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Baseline risk of recurrence in stage I–II endometrial carcinoma
Shinsuke Sasada,Mayu Yunokawa,Yae Takehara,Mitsuya Ishikawa,Shunichi Ikeda,Tomoyasu Kato,Kenji Tamura 대한부인종양학회 2018 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.29 No.1
Objective: Though there are no evidences that postoperative therapy improves overall survival (OS) in stage I–II endometrial carcinoma, many women receive postoperative radiation or chemotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the baseline risk of recurrence after complete resection without any adjuvant therapies and to suppose the validity of postoperative therapy for stage I–II endometrial carcinoma. Methods: Charts for patients with stage I–II endometrial carcinoma who underwent operation without postoperative therapy between January 2005 and December 2011 were retrospectively reviewed and the baseline risk of recurrence and prognosis were assessed. Risk classifications were performed according to European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) clinical practice guidelines and Japanese guideline written by Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology Group. Results: Among 374 patients who underwent complete resection, 311 were evaluable. Five-year recurrence rates by ESMO and Japanese were 2.6% and 3.1% in low-risk, 9.2% and 6.6% in intermediate-risk and 13.5% and 13.8% in high-risk group (p=0.003 and 0.015, respectively). High-risk group had worse OS compared with low- and intermediate-risk groups (5-year OS, low: 97.9% and 97.6%, intermediate: 97.9% and 98.8%, and high: 89.5% and 87.5%; p=0.003 and 0.008, respectively). Independent predictive factors of recurrence were age over 60 years, type 2 (estrogen-independent) and peritoneal cytology. Conclusion: ESMO and Japanese risk classification similarly stratify the baseline risk of recurrence. Patients with stage I–II endometrial carcinoma, especially low- and intermediate-risk diseases, have low recurrence rate and favorable OS, and the benefit of postoperative therapy might be small.
자연환기병용형 하이브리드 공조시에 유입외기의 온도변화가 실내환경에 미치는 영향
장현재,가등신개 대한건축학회 2001 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.21 No.2
The characteristics of a hybrid air-conditioning system, utilizing natural and mechanical ventilation, is investigated in an office setting. The application of this hybrid air-conditioning system in intermediate seasons of Spring and Autumn, is expected to improve the indoor air quality (IAQ) on the one hand, and lower the energy consumption on the other. For designing datum of hybrid air-conditioning system, the characteristics of the indoor environment are examined with CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation under various conditions of incoming outdoor air temperature for natural cross ventilation. Cooling load of the mechanical air-conditioning system to maintain the task zone at the target temperature (26℃) is analyzed based on the results of these simulations. When the outdoor air of lower temperature than the indoor air flows into the room, it drops near the window opening because of the negative buoyancy effect in the room and cools the task zone energy efficiently.
Exceedance probability as a tool to evaluate the wind environment of urban areas
Mahmoud Bady,Shinsuke Kato,Yoshihiro Ishida,Hong Huang,Takeo Takahashi 한국풍공학회 2008 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.11 No.6
The present study aims to estimate the wind ventilation performance for pedestrian level domains from the air quality point of view. Three typical models of a dense urban area were considered and numerically simulated in order to examine the effects of the geometry of such models on wind flow characteristics, which in turn affect the air quality, within the pedestrian domain of a street canyon located within this area. The calculated flow fields were employed to estimate the exceedance probabilities within the study domain using a new approach: air exchange rate within the domain. The study has been applied to nine cities in Japan: Tokyo, Osaka, Sapporo, Niigata, Fukuoka, Nagoya, Sendai, Yokohama, and Kyoto, based on their mean wind velocity data. The results demonstrated that the exceedance probability analysis of the pedestrian wind environment could be a valuable tool during the design stage of inhabited areas for the evaluation of pollutant-removal efficiency by the applied wind. Also, the calculated probabilities demonstrated substantial dependence on both the geometry of building arrays and the wind conditions of the nine cities.
Exceedance probability as a tool to evaluate the wind environment of urban areas
Bady, Mahmoud,Kato, Shinsuke,Ishida, Yoshihiro,Huang, Hong,Takahashi, Takeo Techno-Press 2008 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.11 No.6
The present study aims to estimate the wind ventilation performance for pedestrian level domains from the air quality point of view. Three typical models of a dense urban area were considered and numerically simulated in order to examine the effects of the geometry of such models on wind flow characteristics, which in turn affect the air quality, within the pedestrian domain of a street canyon located within this area. The calculated flow fields were employed to estimate the exceedance probabilities within the study domain using a new approach: air exchange rate within the domain. The study has been applied to nine cities in Japan: Tokyo, Osaka, Sapporo, Niigata, Fukuoka, Nagoya, Sendai, Yokohama, and Kyoto, based on their mean wind velocity data. The results demonstrated that the exceedance probability analysis of the pedestrian wind environment could be a valuable tool during the design stage of inhabited areas for the evaluation of pollutant-removal efficiency by the applied wind. Also, the calculated probabilities demonstrated substantial dependence on both the geometry of building arrays and the wind conditions of the nine cities.
Hong Huang,Shinsuke Kato,Ryozo Ooka,Taifeng Jiang 한국풍공학회 2006 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.9 No.4
The concentration of air pollution along roads is higher than the surrounding area because ventilation efficiency has decreased due to the high-density use of space along roads in recent years. In this study, ventilation efficiency around a heavily traffic road covered by an elevated highway and hemmed in along its side by buildings is evaluated using Visitation Frequency (VF, the frequency for pollutant to return to the objective domain) and Purging Flow Rate (PFR, the air flow rate for defining the local domain-averaged concentration). These are analyzed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based on the standard k-e model. The VF and PFR characteristics of four objective domains are analyzed in terms of the changes in wind direction and arrangements of the fencing dividing up and down direction in the road center under the elevated highway. The resulting VFs are more than 1.0 for all cases, which means that pollutants return to the objective domain restricted by the elevated highway and side buildings. The influence of the arrangement of the buildings around the objective domain and the structure in the domain on the VF is substantial. In cases where there are no obstacles under the elevated highway, the local air exchange rate in the domain tends to be improved. Using these indices, the urban ventilation efficiencies between different urban areas can be compared easily.