http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Shin, Jinsoo,Choi, Jong-Gyun,Lee, Jung-Woon,Lee, Cheol-Kwon,Song, Jae-Gu,Son, Jun-Young Korean Nuclear Society 2021 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.53 No.10
As a form of industrial control systems (ICS), nuclear instrumentation and control (I&C) systems have been digitalized increasingly. This has raised in turn cyber security concerns. Cyber security for ICS is important because cyber-attacks against ICS can cause not only equipment damage and loss of production but also personal and public safety hazards unlike in general IT environments. Numerous risk analyses have been carried out to enhance the safety of ICS and recently, many studies related to the cyber security of ICS are being conducted. Many existing risk analyses and cyber security studies have considered safety and cyber security separately. However, both safety and cyber security perspectives should be considered when analyzing risks for complex and critical ICS facilities such as nuclear power plants (NPPs). In this paper, the STPA-SafeSec methodology is selected to consider both safety and security perspectives when performing a risk analysis for NPPs in order to assess impacts on the safety by cyber-attacks against the digital I&C systems. The STPA-SafeSec methodology was applied to a test-bed system that simulates a condensate water (CD) system in an NPP. The process of the application up to the development of mitigation strategies is described in detail.
( Hae Gyun Park ),( Pyung Gul Park ),( Won Joong Kim ),( Yong Hee Park ),( Hyun Kang ),( Chong Wha Baek ),( Yong Hun Jung ),( Young Cheol Woo ),( Gill Hoi Koo ),( Hwa Yong Shin ) 대한통증학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.27 No.1
Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is one of the most difficult pain syndromes to treat. Invasive treatments may be considered when patients fail to obtain adequate pain relief from noninvasive treatment approaches. Here, we present three cases of PHN in the mandibular branch treated with ultrasound-assisted mental nerve block and pulsed radiofrequency treatment. None of the patients had adequate pain relief from the medical therapy, so we performed the mental nerve block on the affected side under ultrasound assistance. Two patients showed satisfactory pain relief continuously over 12 months without any further interventions, whereas one patient only had short-term pain relief. For the patient had short-term pain relief we performed pulsed radiofrequency treatment (PRFT) on the left mental nerve under ultrasound assistance. After PRFT, the patient had adequate pain relief for 6 months and there was no need for further management. (Korean J Pain 2014; 27: 81-85)
복막투석 환자에서 체액량 결정을 위한 Bioimpedance Analysis의 유용성
송호철 ( Ho Cheol Song ),주겨레 ( Kyu Re Joo ),홍유아 ( Yu Ah Hong ),이현정 ( Hyun Jeong Lee ),김용균 ( Yong Gyun Kim ),신석준 ( Seok Joon Shin ),김병수 ( Byung Soo Kim ),김영옥 ( Young Ok Kim ),김용수 ( Yong Soo Kim ),최의진 ( Eu 대한신장학회 2008 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.27 No.2
목적: 복막투석을 시행하는 말기신부전 환자에서 정확한 체액량의 결정과 조절이 고혈압의 치료에 필수적이다. 그러나 현재의 경험적 방법에 의한 건체중의 결정은 특이성과 감수성이 낮아 객관적인 방법이 필요한 상태이다. 본 연구는 복막 투석환자의 체액량 결정에 bioimpedance analysis (BIA)의 유용성 알아보기 위하여 시행하였다. 방법: 안정적으로 복막투석 중인 환자 32명을 대상으로 하여 24시간 생활혈압 (24 hours ambulatory blood pressure), ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide), PET (peritoneal equilibration test)를 시행하였고, 혈압을 기준으로 정상혈압군 (A군, 11명), 고혈압이 있으나 약물치료를 통해 평균혈압이 130/80 mmHg 이하로 조절되는 군 (B군, 9명), 그리고 2가지 이상의 약물투여에도 불구하고 평균혈압이 130/80 mmHg 이상인 군 (C군, 12명)으로 나누었고, 이들 환자를 대상으로 BIA를 시행하여 nECF (normalized Extracellular fluid: ECF/Height), ECF/ICF (Extracelluar fluid/Intracellular fluid ratio), ECF/TBW (Extracellular fluid/Total body water) 지표를 측정하고 그 결과를 비교하였다. 또한 측정치를 정상신기능을 가진 종합검진 환자에서 측정한 BIA의 결과와 비교하였다. 결과: 대상 환자의 평균 연령은 53±12세였고, 남녀 비 1:1.5이었으며, 평균 49±38개월 동안 복막투석을 받고 있었다. 본 연구의 대상에서 A군 (10.3±7.2 pg/mL), B군 (13.7±8.1 pg/mL)군에 비해 C군 (53.1±13.6 pg/mL)에서 ANP의 측정치가 유의하게 높았고 (p<0.05), BIA를 이용하여 측정한 nECF, ECF/ICF, ECF/TBW 각각의 측정치가 C군에서 A, B군에 비해 유의하게 높았으나 A군과 B군과는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 정상신기능을 가진 대상에서 측정한 nECF, ECF/ICF, ECF/TBW 측정치는 A, B군과는 차이를 보이지 않았으나 C군에 비해 유의하게 낮게 측정되었다 (p<0.05). ANP의 측정치와 nECF, ECF/ICF, ECF/TBW의 경우 의미있는 상관관계를 보였다 (p<0.05). PET의 결과에 따른 ANP와 BIA 측정치는 의미있는 차이는 보이지 않았다. 