우황청심원의 고문헌기록 및 실험적 연구결과 분석을 통한 임상응용 확대의 필요성 고찰

오영택,오현묵,김서우,김원용,손창규,조정효,Oh, Young-Taeck,Oh, Hyeon-Muk,Kim, Seo-Woo,Kim, Won-Yong,Son, Chang-Gue,Cho, Jung-Hyo 대전대학교 한의학연구소 2017 혜화의학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Objectives: The aim of this study is (1) to investigate the historic changes and pharmacological efficacies of Woohwangchungsim-won and (2) to discuss the necessities for Woohwangchungsim-won's clinical applications. Methods: This study was performed through (1) investigating the ancient literature records related with Woohwangchungsim-won and analyzing Woohwangchungsim-won's composition, dosage and indications, (2) searching articles about Woohwangchungsim-won on 10 major Korean web and 3 major foreign web article search engines and analyzing Woohwangchungsim-won's pharmacological efficacies and indications. Results: Woohwangchungsim-wom has been used for cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke and palpitation. Also, there are some ancient literature records of Woohwangchungsim-won's clinical applications in neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder. In addition, there have been a number of experimental studies which demonstrate Woohwangchungsim-won's neuroprotective effect on cerebral cortex and hippocampus injury. So, it is possible to infer that Woohwangchungsim-won can be used for the treatments of neuropsychiatric disorders associated with neuronal cell death in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. But there have been no or less experimental studies which demonstrate the pharmacological efficacy of Woohwangchungsim-won on such disease. Conclusion: It is necessary that further experimental studies which demonstrate Woohwangchungsim-won's pharmacological efficacy on neuropsychiatric disorders should be done and Woohwangchungsim-won's clinical applications should be expanded on the basis of those related experimental results.

18F-FDG PET/CT in hepatocellular carcinoma: detection of bone metastasis and prediction of prognosis

Seo, Hyo Jung,Kim, Gun Min,Kim, Joo Hoon,Kang, Won Jun,Choi, Hye Jin Chapman and Hall in association with the British N 2015 Nuclear medicine communications Vol.36 No.3

<P>Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value of F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography (CT) in bone metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients and methods Of 3912 consecutive HCC patients, 67 patients who had undergone both PET/CT and bone scintigraphy (BS) within a 3-month interval were evaluated. Results Bone metastases were most frequently found in the pelvis (20%), followed by the lumbar spine (14%) and long bones (13%). PET/CT was significantly more sensitive than BS in region-based analyses, with 273 confirmed bone metastases (96.7 vs. 52.7%, respectively; P< 0.001), and in patient-based analyses (99 vs. 85%; P= 0.042). The median survival period was 5 (range, 0.4-18) months. On univariate analysis, poor prognostic factors included age (< 60 years), multiple bone metastases, lymph node metastasis, high serum a-fetoprotein (>= 400 IU/ml), Child-Pugh class B, and high maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of bone metastasis (> 5.0). Large metabolic volume (>= 200 cm(3)) of bone metastasis was another poor prognostic factor. On Cox regression analysis, high a-fetoprotein was the only poor prognostic factor with statistical significance. Conclusion PET/CT was more sensitive than BS in bone metastasis from HCC by both patient-based and region-based analyses, and offered additional information on survival. PET/CT can be helpful in early diagnosis and opportune treatment of bone metastasis from HCC. Copyright (c) 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.</P>

The effects of ethanol metabolites in liver and adipose tissue in acute alcohol-associated liver injury

