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Comparison of Different Vehicles on Human Embryonic Stem Cells using Vitrification
Jae Ho Lee,Gi Jin Kim,Sinae Kim,Won Woo Lee,Hey Jin Lee,Dong Ryul Lee,Hyung Min Chumg 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2006 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.30 No.4
Vitrification has been suggested to be an effective method for the cryopreservation of human ES cells. However, the efficiency of vitrification with different vehicles remains a matter of ongoing controversy. The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of cryopreservation in human ES cells by vitrification using different vehicles. A human ES cell line and a variety of vehicles, including microdroplet (MD), openpulled straw (OPS) and electron microscopic grid (EMgrid), were employed in an attempt to assess vitrification efficiency. In order to evaluate the survivability and the undifferentiated state of the postvitrified human ES cells, we conducted alkaline phosphatase staining and characterization via both RTPCR and immunofluorescence assays. The survival rates of the postvitrified human ES cells using MD, OPS and EMgrid were determined to be 61.5%, 66.6% and 53.8%, respectively. There also exist significant differences between slowfreezing and vitrification (p<0.01). However, no significant differences were detected between the vehicle types. Finally, the pluripotency of human ES cells after thawing was verified by teratoma formation. Cryopreservation using vitrification is more effective than slowfreezing, and the efficiency of vehicles proved effective with regard to the preservation of human ES cells.
( Lee Sinae ) 한국독어독문학회 2018 獨逸文學 Vol.59 No.1
18세기 이후 이성과 합리주의를 중심으로 하는 근대적 사회형태가 유럽을 중심으로 점차 확대된 이래, 20세기에 접어들어서는 급속한 산업화와 자본주의의 발달과 함께 전 세계적으로 대도시들이 현대사회의 중요한 삶의 공간이 되었다. 소음과 속도감, 인공적 자극들 속에서 피상적 관계를 맺고 사는 대도시인들의 삶은 소도시에서의 삶과는 확연히 다른 양상을 보인다. 1930년대 초 베를린과 서울의 모습을 에리히 캐스트너와 박태원은 소설 『파비안』과 『소설가 구보씨의 일일』에서 세밀하게 묘사한다. 지식인 엘리트인 주인공들은 가치 전복적 사회 분위기에 대해 철저히 관찰자적 입장을 취한다. 그들은 생존을 위해 직업을 구하기보다는 도시공간 속에서 거리의 산책자가 된다. 도시 안에서 일어나는 일상적 사건들을 시각화하고 객관화하는 이들의 태도는 신즉물주의와 고현학이라고 하는 새로운 문학적 서술양식으로 나타난다. 두 작품 모두 자전적 요소가 강하게 드러나는 것도 주목할 점이다. 동시대를 살았던 독일과 한국의 두 작가가 경험한 20세기 전반기의 도시화와 산업화에 따른 사회적 문제점들과 특히 지식인으로서의 고민과 갈등이 새로운 문학기법을 통해 절제된 문체로 서술된다. 이는 당시 독일문단의 주류였던 표현주의나 한국문단의 참여문학 혹은 민족문학과는 차별화된 양식이었다. 그러나 이와 같은 객관적 표현 속에 숨어있는 날카로운 풍자와 반어적 요소로 인해 작품에 내재하는 시대 비판적 측면이 보다 강조된다. Nach dem 18. Jahrhundert begannen sich die modernen Gesellschaftsformen, welche auf Vernunft und Rationalismus ausgerichtet waren, nach und nach uber die Grenzen Europas hinaus auszubreiten. Die rasche Entwicklung der Industrialisierung, der Urbanisierung und des Kapitalismus fuhrten weltweit zu einem rasanten Wachstum der Großstadte. Das Leben in der Metropole, welches aus zahlreichen Alltagsstimulationen und zwischenmenschlichen Beziehungen besteht, unterscheidet sich deutlich vom Leben in der Kleinstadt. Anfang der 1930er Jahre waren die Schriftsteller Erich Kastner und Park Taewon in den Großstadten Berlin und Gyeongseong tatig. In ihren Romanen Fabian und Ein Tag im Leben des Romanciers Gubo beschreiben sie die Stimmung und das Klima, welche in den Großstadten herrschen. Die Protagonisten Fabian und Gubo sehen sich als Intellektuelle angesichts der zunehmenden Verdrangung menschlicher durch materielle Werte zahlreichen