A complete 3D map of Bell Glasstone spatial correction factors for BRAHMMA subcritical core

Shukla Shefali,Roy Tushar,Kashyap Yogesh,Shukla Mayank,Singh Prashant 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.9

Accelerator driven subcritical systems have long been discussed as facilities which can be used for solving the nuclear waste problem. The physics of these systems is very different from conventional reactors and new techniques had to be developed for reactivity monitoring. One such technique is the Area Ratio Method which studies the response of a subcritical system upon insertion of a large number of neutron pulses. An issue associated with this technique is the spatial dependence of measured reactivity which is intrinsic to the sub criticality of the system since the reactor does not operate on the fundamental mode and measured reactivity depends on the detector position. This is generally addressed by defining Bell-Glasstone spatial correction factor. This factor upon multiplication with measured reactivity gives the correct reactivity which is independent of detector location. Monte Carlo Methods are used for evaluating these factors. This paper presents a complete three dimensional map of spatial correction factors for BRAHMMA subcritical system. In addition, the dataset obtained also helps in identifying detector locations where the correction factor is close to unity, thereby implying no correction if the detector is used at those locations. © 2022 Korean Nuclear Society, Publish

Slant Submanifolds of (LCS)_n-manifolds

Shukla, Shiv Sharma,Shukla, Mukesh Kumar,Prasad, Rajendra Department of Mathematics 2014 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.54 No.4

In this article, we study slant and semi-slant submanifolds of $(LCS)_n$-manifolds. Integrability conditions of distributions involved in definition of semi-slant submanifolds of a $(LCS)_n$-manifold have been obtained.

Desmids (Chlorophyceae, Conjugales, Desmidiaceae) from Foothills of Western Himalaya, India

Shukla, Sunil Kumar,Shukla, Chandra Prakash,Misra, Pradeep Kumar The Korean Society of Phycology 2008 ALGAE Vol.23 No.1

Forty-eight taxa of desmids belonging to Class Chlorophyceae (Order - Conjugales, Family - Desmidiaceae), collected from different aquatic habitats of Lalkuan, Kathgodam and Pantnagar areas of Uttaranchal state and Pilibheet district of Uttar Pradesh, which are regions of foothills of Western Himalaya, have been described. These taxa belongs to 5 genera viz. Closterium Nitzsch (6 spp., 5 var., and 2 forma), Euastrum Ehrenberg (1 var.), Staurastrum Meyen (2 spp., 1 var., 1 forma), Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs (19 spp. and 10 var.), Pleurotaenium Naegeli (1 sp.). Staurastrum pseudopachyrhyncum Wolle (1884) is new record for desmid flora of India.

The Aqueous Extract of Withania coagulans Fruit Partially Reverses Nicotinamide/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Rats

Kirtikar Shukla,Piyush Dikshit,Rimi Shukla,Jasvinder K. Gambhir 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.8

Withania coagulans fruit has been shown to possess antihyperglycemic properties and is used in the traditional Indian system of medicine. However, there has no systematic study of its mechanism of action. In a rat model diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced by intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide (230 mg/kg of body weight) followed by streptozotocin at 55 mg/kg of body weight. After 96 h, mildly diabetic (MD) (fasting plasma glucose [FPG] = 7–11.1 mmol/L) and severely diabetic (SD) (FPG > 11.1 mmol/L) rats were treated with aqueous extract of W. coagulans fruit at doses of 125, 250,and 500 mg/kg of body weight/day orally. FPG, postprandial plasma glucose (PPPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),plasma insulin, tissue glycogen, and glucose-metabolizing enzymes were assayed at Day 30. Treatment of diabetic animals (MD and SD) with different doses of aqueous W. coagulans resulted in significantly decreased FPG, PPPG, and HbA1c (P < .01), whereas serum insulin increased significantly compared with that in diabetic-untreated rats (P < .01). MD and SD animals treated with aqueous W. coagulans also showed significant increases in liver and muscle glycogen compared with diabetic-untreated animals (P < .01). Moreover, activities of glucokinase and phosphofructokinase were also significantly increased (P < .01), whereas glucose-6-phosphatase activity was significantly decreased (P < .01) in MD and SD groups treated with aqueous W. coagulans compared with diabetic-untreated groups. The most effective dose of aqueous W. coagulans was 250 mg/kg of body weight. These results show that the aqueous extract of W. coagulans fruit has significant antihyperglycemic effects, which may be through the modulation of insulin levels and related enzyme activities.

