A complete 3D map of Bell Glasstone spatial correction factors for BRAHMMA subcritical core

Shukla Shefali,Roy Tushar,Kashyap Yogesh,Shukla Mayank,Singh Prashant 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.9

Accelerator driven subcritical systems have long been discussed as facilities which can be used for solving the nuclear waste problem. The physics of these systems is very different from conventional reactors and new techniques had to be developed for reactivity monitoring. One such technique is the Area Ratio Method which studies the response of a subcritical system upon insertion of a large number of neutron pulses. An issue associated with this technique is the spatial dependence of measured reactivity which is intrinsic to the sub criticality of the system since the reactor does not operate on the fundamental mode and measured reactivity depends on the detector position. This is generally addressed by defining Bell-Glasstone spatial correction factor. This factor upon multiplication with measured reactivity gives the correct reactivity which is independent of detector location. Monte Carlo Methods are used for evaluating these factors. This paper presents a complete three dimensional map of spatial correction factors for BRAHMMA subcritical system. In addition, the dataset obtained also helps in identifying detector locations where the correction factor is close to unity, thereby implying no correction if the detector is used at those locations. © 2022 Korean Nuclear Society, Publish

Slant Submanifolds of (LCS)_n-manifolds

Shukla, Shiv Sharma,Shukla, Mukesh Kumar,Prasad, Rajendra Department of Mathematics 2014 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.54 No.4

In this article, we study slant and semi-slant submanifolds of $(LCS)_n$-manifolds. Integrability conditions of distributions involved in definition of semi-slant submanifolds of a $(LCS)_n$-manifold have been obtained.

Desmids (Chlorophyceae, Conjugales, Desmidiaceae) from Foothills of Western Himalaya, India

Shukla, Sunil Kumar,Shukla, Chandra Prakash,Misra, Pradeep Kumar The Korean Society of Phycology 2008 ALGAE Vol.23 No.1

Forty-eight taxa of desmids belonging to Class Chlorophyceae (Order - Conjugales, Family - Desmidiaceae), collected from different aquatic habitats of Lalkuan, Kathgodam and Pantnagar areas of Uttaranchal state and Pilibheet district of Uttar Pradesh, which are regions of foothills of Western Himalaya, have been described. These taxa belongs to 5 genera viz. Closterium Nitzsch (6 spp., 5 var., and 2 forma), Euastrum Ehrenberg (1 var.), Staurastrum Meyen (2 spp., 1 var., 1 forma), Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs (19 spp. and 10 var.), Pleurotaenium Naegeli (1 sp.). Staurastrum pseudopachyrhyncum Wolle (1884) is new record for desmid flora of India.

The Aqueous Extract of Withania coagulans Fruit Partially Reverses Nicotinamide/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Rats

Kirtikar Shukla,Piyush Dikshit,Rimi Shukla,Jasvinder K. Gambhir 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.8

Withania coagulans fruit has been shown to possess antihyperglycemic properties and is used in the traditional Indian system of medicine. However, there has no systematic study of its mechanism of action. In a rat model diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced by intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide (230 mg/kg of body weight) followed by streptozotocin at 55 mg/kg of body weight. After 96 h, mildly diabetic (MD) (fasting plasma glucose [FPG] = 7–11.1 mmol/L) and severely diabetic (SD) (FPG > 11.1 mmol/L) rats were treated with aqueous extract of W. coagulans fruit at doses of 125, 250,and 500 mg/kg of body weight/day orally. FPG, postprandial plasma glucose (PPPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),plasma insulin, tissue glycogen, and glucose-metabolizing enzymes were assayed at Day 30. Treatment of diabetic animals (MD and SD) with different doses of aqueous W. coagulans resulted in significantly decreased FPG, PPPG, and HbA1c (P < .01), whereas serum insulin increased significantly compared with that in diabetic-untreated rats (P < .01). MD and SD animals treated with aqueous W. coagulans also showed significant increases in liver and muscle glycogen compared with diabetic-untreated animals (P < .01). Moreover, activities of glucokinase and phosphofructokinase were also significantly increased (P < .01), whereas glucose-6-phosphatase activity was significantly decreased (P < .01) in MD and SD groups treated with aqueous W. coagulans compared with diabetic-untreated groups. The most effective dose of aqueous W. coagulans was 250 mg/kg of body weight. These results show that the aqueous extract of W. coagulans fruit has significant antihyperglycemic effects, which may be through the modulation of insulin levels and related enzyme activities.