Konflikten ausgesetzt; sie sind jedoch nicht in der Lage, aktiv dagegen anzugehen, sondern nehmen vielmehr eine beobachtende Position ein. Anstatt als Teil der Gesellschaft einem Beruf nachzugehen, werden sie zu Flaneuren, die beobachtend durch den großstadtischen Raum spazieren. Die gesellschaftlichen Probleme, welche die Urbanisierung und die Industrialisierung aus Sicht der beiden Schriftsteller Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts nach sich zogen, werden im Stil der Neuen Sachlichkeit und der Modernology mit neuen literarischen Techniken nuchtern dargestellt. Doch die satirischen und ironischen Elemente, die sich hinter eben dieser objektiven Ausdrucksweise verbergen, betonen die in den Werken enthaltene Kritik umso mehr.
Sinae Kim,Jong Ho Lee,Siyoung Lee,Saerok Shim,Tam T. Nguyen,Jihyeong Hwang,Heijun Kim,Yeo-Ok Choi,Jaewoo Hong,Suyoung Bae,Hyun Jhung Jhun,Hokee Yum,이영민,Edward D. Chan,Liping Yu,Tania Azam,Yong-Dae Kim 대한면역학회 2020 Immune Network Vol.20 No.5
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The viral genome encodes twelve genes for viral replication and infection. The third open reading frame is the spike (S) gene that encodes for the spike glycoprotein interacting with specific cell surface receptor – angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) – on the host cell membrane. Most recent studies identified a single point mutation in S gene. A single point mutation in S gene leading to an amino acid substitution at codon 614 from an aspartic acid 614 into glycine (D614G) resulted in greater infectivity compared to the wild type SARS-CoV2. We were interested in investigating the mutation region of S gene of SARS-CoV2 from Korean COVID-19 patients. New mutation sites were found in the critical receptor binding domain (RBD) of S gene, which is adjacent to the aforementioned D614G mutation residue. This specific sequence data demonstrated the active progression of SARS-CoV2 by mutations in the RBD of S gene. The sequence information of new mutations is critical to the development of recombinant SARS-CoV2 spike antigens, which may be required to improve and advance the strategy against a wide range of possible SARS-CoV2 mutations.
Changing Patterns of Interactive Metadiscourse in English Teaching Articles
Lee Sinae,박혜인 한국영어교육학회 2023 ENGLISH TEACHING(영어교육) Vol.78 No.2
While metadiscourse use has been well-attended in second language (L2) writing research, relatively less effort has been made in documenting changing patterns of metadiscourse use among L2 writers. The present study addressed this gap by probing a diachronic change of interactive metadiscourse in research articles published in English Teaching across a span of 40 years. Using the corpus of 931 articles written by Korean L2 writers, we examined whether, and to what extent, interactive metadiscourse use in academic writing had changed over time. Our findings revealed an overall increase in the frequency of interactive resources mainly driven by a significant increase of evidentials. The observed pattern of change in interactives suggests that academic discourse within the applied linguistics community in Korea is becoming more persuasive and reader-oriented over time, consistent with Hyland and Jiang (2018) who reported a dramatic rise in interactive metadiscourse in the global discourse community of applied linguistics.