Desmids (Chlorophyceae, Conjugales, Desmidiaceae) from Foothills of Western Himalaya, India

Sunil Kumar Shukla,Pradeep Kumar Misra,Chandra Prakash Shukla 한국조류학회I 2008 ALGAE Vol.23 No.1

Forty-eight taxa of desmids belonging to Class Chlorophyceae (Order - Conjugales, Family - Desmidiaceae), collected from different aquatic habitats of Lalkuan, Kathgodam and Pantnagar areas of Uttaranchal state and Pilibheet district of Uttar Pradesh, which are regions of foothills of Western Himalaya, have been described. These taxa belongs to 5 genera viz. Closterium Nitzsch (6 spp., 5 var., and 2 forma), Euastrum Ehrenberg (1 var.), Staurastrum Meyen (2 spp., 1 var., 1 forma), Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs (19 spp. and 10 var.), Pleurotaenium Naegeli (1 sp.). Staurastrum pseudopachyrhyncum Wolle (1884) is new record for desmid flora of India.

Fabrication and Characterization of Gold−Polymer Nanocomposite Plasmonic Nanoarrays in a Porous Alumina Template

Shukla, Shobha,Kim, Kyoung-Tae,Baev, A.,Yoon, Y. K.,Litchinitser, N. M.,Prasad, P. N. American Chemical Society 2010 ACS NANO Vol.4 No.4

<P>A facile, cost-effective, and manufacturable method to produce gold−polymer nanocomposite plasmonic nanorod arrays in high-aspect-ratio nanoporous alumina templates is reported, where the formation of gold nanoparticles and the polymerization of a photosensitive polymer by ultraviolet light are simultaneously performed. Transverse mode coupling within a two-dimensional array of the nanocomposite rods results in a progression of resonant modes in the visible and infrared spectral regions when illuminated at normal incidence, a phenomenon previously observed in nanoarrays of solid gold rods in an alumina template. Finite element full-wave analysis in a three-dimensional computational domain confirms our hypothesis that nanoparticles, arranged in a columnar structure, will show a response similar to that of solid gold rods. These studies demonstrate a new simple method of plasmonic nanoarray fabrication, apparently obviating the need for a cumbersome electrochemical process to grow nanoarrays.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2010/ancac3.2010.4.issue-4/nn9018398/production/images/medium/nn-2009-018398_0002.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn9018398'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of crude fractions of endophytic fungi of Ocimum sanctum Linn. in rats

Shukla, S.T.,Kulkarni, V.H.,Habbu, P.V.,Jagadeesh, K.S.,Patil, B.S.,Smita, D.M. 경희한의학연구센터 2012 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.12 No.2

Endophytic fungi are a rich source of novel organic compounds with interesting biological activities and a high level of biodiversity. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to isolate, characterize and screen the Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) root fungal endophytic fractions (TRF) for hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities. Endophytic fungi from Ocimum sanctum Linn. roots were isolated and cultured aseptically in PDA media. The full fledged grown fungus cultures were fermented in potato dextrose broth and fractionated using ethyl acetate. TRF-1 and TRF-2 were subjected free radical scavenging activities against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl free radicals and reducing power assay. TRF-1 was found to be potential free radical scavenger with $IC_{50}$ values of $71.83{\mu}g/ml$ for DPPH and $110.85{\mu}g/ml$ for hydroxyl radical respectively. TRF-1 and TRF-2 were further assessed for hepatoprotective activity in $CCl_4$ induced hepatotoxicity in-vivo. Results showed that TRF-1 (200 mg/kg p.o.) and TRF-2 (200 mg/kg p.o.) significantly reversed the actions of carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity, as evident by restoration of serum AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin, triglycerides and protein level to normal values as compared to $CCl_4$ treated group. Restoration of altered LPO (p<0.001), GSH (p<0.01) and catalase (p<0.01) by TRF-1 suggests that the hepatoprotective activity may be attributed to its antioxidant action. This was further supported by histopathological studies. TRF-1 was subjected to rDNA sequencing studies by PCR technique. Based on the morphological and molecular characterization, the fungus was identified as Paecilomyces variotti Bain. Therefore, endophytes from medicinal plants represent great potential for the discovery of new pharmacologically active metabolites.