결론: 안정적으로 복막투석중인 환자에서 BIA의 측정은 환자의 체액량의 상태를 예측할 수 있는 유용한 지표의 하나로 판단되며 향후 임상에서 적용을 위해 전향적 연구가 필요하다. Purpose: Determination of accurate body fluid is essential for treating hypertension in end stage renal disease patients undergoing dialysis. However, the determination of dry body weight based on clinical assessment has low sensitivity and specificity. This study was done in order to examine the usefulness of bioimpedance analysis in determining the volume of CAPD patients. Methods: Twenty-four hours ambulatory blood pressure and plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were measured and peritoneal equilibration test (PET) were obtained from 32 stable CAPD patients. Patients were divided into three groups; patients with normal blood pressure (group A, 11 people), and patients who have hypertension but controlled (under 130/80mmHg) with anti-hypertension medication (group B, 9 people), patients who have high blood pressure (over 130/80 mmHg) with 2 more anti-hypertension medication (group C, 12 people). We measured normalized extracellular fluid (nECF), extracelluar fluid/intracellular fluid ratio (ECF/ICF) and extracellular fluid/total body water (ECF/TBW) of each group by using bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and compared the results of each group. We also compared the values of nECF, ECF/ICF, ECF/TBW indices from patients with those from normal renal function people. Result: Thirteen men and nineteen women participated in this test. Their mean age was 53±12 years and mean duration of CAPD was 49±38 months. Among three groups, plasma ANP level in group C (53.1±13.6 pg/mL) was significantly higher than the level in group A (10.3±7.2 pg/mL) and B (13.7±8.1 pg/mL) (p<0.05). The values of nECF, ECF/ICF, ECF/TBW that measured by BIA in group C was significant higher than the values in group A and B, but the values in group A and B were not significant different. The values of nECF, ECF/ICF, ECF/TBW from patients with normal kidney function were not different from those of group A and B, but the values were significantly lower than the values in group C (p<0.05). Plasma ANP level was correlated with nECF, ECF/ICF, ECF/TBW (p<0.05) value. Plasma ANP and nECF, ECF/ICF, ECF/TBW was not influenced different PET result. Conclusion: BIA is considered as a useful standard to predict the volume status in CAPD patients. In the future, prospective studies are demanded for clinical application.
현병철(Byeong Cheol Hyeon),김창균(Chang Gyun Kim),신종원(Jong Won Shin),조보형(Bo H. Cho),조지만(Ji Man Cho) 전력전자학회 2006 전력전자학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
최근 들어 전원측에서 부하측으로 에너지를 전달할 때 비접촉식으로 사용하는 응용이 늘고 있다. 비접촉식으로 에너지를 전달하기 위하여 전원측과 부하측이 공간적으로 분리된 변압기를 사용하는데, 이를 분리형 변압기라 한다. 분리형 변압기는 낮은 결합계수로 인해, 컨버터에 적용할 경우 에너지 전달의 비효율성 등의 여러 가지 문제를 발생시킨다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 분리형 변압기의 문제를 극복하고 컨버터의 에너지 전달의 효율성을 높이기 위한 공진 회로의 비교분석 및 최적 설계를 수행하였다. 분리형 변압기를 사용하는 공진형 컨버터의 기본적인 특성 파악을 통해 중요한 설계 변수를 도출하며 새로운 목적함수를 제시하여 분리형 변압기의 단점을 가장 잘 보완할 수 있는 컨버터 설계가 가능하도록 한다. 8개의 기본적인 공진 형태를 설정하고 이들의 특성 및 성능을 비교 분석하고 최적 설계를 수행한다.
Lim, Dong-Gyun,Park, Youn-Hee,Kim, Sung-Eun,Jung, Eun-Jung,Jeong, Seong-Hee,Lee, Hyangsin,Shin, Su-Jin,Park, Chan-Sik,Han, Duck-Jong,Kim, Song-Cheol Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2012 Transplantation Vol.94 No.8
BACKGROUND: The ability to induce tolerance, or at least minimize the need for immunosuppressive therapy, is a high priority in organ transplantation. Accomplishing this goal requires a novel method for determining when a patient has become tolerant to or is rejecting their graft. Here, we sought to develop an efficient monitoring protocol based on gene expression profiles of recipient T cells in murine skin and islet allograft models. METHODS: Unlike previous studies, here, gene expression analysis was focused on donor antigen-reactive T cells, which were prepared by collecting CD69 T cells from cocultures of recipient peripheral T cells and donor antigen-presenting cells. Candidate tolerance and rejection biomarker genes were selected from a CD69 T-cell microarray analysis, and their expression levels were measured in the recipient CD69 T-cell fraction using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Our new monitoring protocol was capable of precisely detecting the immune status of recipients relative to their graft regardless of the organ received, whether they were taking immunosuppressive drugs, or different strains of origin. CONCLUSIONS: Gene expression analysis focusing on recipient CD69 T cells as the donor antigen-reactive T-cell population could be used as an effective and sensitive method for monitoring transplant patients.