High contents of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the mixotrophic dinoflagellate <i>Paragymnodinium shiwhaense</i> and identification of putative omega-3 biosynthetic genes

Jang, Se Hyeon,Jeong, Hae Jin,Kwon, Ji Eun Elsevier Science B.V. Amsterdam 2017 Algal research Vol.25 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are critical components and beneficial to human health. Some marine protists are known to have high contents of these omega-3 fatty acids, and thus the contents of newly described protists should be explored for their potential utility. The newly described dinoflagellate <I>Paragymnodinium shiwhaense</I> is known to grow mixotrophically, but not autotrophically. To examine the fatty acids of <I>P</I>. <I>shiwhaense</I>, the composition of the fatty acids and contents of EPA and DHA of <I>P</I>. <I>shiwhaense</I> fed on each of three optimal prey species, the dinoflagellate <I>Amphidinium carterae</I>, the raphidophyte <I>Heterosigma akashiwo</I>, and the cryptophyte <I>Teleaulax</I> sp., were investigated. Furthermore, the genes involved in EPA and DHA biosynthetic pathways in <I>P</I>. <I>shiwhaense</I> were identified by analyzing the whole transcriptomic sequencing data of this species. <I>P</I>. <I>shiwhaense</I> had high contents of EPA (19% of total fatty acids) and DHA (36%) when fed on <I>A</I>. <I>carterae</I>. However, the contents of EPA in <I>P</I>. <I>shiwhaense</I> fed on <I>H</I>. <I>akashiwo</I>, and <I>Teleaulax</I> sp. were only 7% and 3%, respectively. In contrast, the contents of DHA in <I>P</I>. <I>shiwhaense</I> fed on <I>H</I>. <I>akashiwo</I>, and <I>Teleaulex</I> sp. were 43% and 31%, respectively. Thus, the DHA contents of <I>P</I>. <I>shiwhaense</I> may not be largely affected by prey species, but that the EPA contents are affected. The EPA produced by <I>P</I>. <I>shiwhaense</I> may be converted to DHA using Δ4-desaturase and Δ5-fatty acyl elongase genes, which were identified in this study. Furthermore, Δ5 and Δ6-desaturase and Δ6-fatty acyl elongase genes were also identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that these genes have been reported in this taxonomic group of dinoflagellates.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Fatty acids of <I>Paragymnodinium</I> fed on 3 optimal prey species were investigated. </LI> <LI> <I>P</I>. <I>shiwhaense</I> had high contents of EPA and DHA when fed <I>Amphidinium carterae</I>. </LI> <LI> Desaturase and fatty acyl elongase genes related to DHA synthesis were identified. </LI> <LI> New alga having high contents of EPA and DHA was reported here. </LI> </UL> </P>

Feeding by the newly described heterotrophic dinoflagellate Aduncodinium glandula: having the most diverse prey species in the family Pfiesteriaceae

Jang, Se Hyeon,Jeong, Hae Jin,Lim, An Suk,Kwon, Ji Eun,Kang, Nam Seon The Korean Society of Phycology 2016 ALGAE Vol.31 No.1

To explore the feeding ecology of the newly described heterotrophic dinoflagellate Aduncodinium glandula in the family Pfiesteriaceae, its feeding behavior and prey species were investigated. Additionally, the growth and ingestion rates of A. glandula on the mixotrophic dinoflagellates Heterocapsa triquetra and Akashiwo sanguinea, its optimal and suboptimal prey, respectively were measured. A. glandula fed on prey through a peduncle after anchoring to the prey using a tow filament. A. glandula ate all algal prey and perch blood cells tested and had the most diverse prey species in the family Pfiesteriaceae. Unlike for other pfiesteriacean species, H. triquetra and A. sanguinea support the positive growth of A. glandula. However, the cryptophytes Rhodomonas salina and Teleaulax sp. and the phototrophic dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae did not support the positive growth of A. glandula. Thus, A. glandula may have a unique kind of prey and its optimal prey differs from that of the other pfiesteriacean dinoflagellates. With increasing mean prey concentration, the growth rates of A. glandula on H. triquetra and A. sanguinea increased rapidly and then slowed or became saturated. The maximum growth rates when feeding on H. triquetra and A. sanguinea were 1.004 and 0.567 d⁻¹, respectively. Further, the maximum ingestion rates of A. glandula on H. triquetra and A. sanguinea were 0.75 and 1.38 ng C predator⁻¹ d⁻¹, respectively. There is no other pfiesteriacean species having H. triquetra and A. sanguinea as optimal and suboptimal prey. Thus, A. glandula may be abundant during blooms dominated by these species not preferred by the other pfiesteriacean dinoflagellates.