Electrochemical coupled immunosensing platform based on graphene oxide/gold nanocomposite for sensitive detection of <i>Cronobacter sakazakii</i> in powdered infant formula

Shukla, Shruti,Haldorai, Yuvaraj,Bajpai, Vivek K.,Rengaraj, Arunkumar,Hwang, Seung Kyu,Song, Xinjie,Kim, Myunghee,Huh, Yun Suk,Han, Young-Kyu Elsevier 2018 Biosensors & bioelectronics Vol.109 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A sensitive electrochemical immunosensing platform for the detection of <I>Cronobacter sakazakii</I> was developed using a graphene oxide/gold (GO/Au) composite. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the Au nanoparticles, with an average size of < 30 nm, were well dispersed on the GO surface. For the detection of <I>C. sakazakii</I>, a polyclonal anti-<I>C. sakazakii</I> antibody (IgG) was covalently immobilized to the Au nanoparticles on the surface of the GO/Au composite coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The electrochemical sensing performance of immunofunctionalized GCE was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. Under optimized conditions, in pure culture there was a linear relationship between electrical signal and <I>C. sakazakii</I> levels over the range 2.0 × 10<SUP>2</SUP>–2.0 × 10<SUP>7</SUP> cfu/mL (R<SUP>2</SUP> = 0.999), with a detection limit of 2.0 × 10<SUP>1</SUP> cfu/mL. The total analytical time was 15 min per sample. The <I>C. sakazakii</I> electrochemical immunosensing assay was able to successfully detect 2.0 × 10<SUP>1</SUP> cfu/mL of <I>C. sakazakii</I> in artificially contaminated powdered infant formula without any enrichment or pre-enrichment steps. Furthermore, the recovery rates of the <I>C. sakazakii</I> electrochemical immunosensing assay following spiking of powdered infant formula with different concentrations of <I>C. sakazakii</I> (cfu/mL) were 82.58% at 2.0 × 10<SUP>1</SUP> cfu/mL, 84.86% at 2.0 × 10<SUP>2</SUP> cfu/mL, and 95.40% at 2.0 × 10<SUP>3</SUP> cfu/mL. The <I>C. sakazakii</I> electrochemical immunosensing assay had good selectivity, reproducibility, and reactivity compared with other <I>Cronobacter</I> spp. and/or pathogens belonging to other genera, indicating its significant potential in the clinical diagnosis of <I>C. sakazakii</I>.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Development of a GO/Au nanocomposite-based electrochemical immunosensing for <I>Cronobacter sakazakii</I> detection. </LI> <LI> The developed assay detected 2.0 × 10<SUP>1</SUP> cfu/mL of <I>C. sakazakii</I> in pure culture as well as in infant formula powder. </LI> <LI> Developed assay required a total analytical performance time of 15 min per sample. </LI> <LI> The assay facilitated sensitive, efficient, and rapid detection of <I>C. sakazakii</I> without any interfering factor. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Analysis of building frames with viscoelastic dampers under base excitation

Shukla, A.K.,Datta, T.K. Techno-Press 2001 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.11 No.1

A frequency domain response analysis is presented for building frames passively controlled by viscoelastic dampers, under harmonic ground excitation. Three different models are used to represent the linear dynamic force-deformation characteristics of viscoelastic dampers namely, Kelvin model, Linear hysteretic model and Maxwell model. The frequency domain solution is obtained by (i) an iterative pseudo-force method, which uses undamped mode shapes and frequencies of the system, (ii) an approximate modal strain energy method, which uses an equivalent modal damping of the system in each mode of vibration, and (iii) an exact method which uses complex frequency response function of the system. The responses obtained by three different methods are compared for different combinations of viscoelastic dampers giving rise to both classically and non-classically damped cases. In addition, the effect of the modelling of viscoelastic dampers on the response is investigated for a certain frequency range of interest. The results of the study are useful in appropriate modelling of viscoelastic dampers and in understanding the implication of using modal analysis procedure for building frames which are passively controlled by viscoelastic dampers against base excitation.

Swelling Controlled Delivery of Antibiotic from a Hydrophilic Macromolecular Matrix with Hydrophobic Moieties

Shukla, Sandeep,Bajpai, Anil Kumar,Bajpai, Jaya The Polymer Society of Korea 2003 Macromolecular Research Vol.11 No.4

A hydrophilic macromolecular network containing hydrophobic moieties has been prepared by free radical copolymerization of acrylamide and styrene in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and its potential as controlled drug delivery carrier was evaluated with tetracycline as a model antibiotic drug. The amount of drug was assayed spectrophotometrically. The network was characterized by optical microscopy, infra-red spectroscopy and structural parameters such as average molecular weight between cross1inks ($M_c$), cross1ink density (q) and number of elastically effective chains ($V_e$) were evaluated. It was found that with increasing concentration of PVA, ST and MBA in the hydrogel, the release rate initially increases but after definite concentrations of the above components the release rate falls. In the case of AM, release rate constantly decreases with increasing AM concentration in the hydrogel.