions. Our research indicates that the linear sequence, as proposed by Carlsnaes himself (structure - disposition - intention - action), can and indeed should be re-conceptualized in a “circular” manner. This being the case, it is claimed that the outcome of the original action (NS1) has reinforced the structural dimension that has led to reinforced dispositional dimension, which in turn has led to reinforced intentional dimension that ultimately underpins NS2.

Book Review for the EU Towards the Global South During the COVID-19 Pandemic (edited by Dr Katarzyna Kołodziejczyk)

( Sliwinski Krzysztof ) 한국EU학회 2023 Asia-Pacific Journal of EU Studies Vol.21 No.2

‘A-Securitization` of Immigration Policy-the Case of European Union

( Feliks Sliwinski Krzysztof ) 한국EU학회 2016 Asia-Pacific Journal of EU Studies Vol.14 No.1

This paper draws on the ‘securitization` thesis with regard to immigration policy of the European Union and its members. Contrary to existing literature, it is claimed that the current immigration crisis that the European Union faces is driven by an opposite dynamic, which produces ‘a-securitization`-a phenomenon defined, in this paper, as a condition where important social phenomena are declared security irrelevant and consequently treated as such (both explicitly or implicitly). The analysis of the ongoing debate leads the author to identify major actors (drivers) on the pro-immigration side, their institutional forms and principles to which they adhere. These actors include: national political elites, the EU and its institutions, multinational compa-nies and mass media. The thesis of ‘a-securitization` is proposed as a theoretical explanation that allows us to account for a number of seemingly illogical phenomena taking place at the EU level and at national levels regarding both national and human security of European societies as well as a majority of immigrants.

F-63 Comparison clinical characteristics between Asian and Others in a prospective, international, multicenter study of patients with COPD

김규연 ( Marc Miravitlles ),( Pawel Sliwinski ),( Richard Costello ),( Victoria Carter ),( Jessica Tan ),( Therese Laperre ),( Bernardino Alcazar ),( Caroline Gouder ),( Cristina Esquinas ),( Juan Luis G 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2017 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.124 No.-

Background/Aim: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous condition requiring therapeutic management to be tailored to the clinical characteristics and disease severity of the individual patient. Due to scarcity of studies about racial differences in COPD patients, in this study, we compared clinical characteristics between Asian and other patients of COPD. Method: This was an international, multicenter, prospective study of a cohort of patients with COPD aimed to validate the concept of clinical control in COPD. We compared two subgroups (Asian versus others) by using clinical criteria, questionnaires (COPD Assessment Test -CAT- or Clinical COPD Questionnaire -CCQ-) and recent concept of control. Results: A total of 349 patients were analysed, 110 (32%) patients were Asian and 239 (68%) patients were others. There was a significant difference at sex, smoking status and BMI between Asian and others. Among clinical characteristics, there was a significant difference at median FEV1 (mL), and percentage of patients who have emphysema between two subgroups. Also, number of exacerbation and hospital admission, median CCQ score and recent concept of Impact (Clinical approach by mMRC, rescue medication, time walked/day and sputum color) were the characteristics which show significant disparities between two subgroups. Conclusion: This study showed significant differences in various factors between Asian and other patients of COPD. These results suggest that therapeutic management of COPD should be tailored to the ethnic group of the individual patients

A 3D human neural cell culture system for modeling Alzheimer's disease

Kim, Young Hye,Choi, Se Hoon,D'Avanzo, Carla,Hebisch, Matthias,Sliwinski, Christopher,Bylykbashi, Enjana,Washicosky, Kevin J,Klee, Justin B,Brü,stle, Oliver,Tanzi, Rudolph E,Kim, Doo Yeon Nature Publishing Group 2015 NATURE PROTOCOLS -ELECTRONIC EDITION- Vol.10 No.7

Stem cell technologies have facilitated the development of human cellular disease models that can be used to study pathogenesis and test therapeutic candidates. These models hold promise for complex neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), because existing animal models have been unable to fully recapitulate all aspects of pathology. We recently reported the characterization of a novel 3D culture system that exhibits key events in AD pathogenesis, including extracellular aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau. Here we provide instructions for the generation and analysis of 3D human neural cell cultures, including the production of genetically modified human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) with familial AD mutations, the differentiation of the hNPCs in a 3D matrix and the analysis of AD pathogenesis. The 3D culture generation takes 1–2 d. The aggregation of Aβ is observed after 6 weeks of differentiation, followed by robust tau pathology after 10–14 weeks.

A three-dimensional human neural cell culture model of Alzheimer’s disease

Choi, Se Hoon,Kim, Young Hye,Hebisch, Matthias,Sliwinski, Christopher,Lee, Seungkyu,D’Avanzo, Carla,Chen, Hechao,Hooli, Basavaraj,Asselin, Caroline,Muffat, Julien,Klee, Justin B.,Zhang, Can,Wainger, B Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2014 Nature Vol.515 No.7526

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, characterized by two pathological hallmarks: amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease posits that the excessive accumulation of amyloid-β peptide leads to neurofibrillary tangles composed of aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau. However, to date, no single disease model has serially linked these two pathological events using human neuronal cells. Mouse models with familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD) mutations exhibit amyloid-β-induced synaptic and memory deficits but they do not fully recapitulate other key pathological events of Alzheimer’s disease, including distinct neurofibrillary tangle pathology. Human neurons derived from Alzheimer’s disease patients have shown elevated levels of toxic amyloid-β species and phosphorylated tau but did not demonstrate amyloid-β plaques or neurofibrillary tangles. Here we report that FAD mutations in β-amyloid precursor protein and presenilin 1 are able to induce robust extracellular deposition of amyloid-β, including amyloid-β plaques, in a human neural stem-cell-derived three-dimensional (3D) culture system. More importantly, the 3D-differentiated neuronal cells expressing FAD mutations exhibited high levels of detergent-resistant, silver-positive aggregates of phosphorylated tau in the soma and neurites, as well as filamentous tau, as detected by immunoelectron microscopy. Inhibition of amyloid-β generation with β- or γ-secretase inhibitors not only decreased amyloid-β pathology, but also attenuated tauopathy. We also found that glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) regulated amyloid-β-mediated tau phosphorylation. We have successfully recapitulated amyloid-β and tau pathology in a single 3D human neural cell culture system. Our unique strategy for recapitulating Alzheimer’s disease pathology in a 3D neural cell culture model should also serve to facilitate the development of more precise human neural cell models of other neurodegenerative disorders.