How to Establish Acute Myeloid Leukemia Xenograft Models Using Immunodeficient Mice

Shan, Wu-Lin,Ma, Xiao-Ling Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.12

The discovery of the immunodeficient mice has provided a tool for establishing animal models as hosts for in vivo analysis of AML. Various model systems have been established in the last few decades, and it is essential that murine AML models are developed to exploit more specific, targeted therapeutics. In this review, we concentrate on the models of AML and discuss the development of immunodeficiency models for understanding of leukemogenesis, describe those now available and their values and document the methods used for establishing and identifying AML mice models, as well as factors influencing engraftment of human AML in immunodeficient mice. Thus, the function of this article is to provide clinicians and experimentalists with a chronological, comprehensive appraisal of all AML model systems.

Suppression of GHS-R in AgRP Neurons Mitigates Diet-Induced Obesity by Activating Thermogenesis

Wu, Chia-Shan,Bongmba, Odelia Y. N.,Yue, Jing,Lee, Jong Han,Lin, Ligen,Saito, Kenji,Pradhan, Geetali,Li, De-Pei,Pan, Hui-Lin,Xu, Allison,Guo, Shaodong,Xu, Yong,Sun, Yuxiang MDPI AG 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.18 No.4

<P>Ghrelin, an orexigenic hormone released primarily from the gut, signals the hypothalamus to stimulate growth hormone release, enhance appetite and promote weight gain. The ghrelin receptor, aka Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor (GHS-R), is highly expressed in the brain, with highest expression in Agouti-Related Peptide (AgRP) neurons of the hypothalamus. We recently reported that neuron-specific deletion of GHS-R completely prevents diet-induced obesity (DIO) in mice by activating non-shivering thermogenesis. To further decipher the specific neuronal circuits mediating the metabolic effects of GHS-R, we generated AgRP neuron-specific GHS-R knockout mice (<I>AgRP-Cre</I>;<I>Ghsr<SUP>f/f</SUP></I>). Our data showed that GHS-R in AgRP neurons is required for ghrelin’s stimulatory effects on growth hormone secretion, acute food intake and adiposity, but not for long-term total food intake. Importantly, deletion of GHS-R in AgRP neurons attenuated diet-induced obesity (DIO) and enhanced cold-resistance in mice fed high fat diet (HFD). The HFD-fed knockout mice showed increased energy expenditure, and exhibited enhanced thermogenic activation in both brown and subcutaneous fat; this implies that GHS-R suppression in AgRP neurons enhances sympathetic outflow. In summary, our results suggest that AgRP neurons are key site for GHS-R mediated thermogenesis, and demonstrate that GHS-R in AgRP neurons plays crucial roles in governing energy utilization and pathogenesis of DIO.</P>

Analysis of non-point and point source pollution load in DongPieHong Ditch

Shan, Yu,Chen, Jun,Jin, Jie,Song, YongLian,Liu, Jun,Wu, DongBiao,Wu, Ke Urban Science Institute 2019 도시과학 Vol.8 No.2

In this study, the DongPieHong Ditch were taken as the research object, five sampling points were set to measure the COD, NH₃-N,TNandTPindexes. The correlation and principal component analysis were used to judge the main pollution sources and calculate pollution contribution rate. According to the population in the basin, the load of point source pollution into the river was estimated. As a result, the load of COD, NH₃-N and TP into the river was 323.04t/a, 43.8t/a and 3.9t/a, respectively. According to the statistics of the rainfall in the basin, the concentrations of COD, TP and NH₃-N in the initial rainwater were measured and calculated for non-point source pollution, and the results shown that the inflow loads of COD, NH₃-N and TP into the river were 34.59t/a, 0.12t/a and 0.71t/a, respectively. It was found that the main cause of the pollution in the east flash flood gully was point source pollution, and the proportions of COD, NH₃-N and TP into the river were 90.33%, 99.72% and 84.61%, respectively.

Potential of a combination of entomopathogenic fungal strains and a non-ionic surfactant to control the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)

Wu Sing-Shan,Tseng Ching-Tzu,Yang Yu-Hung,Liu Yao-Chia,Chang Ju-Chun,Gyawali Purushottam,Li Yi-Hsuan,Yang Tzu-Hao,Tsai Yi-Fang,Tang Li-Cheng,Nai Yu-Shin 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.4

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is an emerging invasive pest in Taiwan that feeds on a wide range of crops and causes serious damage. Herein, an entomopathogenic fungal library (EFLib) was constructed to identify potential microbes to control FAW. Twenty-eight indigenous entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) were iso lated and investigated for their potential pathogenicity, with Metarhizium pinghaense (Mp-NCHU-124) and Beauveria bassiana (Bb-NCHU-157) exerting dose-dependent effects on the 4th instar FAW larvae. The non-ionic surfactant Silwet L-77 rapidly killed FAW larvae after spraying at a concentration of 300 mg/kg and the toxic effect of Silwet L-77 on FAW larvae was dose-dependent. When the EPF isolates (10 6 conidia/mL) were applied to FAW larvae in combination with the non-ionic surfactant Silwet L-77 (30–90 mg/kg), the mortality rate dramatically increased and the LT 50 reduced, with increased fungal mycosis (Mp-NCHU-124: 38% to 72% and Bb-NCHU-157: 20 to 62%), indicating the high compatibility of EPF with the non-ionic surfactant. Thus, the Silwet L-77+EPF combined formulation has potential for practical field application for FAW pest control and sustainable agriculture in the future.