Lee, Siyoung,Choi, Dong-Ki,Kwak, Areum,Kim, Sinae,Nguyen, Tam Thanh,Gil, Gaae,Kim, Eunhye,Yoo, Kwang Ha,Kim, In Ae,Lee, Youngmin,Jhun, Hyunjhung,Chan, Edward D.,Bai, Xiyuan,Kim, Hyunwoo,Kim, Yong-Sung 한국조명·전기설비학회 2017 한국조명·전기설비학회 학술대회논문집 Vol. No.
<P>The induction of interleukin (IL)-32 in bone marrow (BM) inflammation is crucial in graft versus host disease (GvHD) that is a common side effect of allogeneic BM transplantation. Clinical trials on α-1 antitrypsin (AAT) in patients with GvHD are based on the preliminary human and mouse studies on AAT reducing the severity of GvHD. Proteinase 3 (PR3) is an IL-32-binding protein that was isolated from human urine. IL-32 primarily induces inflammatory cytokines in myeloid cells, probably due to PR3 expression on the membrane of the myeloid lineage cells. The inhibitory activity of AAT on serine proteinases may explain the anti-inflammatory effect of AAT on GvHD. However, the anti-inflammatory activity of AAT on BM cells remains unclear. Mouse BM cells were treated with IL-32γ and different inflammatory stimuli to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of AAT. Recombinant AAT-Fc fusion protein inhibited IL-32γ-induced IL-6 expression in BM cells, but failed to suppress that induced by other stimuli. In addition, the binding of IL-32γ to PR3 was abrogated by AAT-Fc. The data suggest that the specific anti-inflammatory effect of AAT in mouse BM cells is due to the blocking of IL-32 binding to membrane PR3.</P>
Sinae Lee 서울대학교 외국어교육연구소 2014 외국어교육연구 Vol.17 No.-
Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Rolle des Intellektuellen in der Gesellschaft in Bezug auf Alfred Anderschs literarische und mediale Aktivitäten in den späten 50er Jahren. Gut 10 Jahre nach Kriegsende 1945 hat sich Alfred Andersch mit den Themen von Verfolgung, Flucht und Freiheit des Menschen auseinandergesetzt, wobei das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Solidarität und Freiheit der Menschheit hervorgehoben wird. Andersch war ein überzeugender Befürworter für die engagierte Literatur. Sein geistiger Vater war der französische Romancier, Philosoph und Publizist Jean-Paul Sartre, der als Paradefigur der französischen Intellektuellen des 20. Jahrhunderts gilt. Andersch wurde von Sartres Philosophie und Literatur stark beeinflusst. Als engagierter Künstler hat er die Zeitschrift Texte und Zeichen herausgegeben und beim Süddeuschen Rundfunk das gesellschaftskritische Programm Radio-Essay geleitet. 1957 wurde sein erfolgreichster Roman Sansibar oder der letzte Grund erschienen.
Virus-mimetic polymer nanoparticles displaying hemagglutinin as an adjuvant-free influenza vaccine
Lee, Chaeyeon,Jeong, Jonghwa,Lee, Taeheon,Zhang, Wei,Xu, Li,Choi, Ji Eun,Park, Ji Hyun,Song, Jae Kwang,Jang, Sinae,Eom, Chi-Yong,Shim, KyuHwan,Seong Soo, A.An,Kang, Young-Sun,Kwak, Minseok,Jeon, Hyeon Elsevier 2018 Biomaterials Vol.183 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The generation of virus-mimetic nanoparticles has received much attention in developing a new vaccine for overcoming the limitations of current vaccines. Thus, a method, encompassing most viral features for their size, hydrophobic domain and antigen display, would represent a meaningful direction for the vaccine development. In the present study, a polymer-templated protein nanoball with direction oriented hemagglutinin1 on its surface (H1-NB) was prepared as a new influenza vaccine, exhibiting most of the viral features. Moreover, the concentrations of antigen on the particle surface were controlled, and its effect on immunogenicity was estimated by <I>in vivo</I> studies. Finally, H1-NB efficiently promoted H1-specific immune activation and cross-protective activities, which consequently prevented H1N1 infections in mice.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>