Desmids (Chlorophyceae, Conjugales, Desmidiaceae) from Foothills of Western Himalaya, India

Sunil Kumar Shukla,Pradeep Kumar Misra,Chandra Prakash Shukla 한국조류학회I 2008 ALGAE Vol.23 No.1

Forty-eight taxa of desmids belonging to Class Chlorophyceae (Order - Conjugales, Family - Desmidiaceae), collected from different aquatic habitats of Lalkuan, Kathgodam and Pantnagar areas of Uttaranchal state and Pilibheet district of Uttar Pradesh, which are regions of foothills of Western Himalaya, have been described. These taxa belongs to 5 genera viz. Closterium Nitzsch (6 spp., 5 var., and 2 forma), Euastrum Ehrenberg (1 var.), Staurastrum Meyen (2 spp., 1 var., 1 forma), Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs (19 spp. and 10 var.), Pleurotaenium Naegeli (1 sp.). Staurastrum pseudopachyrhyncum Wolle (1884) is new record for desmid flora of India.

Determination of biogenic amines and total aflatoxins: Quality index of starter culture soy sauce samples

Shukla, Shruti,Kim, Myunghee 한국식품과학회 2016 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.25 No.4

This study deals with understanding the effects of starter cultures on the safety aspects of soy sauce fermentation and their application to compensate undesirable changes occurring during fermentation processes. Various starter cultures of bacterial and fungal combinations with different microbial strains were used for the production of soy sauce samples under standardized fermentation/manufacturing conditions, and contents of biogenic amines (BAs) and aflatoxins were determined. Quantitative analysis of BAs and aflatoxins was performed using HPLC and immunoassay-based total aflatoxin detection kit, respectively. The amount of total BAs in all laboratory-made starter culture soy sauce samples was quantified in the range of 2.80-20.42 mg/L, which was within the limit of human consumption safety level. In addition, the level of total aflatoxin was under the limit (0.00 to $4.80{\mu}g/kg$), according to the standard parameters of food and agricultural organization (FAO) and world health organization (WHO).

An analytical expression for the dynamic active thrust from c-φ soil backfill on retaining walls with wall friction and adhesion

Shukla, Sanjay K.,Bathurst, Richard J. Techno-Press 2012 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.4 No.3

This paper presents the derivation of an analytical expression for the dynamic active thrust from c-${\phi}$ (c = cohesion, ${\phi}$ = angle of shearing resistance) soil backfill on rigid retaining walls with wall friction and adhesion. The derivation uses the pseudo-static approach considering tension cracks in the backfill, a uniform surcharge on the backfill, and horizontal and vertical seismic loadings. The development of an explicit analytical expression for the critical inclination of the failure plane within the soil backfill is described. It is shown that the analytical expression gives the same results for simpler special cases previously reported in the literature.

Development of a liposome-based immunochromatographic strip assay for the detection of Salmonella.

Shukla, Shruti,Leem, Hyerim,Kim, Myunghee Springer-Verlag 2011 Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry Vol.401 No.8

<P>Salmonella species are ubiquitous human pathogens which pose a dangerous threat to the elderly and children worldwide. In this study, to develop a more efficient assay procedure for the rapid detection of Salmonella Typhimurium, an immunochromatographic strip assay was developed using immunoliposome (anti-Salmonella IgG-tagged) encapsulated with sulforhodamine B (SRB). The detection sensitivity of the developed immunochromatographic assay was compared with a commercial immunochromatographic test strip using colloidal gold nanoparticles. The liposomes were prepared through a reverse-phase evaporation method by using a lipid and phospholipid mixture and SRB, a fluorescence dye, which was encapsulated in the phospholipid bilayer. Furthermore, the outer surface of the SRB-encapsulated liposome was conjugated with antibody (affinity-purified polyclonal goat anti-Salmonella IgG) to form an immunoliposome (size, 223 nm), used as the analytical reagent in the developed immunoassay. For this strip assay, a plastic-backed nitrocellulose strip was immobilized with two antibody zones. The lower zone of the strip referred to Salmonella antigen capture zone (test line), while the other zone served as a positive control (control line). The lower zone was coated with affinity-purified polyclonal goat anti-Salmonella IgG, while the upper zone was coated with rabbit anti-goat IgG. During capillary migration of the wicking solution (diluted liposome and Salmonella culture, each 50 관l), Salmonella was captured with surface-bound immunoliposomes at the antigen capture zone, while the unbound liposomes migrated upward and bound to another zone. The color density of the antigen capture zone was directly proportional to the amount of S. Typhimurium in the test sample. As a result, the detection limit of the immunochromatographic strip assay developed in this study against S. Typhimurium was found to be 10(2) CFU/ml, which was significantly higher than the detection limit (10(7) CFU/ml) of the commercial immunochromatographic test strip assay.</P>