Nonlinear resonance of porous functionally graded nanoshells with geometrical imperfection

Wu-Bin Shan,Gui-Lin She 국제구조공학회 2023 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.88 No.4

Employing the non-local strain gradient theory (NSGT), this paper investigates the nonlinear resonance characteristics of functionally graded material (FGM) nanoshells with initial geometric imperfection for the first time. The effective material properties of the porous FGM nanoshells with even distribution of porosities are estimated by a modified power-law model. With the guidance of Love’s thin shell theory and considering initial geometric imperfection, the strain equations of the shells are obtained. In order to characterize the small-scale effect of the nanoshells, the nonlocal parameter and strain gradient parameter are introduced. Subsequently, the Euler-Lagrange principle was used to derive the motion equations. Considering three boundary conditions, the Galerkin principle combined with the modified Lindstedt Poincare (MLP) method are employed to discretize and solve the motion equations. Finally, the effects of initial geometric imperfection, functional gradient index, strain gradient parameters, non-local parameters and porosity volume fraction on the nonlinear resonance of the porous FGM nanoshells are examined.

Thermal Insulation of Wet Empire Style Dress and Spencer Jacket by Thermal Manikin Method

( Shan Wu ),( Youngjoo Na ) 한국감성과학회 2015 추계학술대회 Vol.2015 No.-

Empire style dress in the late 18th and early 19th attracted the hugely popular among women. High waisted and graceful styles are known as the Empire style. The volume in the skirt is great and breast is exposed a lot. Underwear such as the corset and panier did not wear in the dress. Women wore the dress in winter as well as in summer, however, they just wore spencer jacket or shawl over the dress. Furthermore, this fashion gained popularity not only a young lady but also older women. At the time when wearing this clothing for daily life or work, in particular, a lot of women in the winter felt cold. When women continue to cough, they look beautiful because of delicate femininity, but health was deteriorated and they even died. Even they wore wet robe to render the erotic image of see-through effect. Because of thin and wet dress, they would feel the terrible sense of dissatisfaction. We want to investigate that these environment is how much risk to health. No one knows thermal insulation of the empire style dress, specially wet condition. We find out thermal insulation and layer effect of empire style dress and jacket from thermal manikin method. In particular, when women wearing the dress got into perspiration or in rain environment, they felt unpleasant.

From Identity to Economy

Wu Yu-Shan 동아시아재단 2013 Global Asia Vol.8 No.1

语序类型学视角下的汉韩介词联系项对比

오선자(Wu, Shan-Zi)(吴,善子) 대한중국학회 2020 중국학 Vol.71 No.-

本文根据语序类型学理论,确立汉韩介词联系项系统,考察汉韩介词联系项的句法功能和语义功能,并在此基础上进行对比分析,证实类型学参项内容。汉语的介词、韩语的一些助词和惯用型都为动词介引间接论元,表明动词与之论元之间的关系,具有介词联系项功能。汉韩两种语言的介词(韩语的助词和惯用型)在介宾短语内的介词语序类型以及数量上有较大的差异:汉语有前置介词、后置介词和框式介词,数量也不断增多,属于半开放性词项,而韩语只有后置介词,数量少而较稳定,是半封闭性词项。汉语前置介词和韩语后置介词是类型学上的和谐组配,汉语和韩语的介词参项特点符合类型学共性原则,反映了SVO类型语言和SOV类型语言的介词联系项差异。汉韩介词中表境事和关事的介词比较多,而表比事、因事、主事和客事的介词都比较少。 Based on the theories of word order typology, this study intends to establish the system of adpositionsfrom Chinese and Koreanin terms of typological parametersbyexamining and comparing their syntactic and semantic functions. Many Chinese prepositions and Koreangrammaticalauxiliaries areadposition universals in preposition-based argument structure for leveragingsubject and predicate relationship. Chinese has an increasing number of prepositions, postpositions and circumpositionsina semi-open state, but Korean has a relatively small and stable number of postpositions in a semi-closed form.Despite the discrepancy ofnumbers and types between the two languages, Chinese preposition and Korean postposition are congenial pairs from a typological perspective,indicating the contrast of adpositions between SVO and SOV languages,given that both languages havemore adpositionsof situational and relational functionsthan of comparative, causal,subjective and predicative functions.