Won Hyo Seo 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7

Alcoholic liver disease is liver damage that results from alcohol misuse. Years of alcohol abuse induces simple steatosis and steatohepatitis as early types of liver diseases, however, continuous liver damage are able to induce liver fibrosis/cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma as known as late stage of liver disease. Albeit ALD is a major personal/public health problem, the pathogenesis of ALD has not been understood very well. About 8 to 10 percent of Americans drink heavily and, 10 to 15 percent will go on to develop ALD. ALD not only generates personal health issues, but also creates a lot of social problems such as drunken driving. The pathogenesis of ALD involves complex and unclear biological processes. Interestingly, alcohol consumption can profoundly disturb the normal functions of adipose tissue by inducing adipocyte death and altering secretion of adipokines, pro-inflammatory mediators and free fatty acids from adipose tissue, which have important direct and indirect effects on the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. The association of the oxidative metabolites of ethanol (acetaldehyde and reactive oxygen species) have been well studied as crucial factors to understand clinical and pathological spectrum of ALD. Especially, acetaldehyde is known to be toxic to the liver and alters lipid homeostasis. Acetaldehyde generated from lipid peroxidation induce collagen synthesis by their ability to form protein adducts that further activate transforming-growth-factor-β-dependent and independent profibrogenic pathways in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Besides of oxidative alcohol metabolite, we have investigated that non-oxidative metabolites generated during alcohol metabolism act as factors promoting liver damage. Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), nonoxidative metabolites of ethanol, are detectable in the blood after ethanol ingestion, and on that basis have been proposed as markers of ethanol intake. The investigation of the association of oxidative alcohol metabolites and non-oxidative alcohol metabolites would provide very informative clues to understand more about the pathogenesis of alcohol-mediated liver injury.

Non-clinical pharmacokinetic behavior of ginsenosides

Won, Hyo-Joong,Kim, Hyun Il,Park, Taejun,Kim, Hyeongmin,Jo, Kanghee,Jeon, Hyojin,Ha, Seo Jun,Hyun, Jung Min,Jeong, Aeri,Kim, Jung Sik,Park, Ye Jin,Eo, Yun Ho,Lee, Jaehwi The Korean Society of Ginseng 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.3

Ginsenosides, the major active ingredients of ginseng and other plants of the genus Panax, have been used as natural medicines in the East for a long time; in addition, their popularity in the West has increased owing to their various beneficial pharmacological effects. There is therefore a wealth of literature regarding the pharmacological effects of ginsenosides. In contrast, there are few comprehensive studies that investigate their pharmacokinetic behaviors. This is because ginseng contains the complicated mixture of herbal materials as well as thousands of constituents with complex chemical properties, and ginsenosides undergo multiple biotransformation processes after administration. This is a significant issue as pharmacokinetic studies provide crucial data regarding the efficacy and safety of compounds. Moreover, there have been many difficulties in the development of the optimal dosage regimens of ginsenosides and the evaluation of their interactions with other drugs. Therefore, this review details the pharmacokinetic properties and profiles of ginsenosides determined in various animal models administered through different routes of administration. Such information is valuable for designing specialized delivery systems and determining optimal dosing strategies for ginsenosides.

ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSPORTATION LOGISTICS FORSPENT NUCLEAR FUEL IN KOREA

HYO JIK LEE,WON IL KO,KI SEOK SEO 한국원자력학회 2010 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.42 No.5

As a part of the back-end fuel cycle, transportation of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) from nuclear power plants (NPPs) to afuel storage facility is very important in establishing a nuclear fuel cycle. In Korea, the accumulated amount of SNF in theNPP pools is troublesome since the temporary storage facilities at these NPP pools are expected to be full of SNF within tenyears. Therefore, Korea cannot help but plan for the construction of an interim storage facility to solve this problem in thenear future. Especially, a decision on several factors, such as where the interim storage facility should be located, how manycasks a transport ship can carry at a time and how many casks are initially required, affect the configuration of thetransportation system. In order to analyze the various possible candidate scenarios, we assumed four cases for the interimstorage facility location, three cases for the load capacity that a transport ship can carry and two cases for the total amount ofcasks used for transportation. First, this study considered the currently accumulated amount of SNF in Korea, and the amountof SNF generated from NPPs until all NPPs are shut down. Then, how much SNF per year must be transported from theNPPs to an interim storage facility was calculated during an assumed transportation period. Second, 24 candidatetransportation scenarios were constructed by a combination of the decision factors. To construct viable yearly transportationschedules for the selected 24 scenarios, we created a spreadsheet program named TranScenario, which was developed byusing MS EXCEL. TranScenario can help schedulers input shipping routes and allocate transportation casks. Also,TranScenario provides information on the cask distribution in the NPPs and in the interim storage facility automatically, bydisplaying it in real time according to the shipping routes, cask types and cask numbers that the user generates. Once a yearlytransportation schedule is established, TranScenario provides some statistical information, such as the voyage time, theavailability of the interim storage facility, the number of transported casks sent from the NPPs, and the number of transportedcasks received at the interim storage facility. By using this information, users can verify and validate a yearly transportationschedule. In this way, the 24 candidate scenarios could be constructed easily. Finally, these 24 scenarios were compared interms of their operation cost.

