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Spinal cord stimulation in chronic pain: technical advances
Emil Isagulyan,Konstantin Slavin,Nikolay Konovalov,Eugeny Dorochov,Alexey Tomsky,Andrey Dekopov,Elizaveta Makashova,David Isagulyan,Pavel Genov 대한통증학회 2020 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.33 No.2
Chronic severe pain results in a detrimental effect on the patient’s quality of life. Such patients have to take a large number of medications, including opioids, often without satisfactory effect, sometimes leading to medication abuse and the pain worsening. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is one of the most effective technologies that, unlike other interventional pain treatment methods, achieves long-term results in patients suffering from chronic neuropathic pain. The first described mode of SCS was a conventional tonic stimulation, but now the novel modalities (high-frequency and burst), techniques (dorsal root ganglia stimulations), and technical develop-ment (wireless and implantable pulse generator-free systems) of SCS are becom-ing more popular. The improvement of SCS systems, their miniaturization, and the appearance of new mechanisms for anchoring electrodes results in a significant reduction in the rate of complications and revision surgeries, and the appearance of new waves of stimulation allows not only to avoid the phenomenon of addiction, but also to improve the long-term results of chronic SCS. The purpose of this review is to describe the current condition of SCS and up-to-date technical advances.
Dynamic Origin of Azimuthal Modes Splitting in Vortex-State Magnetic Dots
Guslienko, Konstantin Y.,Slavin, Andrei N.,Tiberkevich, Vasyl,Kim, Sang-Koog American Physical Society 2008 Physical Review Letters Vol.101 No.24
<P>A spin-wave theory explaining experimentally observed frequency splitting of dynamical spin excitations with azimuthal symmetry of a magnetic dot in a vortex ground state is developed. It is shown that this splitting is a result of the dipolar hybridization of three spin-wave modes of a dot having azimuthal indices |m|=1: two high-frequency azimuthal dipolar modes of the in-plane part of the vortex with indices m = +/-1 and a low-frequency (Goldstone-like) gyrotropic mode, describing translational motion of the vortex core and having index m = +1. The analytically calculated magnitude of the frequency splitting is proportional to the ratio of the dot thickness to its radius and quantitatively agrees with the results of time-resolved Kerr experiments.</P>
A Pilot and Feasibility Study of Oatmeal Consumption in Children to Assess Markers of Bowel Function
Hannah Paruzynski,Renee Korczak,Qi Wang,Joanne Slavin 한국식품영양과학회 2020 Journal of medicinal food Vol.23 No.5
Inadequate dietary fiber intake contributes to irregular bowel movements and may contribute to difficulty with defecation in children. Whole grain foods, such as oatmeal, may improve stool consistency and stool frequency in children; however, no studies have examined its effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate if 2 weeks of oatmeal consumption in children (ages 7–12 years) increases stool frequency, improves stool consistency, and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. In this single-arm intervention study, children who reported ≤5 bowel movements per week during screening, consumed two servings of instant oatmeal daily for 2 weeks. The primary outcome was stool frequency and secondary outcomes included stool consistency and GI symptoms. Participants recorded bowel movements daily, food intake, and GI symptoms during baseline and 2 intervention weeks. Photos of the children's stool were taken at three timepoints during the study to assess stool consistency. In total, 33 children (15 female and 18 male) completed the study. Linear mixed models were used to detect change between baseline and the intervention weeks and accounted for repeated measures within subjects. No statistical differences in stool frequency or consistency were observed between the intervention weeks vs. baseline; however, dietary fiber intake significantly increased during the 2 weeks of oatmeal consumption (P = .008). The addition of oatmeal to children's diets is an effective way to increase fiber consumption and may reduce some GI symptoms such as gas, straining, and feeling of incomplete evacuation. Trial identification number: NCT02868515.
Derek A. Timm,Ashok Hospattankar,Joanne L. Slavin 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.4
Dietary fiber fermentation decreases luminal pH by the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Additional proposed physiological benefits of fiber fermentation include decreased growth of pathogenic bacteria, increased mineral absorption, and serving as an energy source for the colon epithelium. This study examined three common fiber supplements—wheat dextrin (WD) (Benefiber®, Novartis Consumer Health Inc., Parsippany, NJ, USA), psyllium (PS) (Metamucil®, Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, OH, USA), and inulin (Fiber Sure®, Procter & Gamble)—for pH, SCFAs, and gas production. An established in vitro fermentation model was used to simulate colonic fermentation at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours. At 24 hours, WD and inulin significantly decreased pH compared to PS. Inulin produced significantly more hydrogen and total gas. All treatments produced similar total SCFA concentrations at 24 hours; however, the rate of production was different. PS had a declining rate of SCFA production from 12 to 24 hours, whereas WD and inulin had a higher rate during that period. Fast-fermenting substrates may not provide as much SCFAs to the distal colon as slow-fermenting substrates. Differences in fermentation rate, gas production, and SCFA production observed for WD, PS, and inulin may affect their gastrointestinal tolerance and require further study.
Laurent, Louise C.,Ulitsky, Igor,Slavin, Ileana,Tran, Ha,Schork, Andrew,Morey, Robert,Lynch, Candace,Harness, Julie V.,Lee, Sunray,Barrero, Maria J.,Ku, Sherman,Martynova, Marina,Semechkin, Ruslan,Gal Elsevier 2011 Cell stem cell Vol.8 No.1
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Genomic stability is critical for the clinical use of human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. We performed high-resolution SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism) analysis on 186 pluripotent and 119 nonpluripotent samples. We report a higher frequency of subchromosomal copy number variations in pluripotent samples compared to nonpluripotent samples, with variations enriched in specific genomic regions. The distribution of these variations differed between hESCs and hiPSCs, characterized by large numbers of duplications found in a few hESC samples and moderate numbers of deletions distributed across many hiPSC samples. For hiPSCs, the reprogramming process was associated with deletions of tumor-suppressor genes, whereas time in culture was associated with duplications of oncogenic genes. We also observed duplications that arose during a differentiation protocol. Our results illustrate the dynamic nature of genomic abnormalities in pluripotent stem cells and the need for frequent genomic monitoring to assure phenotypic stability and clinical safety.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>► hESCs and hiPSCs show more gene copy number variation than somatic cells ► Degree of abnormality differs more between hESC lines than hiPSC lines ► Deletions common in hiPSCs after reprogramming, duplications appear over time ► Recurrent duplications occur at specific genomic loci in pluripotent cells</P>
Theory of Generation Linewidth in Spin-torque Nano-sized Auto-oscillators
Joo-Von Kim,Vasil Tiberkevich,Andrei N. Slavin 한국자기학회 2007 Journal of Magnetics Vol.12 No.2
Theory of the generation linewidth of a current-driven spin-torque magnetic nano-oscillator in the presence of thermal fluctuations has been developed and a simple analytical formula for the generation linewidth in the supercritical regime of generation has been derived. It is shown that the strong dependence of the oscillator frequency on the precession power leads to substantial broadening of the generation linewidth of a spin-torque oscillator compared to the case of a linear oscillator, i.e. an oscillator with power-independent generation frequency. The relation between the nonlinearity-induced broadening of the generation linewidth and the nonlinearity-induced increase of the phase-locking band of a spin-torque oscillator to an external microwave signal has been revealed. The derived expression for the generation linewidth predicts a linewidth minimum when the nano-contact is magnetized at a certain angle to its plane, at which the nonlinear frequency shift vanishes. This result is in good agreement with recent experiments.