강경애와 샤오홍의 여성의식 비교 연구

서산산 ( Shan Shan Xu ) 현대문학이론학회 2011 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.46

1930년대는 중국과 한국 문단에 여성작가들이 등단하여 여성문학의 꽃을 피운 시기였다. 강경애와 샤오홍(蕭紅)은 바로 이 시기에 등단하여 주목을 받았던 여성 작가였다. 본문은 강경애와 샤오홍의 작품에 투영된 여성의식을 대상으로 1930년대 한국과 중국의 여성의 정체성을 비교, 고찰하기로 한다. 가부장제 환경에서 핍박을 받는 여성의 삶과 모성의식을 통해 당시 여성의 정체성을 파악하고 그 중에 강경애와 샤오홍 소설에 투영된 여성의식의 차이점을 구명하고자 한다. 강경애와 샤오홍은 자신의 여성체험을 작품을 통해 독자들에게 보여주려고 한다. 두 여류작가의 작품에 나온 여성인물들은 모두 봉건가부장제하에서 비참한 삶을 살았다. 그들은 지배계급의 착취와 핍박을 받았을 뿐만 아니라 봉건 부권사회에서 남성의 지배도 받는 이중고를 겪어야 했다. 두 작가는 모두 가부장제로 인한 여성의 고통을 인식했지만 여성의 비참한 삶을 바라보고 해석하는 시각은 좀 다르다. 강경애는 계급차별로 인한 남녀의 불평등에 중점을 두고 있지만, 샤오홍은 여성의 성차별에 따른 남녀불평등에 중점을 둔다. 이 점은 강경애와 샤오홍에게 있어서 창작정신의 제일 큰 차이점이라고 할 수 있다. 가부장제도하에서 남성의 성적도구로 전락한 여성에 대한 고찰을 통해 샤오홍은 여성 스스로의 문제임을 제시하는데 비해서 강경애는 주로 부유층 여성이 가부장제의 희생물이 되지만, 하층여성은 가부장제의 희생물이 됨과 동시에 상층계급으로부터도 핍박당하는 이중적인 현실을 적나라하게 보여준다. This paper is mainly a comparative research about the works of human problem and field of life and death by which Gang Gyeong-ae and Xiao Hong`s reputation were first made. Gang Gyeong-ae and Xiao Hong were respectively famous for great writers during 1930s in China and South Korea. The two authors were both affected by men during their hard life and the course of expressing themselves by the tools of literature. but the ways were different: Gang Gyeong-ae emphasized the class conflict uniting the benefit between women and oppressed class. On the other hand, Xiao Hong emphasized the effect of supremacy of the father on social life, power relation between genders. It is significant in culture reflect over the past. In this paper, the comparative research between the works of Gang Gyeong-ae and Xiao Hong enlightens us that real women awakening and liberation have many aspects including social, natural (gender) and cultural aspect, etc. Pure revolution movement can`t make women awake, women liberation not only obtains economic power but also the consciousness of culture and ideas.

Knocking Down Nucleolin Expression Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Influencing DNA-PKcs Activity

Xu, Jian-Yu,Lu, Shan,Xu, Xiang-Ying,Hu, Song-Liu,Li, Bin,Qi, Rui-Xue,Chen, Lin,Chang, Joe Y. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.8

Nucleolin (C23) is an important anti-apoptotic protein that is ubiquitously expressed in exponentially growing eukaryotic cells. In order to understand the impact of C23 in radiation therapy, we attempted to investigate the relationship of C23 expression with the radiosensitivity of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. We investigated the role of C23 in activating the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs), which is a critical protein for DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair. As a result, we found that the expression of C23 was negatively correlated with the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cell lines. In vitro clonogenic survival assays revealed that C23 knockdown increased the radiosensitivity of a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line, potentially through the promotion of radiation-induced apoptosis and adjusting the cell cycle to a more radiosensitive stage. Immunofluorescence data revealed an increasing quantity of ${gamma}$-H2AX foci and decreasing radiation-induced DNA damage repair following knockdown of C23. To further clarify the mechanism of C23 in DNA DSBs repair, we detected the expression of DNA-PKcs and C23 proteins in NSCLC cell lines. C23 might participate in DNA DSBs repair for the reason that the expression of DNA-PKcs decreased at 30, 60, 120 and 360 minutes after irradiation in C23 knockdown cells. Especially, the activity of DNA-PKcs phosphorylation sites at the S2056 and T2609 was significantly suppressed. Therefore we concluded that C23 knockdown can inhibit DNA-PKcs phosphorylation activity at the S2056 and T2609 sites, thus reducing the radiation damage repair and increasing the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells. Taken together, the inhibition of C23 expression was shown to increase the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells, as implied by the relevance to the notably decreased DNA-PKcs phosphorylation activity at the S2056 and T2609 clusters. Further research on targeted C23 treatment may promote effectiveness of radiotherapy and provide new targets for NSCLC patients.

MOLECULAR TEMPLATES FOR CONTROLLING AND ORDERING ORGANIC MOLECULES ON SOLID SURFACES

XU ZHANG,SHAN-SHAN LI,TING CHEN,DONG WANG,LI-JUN WAN 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2012 NANO Vol.7 No.1

Molecular templates are effective for inducing the formation of functional organic molecular structures on solid surfaces. Various surface nanopatterns as molecular templates were developed by self-assembly and molecular engineering. These molecular templates were used and led to the formation of ordered assembly of alien species into designed two-dimensional matrices targeting at future applications. Both molecular template and so-fabricated nanopatterned assembly were clearly observed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). This paper summarizes some recent results on molecular templates for controlling and ordering organic molecules on solid surfaces mainly from our group. Several typical molecular templates and the consequent nanofabrication of ordered assemblies are described, including template design and fabrication, molecule ordering and patterning with the template as well as the possible application of these systems.