Association of Metformin Use With Cancer-Specific Mortality in Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Curative Resection: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Seo, Young-Seok,Kim, Yun-Jung,Kim, Mi-Sook,Suh, Kyung-Suk,Kim, Sang Bum,Han, Chul Ju,Kim, Youn Joo,Jang, Won Il,Kang, Shin Hee,Tchoe, Ha Jin,Park, Chan Mi,Jo, Ae Jung,Kim, Hyo Jeong,Choi, Jin A,Choi, Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 2016 Medicine Vol.95 No.17

<P>Many preclinical reports and retrospective population studies have shown an anticancer effect of metformin in patients with several types of cancer and comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this work, the anticancer effect of metformin was assessed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with T2DM who underwent curative resection. A population-based retrospective cohort design was used. Data were obtained from the National Health Insurance Service and Korea Center Cancer Registry in the Republic of Korea, identifying 5494 patients with newly diagnosed HCC who underwent curative resection between 2005 and 2011. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models to estimate effects. In the sensitivity analysis, we excluded patients who started metformin or other oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) after HCC diagnosis to control for immortal time bias. From the patient cohort, 751 diabetic patients who were prescribed an OHA were analyzed for HCC-specific mortality and retreatment upon recurrence, comparing 533 patients treated with metformin to 218 patients treated without metformin. In the fully adjusted analyses, metformin users showed a significantly lower risk of HCC-specific mortality (HR 0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.30-0.49) and retreatment events (HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.33-0.52) compared with metformin nonusers. Risks for HCC-specific mortality were consistently lower among metformin-using groups, excluding patients who started metformin or OHAs after diagnosis. In this large population-based cohort of patients with comorbid HCC and T2DM, treated with curative hepatic resection, metformin use was associated with improvement of HCC-specific mortality and reduced occurrence of retreatment events.</P>

Non-clinical pharmacokinetic behavior of ginsenosides

Hyo-Joong Won,Hyun Il Kim,Taejun Park,Hyeongmin Kim,Kanghee Jo,Hyojin Jeon,Seo Jun Ha,Jung Min Hyun,Aeri Jeong,Jung Sik Kim,Ye Jin Park,Yun Ho Eo,Jaehwi Lee 고려인삼학회 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.3

Ginsenosides, the major active ingredients of ginseng and other plants of the genus Panax, have been used as natural medicines in the East for a long time; in addition, their popularity in the West has increased owing to their various beneficial pharmacological effects. There is therefore a wealth of literature regarding the pharmacological effects of ginsenosides. In contrast, there are few comprehensive studies that investigate their pharmacokinetic behaviors. This is because ginseng contains the complicated mixture of herbal materials as well as thousands of constituents with complex chemical properties, and ginsenosides undergo multiple biotransformation processes after administration. This is a significant issue as pharmacokinetic studies provide crucial data regarding the efficacy and safety of compounds. Moreover, there have been many difficulties in the development of the optimal dosage regimens of ginsenosides and the evaluation of their interactions with other drugs. Therefore, this review details the pharmacokinetic properties and profiles of ginsenosides determined in various animal models administered through different routes of administration. Such information is valuable for designing specialized delivery systems and determining optimal dosing strategies for ginsenosides.

Growth Diagnosis with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index in Medicinal Crops

Hyo Hoon Nam(남효훈),Young Jin Seo(서영진),Byeong Seong Kim(김병성),Tae Young Oh(오태영),Won Cheol Jang(장원철),Deok Yeong Kim(김덕영) 한국약용작물학회 2018 한국약용작물학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.2

Evaluation of Bone Metastasis from Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT and $^{99m}Tc$-HDP Bone Scintigraphy: Characteristics of Soft Tissue Formation

Seo, Hyo-Jung,Choi, Yun-Jung,Kim, Hyun-Jeong,Jeong, Yong-Hyu,Cho, Arthur,Lee, Jae-Hoon,Yun, Mi-Jin,Choi, Hye-Jin,Lee, Jong-Doo,Kang, Won-Jun The Korea Society of Nuclear Medicine 2011 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.45 No.3