<i>Gambierdiscus jejuensis</i> sp. nov., an epiphytic dinoflagellate from the waters of Jeju Island, Korea, effect of temperature on the growth, and its global distribution

Jang, Se Hyeon,Jeong, Hae Jin,Yoo, Yeong Du Elsevier 2018 HARMFUL ALGAE Vol.80 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The genus <I>Gambierdiscus</I> produces ciguatera toxins, which has led to extensive studies of this genus. Epiphytic dinoflagellate cells were isolated from coralline macroalgae collected from the coastal waters of Jeju Island, Korea, and two clonal cultures were established. The morphology of these cells was examined using light and scanning electron microscopy, and the sequences of the small subunit (SSU), large subunit (LSU), and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA were determined. The phylogenetic trees based on SSU, LSU (D1-D3), and LSU (D8-D10) rDNA showed the two Korean isolates forming a clade with unidentified strains named <I>Gambierdiscus</I> sp. type 2. This clade showed a clear divergence from the two closest clades containing of the <I>G. caribaeus</I> and <I>G. carpenteri</I> strains. Morphologically, the Korean isolates had an anteroposteriorly compressed cell shape having a smooth theca ornamentation. Growth of the Korean isolates ceased when water temperatures were <20 °C or >30 °C with an optimum at 26 °C. This temperature preference may account for why <I>Gambierdiscus</I> sp. type 2 has only been isolated from the temperate waters of Korea and Japan. However, the two most closely related species <I>G. caribaeus</I> and <I>G. carpenteri</I> have broader temperature ranges tolerating as high as 34–36 °C and are globally distributed. Based on these results, the Korean isolates are proposed as a new species in the genus <I>Gambierdiscus</I> and named <I>Gambierdiscus jejuensis</I> sp. nov. Furthermore, it is suggested that the unidentified strains belonging to the <I>Gambierdiscus</I> sp. type 2 be transferred to the new species, <I>G. jejuensis</I>.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> <I>Gambierdiscus jejuensis</I> sp. nov. was newly described. </LI> <LI> It formed a clade with unidentified strains named <I>Gambierdiscus</I> sp. type 2. </LI> <LI> This clade was clearly divergent from the <I>G. caribaeus</I> and <I>G. carpenteri</I> clades. </LI> <LI> It did not grow at water temperatures >30 °C, unlike <I>G. caribaeus</I> and <I>G. carpenteri</I>. </LI> </UL> </P>

Morphological, molecular and ecophysiological characterization of the phototrophic dinoflagellate<i>Biecheleriopsis adriatica</i>from Korean coastal waters

Jang, Se Hyeon,Jeong, Hae Jin,Moestrup, Øjvind,Kang, Nam Seon,Lee, Sung Yeon,Lee, Kyung Ha,Lee, Moo Joon,Noh, Jae Hoon Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2015 European journal of phycology Vol.50 No.3

Mixotrophy in the newly described dinoflagellate <i>Yihiella yeosuensis</i>: A small, fast dinoflagellate predator that grows mixotrophically, but not autotrophically

Jang, Se Hyeon,Jeong, Hae Jin,Kwon, Ji Eun,Lee, Kyung Ha Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. 2017 HARMFUL ALGAE Vol.62 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>To investigate tropical roles of the newly described <I>Yihiella yeosuensis</I> (ca. 8μm in cell size), one of the smallest phototrophic dinoflagellates in marine ecosystems, its trophic mode and the types of prey species that <I>Y. yeosuensis</I> can feed upon were explored. Growth and ingestion rates of <I>Y. yeosuensis</I> on its optimal prey, <I>Pyramimonas</I> sp. (Prasinophyceae), as a function of prey concentration were measured. Additionally, growth and ingestion rates of <I>Y. yeosuensis</I> on the other edible prey, <I>Teleaulax</I> sp. (Cryptophyceae), were also determined for a single prey concentration at which both these rates of <I>Y. yeosuensis</I> on <I>Pyramimonas</I> sp. were saturated. Among bacteria and diverse algal prey tested, <I>Y. yeosuensis</I> fed only on small <I>Pyramimonas</I> sp. and <I>Teleaulax</I> sp. (both cell sizes=5.6μm). With increasing mean prey concentrations, both specific growth and ingestion rates of <I>Y. yeosuensis</I> increased rapidly before saturating at a mean <I>Pyramimonas</I> concentration of 109ngCmL<SUP>−1</SUP> (2725cellsmL<SUP>−1</SUP>). The maximum growth rate (mixotrophic growth) of <I>Y. yeosuensis</I> fed with <I>Pyramimonas</I> sp. at 20°C under a 14:10-h light-dark cycle of 20μEm<SUP>−2</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP> was 1.32d<SUP>−1</SUP>, whereas the growth rate of <I>Y. yeosuensis</I> without added prey was 0.026d<SUP>−1</SUP>. The maximum ingestion rate of <I>Y. yeosuensis</I> fed with <I>Pyramimonas</I> sp. was 0.37ngCpredator<SUP>−1</SUP> d<SUP>−1</SUP> (9.3cellspredator<SUP>−1</SUP> d<SUP>−1</SUP>). At a <I>Teleaulax</I> concentration of 1130ngCmL<SUP>−1</SUP> (66,240cellsmL<SUP>−1</SUP>), growth and ingestion rates of <I>Y. yeosuensis</I> fed with <I>Teleaulax</I> sp. were 1.285d<SUP>−1</SUP> and 0.38ngCpredator<SUP>−1</SUP> d<SUP>−1</SUP> (22.4cellspredator<SUP>−1</SUP> d<SUP>−1</SUP>), respectively. Thus, <I>Y. yeosuensis</I> rarely grows without mixotrophy, and mixotrophy supports high growth rates in <I>Y. yeosuensis</I>. <I>Y. yeosuensis</I> has the highest maximum mixotrophic growth rate with the exception of <I>Ansanella granifera</I>among engulfment feeding mixotrophic dinoflagellates. However, the high swimming speed of <I>Y. yeosuensis</I> (1572μms<SUP>−1</SUP>), almost the highest among phototrophic dinoflagellates, may prevent autotrophic growth. This evidence suggests that <I>Y. yeosuensis</I> may be an effective mixotrophic dinoflagellate predator on <I>Pyramimonas</I> and <I>Teleaulax</I>, and occurs abundantly during or after blooms of these two prey species.</P>