Electrochemical coupled immunosensing platform based on graphene oxide/gold nanocomposite for sensitive detection of <i>Cronobacter sakazakii</i> in powdered infant formula

Shukla, Shruti,Haldorai, Yuvaraj,Bajpai, Vivek K.,Rengaraj, Arunkumar,Hwang, Seung Kyu,Song, Xinjie,Kim, Myunghee,Huh, Yun Suk,Han, Young-Kyu Elsevier 2018 Biosensors & bioelectronics Vol.109 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A sensitive electrochemical immunosensing platform for the detection of <I>Cronobacter sakazakii</I> was developed using a graphene oxide/gold (GO/Au) composite. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the Au nanoparticles, with an average size of < 30 nm, were well dispersed on the GO surface. For the detection of <I>C. sakazakii</I>, a polyclonal anti-<I>C. sakazakii</I> antibody (IgG) was covalently immobilized to the Au nanoparticles on the surface of the GO/Au composite coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The electrochemical sensing performance of immunofunctionalized GCE was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. Under optimized conditions, in pure culture there was a linear relationship between electrical signal and <I>C. sakazakii</I> levels over the range 2.0 × 10<SUP>2</SUP>–2.0 × 10<SUP>7</SUP> cfu/mL (R<SUP>2</SUP> = 0.999), with a detection limit of 2.0 × 10<SUP>1</SUP> cfu/mL. The total analytical time was 15 min per sample. The <I>C. sakazakii</I> electrochemical immunosensing assay was able to successfully detect 2.0 × 10<SUP>1</SUP> cfu/mL of <I>C. sakazakii</I> in artificially contaminated powdered infant formula without any enrichment or pre-enrichment steps. Furthermore, the recovery rates of the <I>C. sakazakii</I> electrochemical immunosensing assay following spiking of powdered infant formula with different concentrations of <I>C. sakazakii</I> (cfu/mL) were 82.58% at 2.0 × 10<SUP>1</SUP> cfu/mL, 84.86% at 2.0 × 10<SUP>2</SUP> cfu/mL, and 95.40% at 2.0 × 10<SUP>3</SUP> cfu/mL. The <I>C. sakazakii</I> electrochemical immunosensing assay had good selectivity, reproducibility, and reactivity compared with other <I>Cronobacter</I> spp. and/or pathogens belonging to other genera, indicating its significant potential in the clinical diagnosis of <I>C. sakazakii</I>.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Development of a GO/Au nanocomposite-based electrochemical immunosensing for <I>Cronobacter sakazakii</I> detection. </LI> <LI> The developed assay detected 2.0 × 10<SUP>1</SUP> cfu/mL of <I>C. sakazakii</I> in pure culture as well as in infant formula powder. </LI> <LI> Developed assay required a total analytical performance time of 15 min per sample. </LI> <LI> The assay facilitated sensitive, efficient, and rapid detection of <I>C. sakazakii</I> without any interfering factor. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

THE INTEGRAL EXPRESSION INVOLVING THE FAMILY OF LAGUERRE POLYNOMIALS AND BESSEL FUNCTION

Shukla, Ajay Kumar,Salehbhai, Ibrahim Abubaker Korean Mathematical Society 2012 대한수학회논문집 Vol.27 No.4

The principal aim of the paper is to investigate new integral expression $${\int}_0^{\infty}x^{s+1}e^{-{\sigma}x^2}L_m^{(\gamma,\delta)}\;({\zeta};{\sigma}x^2)\;L_n^{(\alpha,\beta)}\;({\xi};{\sigma}x^2)\;J_s\;(xy)\;dx$$, where $y$ is a positive real number; $\sigma$, $\zeta$ and $\xi$ are complex numbers with positive real parts; $s$, $\alpha$, $\beta$, $\gamma$ and $\delta$ are complex numbers whose real parts are greater than -1; $J_n(x)$ is Bessel function and $L_n^{(\alpha,\beta)}$ (${\gamma};x$) is generalized Laguerre polynomials. Some integral formulas have been obtained. The Maple implementation has also been examined.