태극권 운동이 여성치매노인의 인지기능 및 기능체력에 미치는 영향

오산산 ( Shan Shan Wu ),강동근 ( Dong Keun Kang ),계홍경 ( Hong Qing Ji ),박정준 ( Jung Jun Park ) 한국운동생리학회 2015 운동과학 Vol.24 No.2

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Tai Chi on cognitive function and functional fitness in elderly women with dementia. METHODS: The subjects were 40 elderly women with dementia, aged over 65 years old. They were randomly divided into Tai Chi group (TG, n=20) and control group (CG, n=20). Tai Chi exercise was composed of 60 min/day, 3 days/week, for 12 weeks. The intensity of Tai Chi exercise was 10-11 RPE for week-1 to 6 and 12-13 RPE for week-7 to 12. Before and after Tai chi exercise training, Mini-Mental State Examination-Korea (MMSE-K) test and Senior Fitness Test (SFT) were performed to measure cognitive function and functional fitness, respectively. SPSS Ver. 21.0 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: After 12 weeks of Tai Chi exercise program, there was a significant interaction between group and time in MMSE-K (p <.001). TG significantly increased MMSE-K (p <.001), but CG did not. There were also significant interactions between group and time in arm curl (p=.028), chair sit-and-reach (p <.001), 6-min walking (p <.001), and 2.44 m up-and-go (p <.001). TG significantly improved chair sit-and-reach test (p <.001), 6-min walking test (p <.001), and 2.44 m up-and-go test (p <.001), but did not change others. In CG, however, arm curl (p <.001), 30-second chair stand (p=.028), back scratch (p=.01), chair sit-and-reach (p <.001), 6-min walking (p <.001), and 2.44 m up-and-go (p <.001) had gotten worse significantly. The change in MMSE-K was not related with the changes in any functional fitness. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that cognitive function and most of functional fitness in elderly women with dementia can be improved by Tai Chi exercise, but can become worse without exercise in even 12 weeks. Thus, it suggests that Tai Chi is a good exercise to be recommend to elderly women with dementia to improve their cognitive function as well as functional fitness.

중국의 독립학원 정책 분석

오산(Wu Shan),정제영(Chung JaeYoung),장수연(Jang SuYeon) 한국비교교육학회 2017 比較敎育硏究 Vol.27 No.1

중국의 독립학원은 민간의 교육투자를 인정하여 투자자 개인이나 기업, 사회의 지원 자금 활용을 용이하게 하고, 학교의 학사 운영, 학생 입학전형, 예산의 집행 및 관리, 별도의 법인 설립 및 학력 인정 등에 대해서 국가 주도로 설립된 공립대학과 다르게 사립대학인 민판학교 방식으로 자율적인 운영을 보장하는 등 중국 내의 고등교육기관의 다양성을 갖추고자 하는 목적으로 설립되었다. 하지만 1990년대 초반 이후 중국 고등교육의 새로운 방식으로서 나타나게 된 독립학원은 지난 30여년의 시간 동안 양적인 성장을 이루었음에도 아직 교육의 질적 측면에서의 성장은 미흡한 상황이다. 중국의 독립학원이 관심을 받는 이유는, 독립학원이 모체 대학(母體)의 시설과 교수, 개설된 전공에서 지원을 받고 대학의 명성을 공유하는 등 대학 자체의 발전을 위한 노력보다는 학생 모집에 중점을 두는 방식으로 운영한다는 것이다. 따라서 본 연구는 중국의 독특한 고등교육기관인 독립학원의 현황과 관련한 정책을 분석하고자 하였다. 연구 목적을 달성하기 위해 다차원 교육정책분석 모형을 활용하여, 규범적 차원으로 중국의 독립학원 정책의 영리성 문제와 중국인의 차서격국(差序格局) 중심의 꽌시(關係) 문화를, 구조적 차원으로 독립학원 관련 정부기관 구조, 국유민판의 운영구조를, 구성적 차원으로 중국의 독립학원 이해관계자의 속성을, 기술적 차원으로 독립학원 정책과 법제화 과정을 살펴보고자 하였다. 분석 결과를 통해 중국의 독립학원 정책의 방향성에 대한 시사점을 제시하고자 한다. China’s independent college approved private education investment, and facilitates the use of funds to support individual investors, corporations, and society. In contrast to China’s public universities, the college guarantee private school method of operation. Its bachelor’s degree, admission to students, the establishment of a separate corporation, and the recognition of scholastic achievements, was established with the aim of ensuring the diversity of higher education institutions in China. However, since the early 1990s, the independent college, which has emerged as a new way of higher education in China, has achieved quantitative growth over the past 30 years, but the quality of education has not yet grown. The reason why the independent college in China is interested is that it receives support from the facilities and professors of the original public college, and the major in which it is established and shares the reputation of the university. This study tried to analyze the policy of independent college which is a unique higher education institution in China. For this purpose, we use Four-Dimensional Framework to analyze the problem of China’s independent colleges. It examines the profitability and non-profitability of independent college as a normative dimension and analyzes the Chinese society that have the old “guanxi” culture core in China. On the structural dimension, we analyzed the structure of the relationship in educational administrative institution. On the constituentive dimension, we observed that the various stakeholders who are interested in the independent college policy. Finally, we searched for future directions of the independent college centered on the process of legalization of independent colleges in technical dimension. The results of this analysis suggest the implications of the direction of China’s independent college policy.