" Problem of the year 2000 " and IBM Iarge computer

Xu Tai Shan 대한전자공학회 1998 ICEIC:International Conference on Electronics, Inf Vol.1 No.1

Effect of Pitting Corrosion on the Stress Intensity Factor Magnitude and Distribution

Shan-Hua Xu,Haijiang Zhang,Biao Nie,Zhexun Zhang 한국강구조학회 2021 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.21 No.4

The fracture and fatigue performance of corroded steel components show signifi cant degradation in both the crack initiation and propagation stage. This study is aimed to research the fracture behavior degradation mechanism of corroded steel members through investigating the eff ects of pits on stress intensity factor magnitude and distribution. The numerical simulation method was adopted, and a series of specimens with diff erent sizes and shapes of corrosion pits were modeled. It was found that the pitting-degradation models would show a more intense displacement and stress fi eld. A greater value of stress intensity factor SIF could be observed in model interior when the specimens were attacked by corrosion pits. The SIF distribution characteristic along thickness direction was aff ected by ratios of pit depth to radius. According to SIF numerical results, the premature fracture and shorter fatigue life induced by corrosion pits could be attributed to the higher SIF value compared with non-corrosion one.

“Problem of the year 2000” and IBM large computer

Xu Tai Shan 대한전자공학회 1998 International Conference on Electronics, Informati Vol.1998 No.8

A Study on Tourist Satisfaction of Rural Tourism Products in Southern Jiangsu Area of China

Shan YI, Xu YING 한국유통과학회 2023 The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business( Vol.14 No.9

《周易》六十四卦卦名的命名之由

徐山(Xu Shan) 한국교통대학교 동아시아연구소 2013 동아문헌연구 Vol.- No.-

Suppression of GHS-R in AgRP Neurons Mitigates Diet-Induced Obesity by Activating Thermogenesis

Wu, Chia-Shan,Bongmba, Odelia Y. N.,Yue, Jing,Lee, Jong Han,Lin, Ligen,Saito, Kenji,Pradhan, Geetali,Li, De-Pei,Pan, Hui-Lin,Xu, Allison,Guo, Shaodong,Xu, Yong,Sun, Yuxiang MDPI AG 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.18 No.4

<P>Ghrelin, an orexigenic hormone released primarily from the gut, signals the hypothalamus to stimulate growth hormone release, enhance appetite and promote weight gain. The ghrelin receptor, aka Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor (GHS-R), is highly expressed in the brain, with highest expression in Agouti-Related Peptide (AgRP) neurons of the hypothalamus. We recently reported that neuron-specific deletion of GHS-R completely prevents diet-induced obesity (DIO) in mice by activating non-shivering thermogenesis. To further decipher the specific neuronal circuits mediating the metabolic effects of GHS-R, we generated AgRP neuron-specific GHS-R knockout mice (<I>AgRP-Cre</I>;<I>Ghsr<SUP>f/f</SUP></I>). Our data showed that GHS-R in AgRP neurons is required for ghrelin’s stimulatory effects on growth hormone secretion, acute food intake and adiposity, but not for long-term total food intake. Importantly, deletion of GHS-R in AgRP neurons attenuated diet-induced obesity (DIO) and enhanced cold-resistance in mice fed high fat diet (HFD). The HFD-fed knockout mice showed increased energy expenditure, and exhibited enhanced thermogenic activation in both brown and subcutaneous fat; this implies that GHS-R suppression in AgRP neurons enhances sympathetic outflow. In summary, our results suggest that AgRP neurons are key site for GHS-R mediated thermogenesis, and demonstrate that GHS-R in AgRP neurons plays crucial roles in governing energy utilization and pathogenesis of DIO.</P>

Correlation between Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Derived Metrics and Serum Soluble CD40 Ligand Level in an Embolic Canine Stroke Model

Xiao-Quan Xu,Chen-Jiang Wu,Shan-Shan Lu,Qian-Qian Gao,Qing-Quan Zu,Xing-Long Liu,Hai-Bin Shi,Sheng Liu 대한영상의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.18 No.5

Objective: To determine the relationship between intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging derived quantitative metrics and serum soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) level in an embolic canine stroke model. Materials and Methods: A middle cerebral artery occlusion model was established in 24 beagle dogs. Experimental dogs were divided into low- and high-sCD40L group according to serum sCD40L level at 4.5 hours after establishing the model. IVIM imaging was scanned at 4.5 hours after model establishment using 10 b values ranging from 0 to 900 s/mm2. Quantitative metrics diffusion coefficient (D), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*), and perfusion fraction (f) of ischemic lesions were calculated. Quantitative metrics of ischemic lesions were normalized by contralateral hemisphere using the following formula: normalized D = Dstroke / Dcontralateral. Differences in IVIM metrics between the low- and high-sCD40L groups were compared using t test. Pearson’s correlation analyses were performed to determine the relationship between IVIM metrics and serum sCD40L level. Results: The high-sCD40L group showed significantly lower f and normalized f values than the low-sCD40L group (f, p < 0.001; normalized f, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in D*, normalized D*, D, or normalized D value between the two groups (All p > 0.05). Both f and normalized f values were negatively correlated with serum sCD40L level (f, r = -0.789, p < 0.001; normalized f, r = -0.823, p < 0.001). However, serum sCD40L level had no significant correlation with D*, normalized D*, D, or normalized D (All p > 0.05). Conclusion: The f value derived from IVIM imaging was negatively correlated with serum sCD40L level. f value might serve as a potential imaging biomarker to assess the formation of microvascular thrombosis in hyperacute period of ischemic stroke.