Purpose Bone metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can present with soft tissue formation, resulting in oncologic emergency. Contrast-enhanced FDG PET/CT and bone scintigraphy were compared to evaluate characteristics of bone metastases with or without soft tissue formation from HCC. Methods Of 4,151 patients with HCC, 263 patients had bone metastases. Eighty-five patients with bone metastasis from HCC underwent contrast-enhanced FDG PET/CT. Fifty-four of the enrolled subjects had recent $^{99m}Tc$-HDP bone scintigraphy available for comparison. Metastatic bone lesions were identified with visual inspection on FDG PET/CT, and maximum standardized uptake value ($SUV_{max}$) was used for the quantitative analysis. Confirmation of bone metastasis was based on histopathology, combined imaging modalities, or serial follow-up studies. Results Forty-seven patients (55%) presented with soft tissue formation, while the remaining 38 patients presented without soft tissue formation. Frequent sites of bone metastases from HCC were the spine (39%), pelvis (19%), and rib cage (14%). The soft-tissue-formation group had more frequent bone pain (77 vs. 37%, p<0.0001), higher $SUV_{max}$ (6.02 vs. 3.52, p<0.007), and higher incidence of photon defect in bone scintigraphy (75 vs. 0%) compared to the non-soft-tissue-formation group. FDG PET/CT had higher detection rate for bone metastasis than bone scintigraphy both in lesion-based analysis (98 vs. 53%, p=0.0015) and in patient-based analysis (100 vs. 80%, p<0.001). Conclusions Bone metastasis from HCC showed a high incidence of soft tissue formation requiring emergency treatment. Although the characteristic findings for soft tissue formation such as photon defect in bone scintigraphy are helpful in detection, overall detectability of bone metastasis is higher in FDG PET/CT. Contrast-enhanced PET/CT will be useful in finding and delineating softtissue- forming bone metastasis from HCC.

Interactions Between Innate Immunity Genes and Early-Life Risk Factors in Allergic Rhinitis

Seo, Ju-Hee,Kim, Hyung Young,Jung, Young-Ho,Lee, Eun,Yang, Song-I,Yu, Ho-Sung,Kim, Young-Joon,Kang, Mi-Jin,Kim, Ha-Jung,Park, Kang Seo,Kwon, Ji-Won,Kim, Byung-Ju,Kim, Hyo-Bin,Kim, Eun-Jin,Lee, Joo-Shi The Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical 2015 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.7 No.3

<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common chronic disease. Many factors could affect the development of AR. We investigated early-life factors, such as delivery mode, feeding method, and use of antibiotics during infancy, which could affect the development of AR. In addition, how interactions between these factors and innate gene polymorphisms influence the development of AR was investigated.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>A cross-sectional study of 1,828 children aged 9-12 years was conducted. Three early-life factors and AR were assessed by a questionnaire. Skin prick tests were done. Polymorphisms of <I>TLR4</I> (rs1927911) and <I>CD14</I> (rs2569190) were genotyped.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Use of antibiotics during infancy increased the risk of AR (aOR [95% CI] 1.511 [1.222-2.037]) and atopic AR (aOR [95% CI], 1.565 [1.078-2.272]). There were synergistic interactions between caesarean delivery, formula feeding, and use of antibiotics in the rate of atopic AR (aOR [95% CI], 3.038 [1.256-7.347]). Additional analyses revealed that the risk for the development of AR or atopic AR subjects with the <I>TLR4</I> CC genotype were highest when all the 3 early-life factors were present (aOR [95% CI], 5.127 [1.265-20.780] for AR; 6.078 [1.499-24.649] for atopic AR). In addition, the risk for the development of AR or atopic AR in subjects with the <I>CD14</I> TT genotype were highest when all the 3 early-life factors were present (aOR [95% CI], 5.960 [1.421-15.002] for AR; 6.714 [1.440-31.312] for atopic AR).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Delivery mode, feeding method, and use of antibiotics during infancy appeared to have synergistic interactions in the development of AR. Gene-environment interactions between polymorphism of innate genes and early- life risk factors might affect the development of AR.</P>