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Epigenome editing: targeted manipulation of epigenetic modifications in plants
Shin Hosub,Choi Woo Lee,Lim Joo Young,Huh Jin Hoe 한국유전학회 2022 Genes & Genomics Vol.44 No.3
Background: Epigenetic modifications play important roles in diverse cellular processes such as X chromosome inactivation, cell differentiation, development and senescence. DNA methylation and histone modifications are major epigenetic modifications that regulate chromatin structure and gene expression without DNA sequence changes. Epigenetic alterations may induce phenotypic changes stable enough for mitotic or meiotic inheritance. Moreover, the reversibility of epigenetic marks makes the manipulation of chromatin and epigenetic signature an attractive strategy for therapeutic and breeding purposes. Targeted epigenetic manipulation, or epigenome editing, at the gene of interest commonly utilizes specific epigenetic modifiers fused with a targeting module of the conventional genome editing system. Objective: This review aims to summarize essential epigenetic components and introduce currently available epigenetic mutants and the corresponding epialleles in plants. Furthermore, advances in epigenome editing technology are discussed while proposing its potential application to plant breeding. Conclusions: Epimutations associated with useful traits may provide a valuable resource for crop development. It is important to explore epimutations in a variety of crop species while understanding the fundamental aspects of epigenetic regulation of agronomically important traits such as yield, quality, disease resistance and stress tolerance. In the end, plant breeding programs through epigenome editing may help not only to expand the use of limited genetic resources but also to alleviate consumers' concerns about genetically manipulated crops.
Hosub Shin,Hye Rang Park,Jeong Eun Park,Seung Hwa Yu,Gibum Yi,Jung Hyo Kim,Wonjun Koh,김현희,Soo-Seong Lee,허진호 한국유전학회 2021 Genes & Genomics Vol.43 No.3
Background Hybridization and polyploidization events are important driving forces in plant evolution. Allopolyploids formed between diferent species can be naturally or artifcially created but often sufer from genetic instability and infertility in successive generations. xBrassicoraphanus is an intergeneric allopolyploid obtained from a cross between Brassica rapa and Raphanus sativus, providing a useful resource for genetic and genomic study in hybrid species. Objective The current study aims to understand the cause of hybrid sterility and pollen abnormality in diferent lines of synthetic xBrassicoraphanus from the cytogenetic perspective. Methods Alexander staining was used to assess the pollen viability. Cytogenetic analysis was employed to monitor meiotic chromosome behaviors in pollen mother cells (PMCs). Origins of parental chromosomes in xBrassicoraphanus meiocytes were determined by genome in situ hybridization analysis. Results The xBrassicoraphanus lines BB#4 and BB#6 showed high rates of seed abortion and pollen deformation. Abnormal chromosome behaviors were observed in their PMCs, frequently forming univalents and inter-chromosomal bridges during meiosis. A positive correlation also exists between meiotic defects and the formation of micronuclei, which is conceivably responsible for unbalanced gamete production and pollen sterility. Conclusion These results suggest that unequal segregation of meiotic chromosomes, due in part to non-homologous interactions, is responsible for micronuclei and unbalanced gamete formation, eventually leading to pollen degeneration and inferior fertility in unstable xBrassicoraphanus lines.
Lee, Jiyoon,Jang, Hosung,Shin, Hosub,Choi, Woo Lee,Mok, Young Geun,Huh, Jin Hoe Oxford University Press 2014 Nucleic acids research Vol.42 No.18
<P>DNA methylation is a primary epigenetic modification regulating gene expression and chromatin structure in many eukaryotes. Plants have a unique DNA demethylation system in that 5-methylcytosine (5mC) is directly removed by DNA demethylases, such as DME/ROS1 family proteins, but little is known about the downstream events. During 5mC excision, DME produces 3′-phosphor-α, β-unsaturated aldehyde and 3′-phosphate by successive β- and δ-eliminations, respectively. The kinetic studies revealed that these 3′-blocking lesions persist for a significant amount of time and at least two different enzyme activities are required to immediately process them. We demonstrate that <I>Arabidopsis</I> AP endonucleases APE1L, APE2 and ARP have distinct functions to process such harmful lesions to allow nucleotide extension. <I>DME</I> expression is toxic to <I>E. coli</I> due to excessive 5mC excision, but expression of <I>APE1L</I> or <I>ARP</I> significantly reduces DME-induced cytotoxicity. Finally, we propose a model of base excision repair and DNA demethylation pathway unique to plants.</P>
Gate-tunable large nonreciprocal charge transport in noncentrosymmetric LaAlO₃/SrTiO₃ interfaces
Daeseong Choe,Mi-Jin Jin,Shin-Ik Kim,Hyung-Jin Choi,Junhyeon Jo,Inseon Oh,Jungmin Park,Hosub Jin,Hyun Cheol Koo,Byoung-Chul Min,Suk-Min Hong,Hyun-Woo Lee,Seung-Hyub Baek,Jung-Woo Yoo 한국자기학회 2020 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.30 No.2
Gate-tunable nonreciprocal response in noncentrosymmetric LaAlO₃/SrTiO₃ interfaces
Daeseong Choe,Mi-Jin Jin,Shin-Ik Kim,Hyung-Jin Choi,Junhyeon Jo,Inseon Oh,Jungmin Park,Hosub Jin,Hyun Cheol Koo,Byoung-Chul Min,Suk-Min Hong,Hyun-Woo Lee,Seung-Hyub Baek,Jung-Woo Yoo 한국자기학회 2019 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.29 No.2