Spatio-temporal distributions of the newly described mixotrophic dinoflagellate Yihiella yeosuensis (Suessiaceae) in Korean coastal waters and its grazing impact on prey populations

Jang, Se Hyeon,Jeong, Hae Jin The Korean Society of Phycology 2020 ALGAE Vol.35 No.1

To investigate the spatio-temporal distributions of the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Yihiella yeosuensis in Korean coastal waters and its grazing impact on prey populations, water samples were seasonally collected from 28 stations in the East, West, and South Seas of Korea and Jeju Island from April 2015 to October 2018. The abundances of Y. yeosuensis in the water samples were quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Simultaneously, the physical and chemical properties of water from all sampled stations were determined, and the abundances of the optimal prey species of Y. yeosuensis, the prasinophyte Pyramimonas sp. and the cryptophyte Teleaulax amphioxeia, were quantified using qPCR. Y. yeosuensis has a wide distribution, as is reflected by the detection of Y. yeosuensis cells at 23 sampling stations; however, this distribution has a strong seasonality, which is indicated by its detection at 22 stations in summer but only one station in winter. The abundance of Y. yeosuensis was significantly and positively correlated with those of Pyramimonas sp. and T. amphioxeia, as well as with water temperature. The highest abundance of Y. yeosuensis was 48.5 cells mL^-1 in Buan in July 2017, when the abundances of Pyramimonas sp. and T. amphioxeia were 917.6 and 210.4 cells mL^-1, respectively. The growth rate of Y. yeosuensis on Pyramimonas sp., calculated by interpolating the growth rates at the same abundance, was 0.49 d^-1, which is 37% of the maximum growth rate of Y. yeosuensis on Pyramimonas sp. obtained in the laboratory. Therefore, the field abundance of Pyramimonas sp. obtained in the present study can support a moderate positive growth of Y. yeosuensis. The maximum grazing coefficient for Y. yeosuensis on the co-occurring Pyramimonas sp. was 0.42 d^-1, indicating that 35% of the Pyramimonas sp. population were consumed in 1 d. Therefore, the spatio-temporal distribution of Y. yeosuensis in Korean coastal waters may be affected by those of the optimal prey species and water temperature. Moreover, Y. yeosuensis may potentially have considerable grazing impacts on populations of Pyramimonas sp.

웹 기반 교정적 피드백 유형이 학업성취도에 미치는 영향

백장현(Jang Hyeon Baek),장세희(Se Hee Jang),김영식(Yung Sik Kim) 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2002 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.5 No.3

자재소요명세서 유형 계층차원의 설계

장세현(Se-Hyeon Jang),유한주(Han-Ju Yu),최인수(In-Soo Choi) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2006 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.11 No.4

순환관계란 동일 클래스 내의 엔티티 간의 관계를 말하는데, 이중 N:M 순환관계는 자재소요명세서 구조를 기술하는데 사용할 수 있다. 자재소요명세서란 제조분야에서 자주 쓰이는 것으로 계층형의 특수 데이터 구조로 되어있다. 비즈니스 차원은 거의 대부분 계층구조로 되어있다. 본 연구에는 자재소요명세서 유형의 계층차원을 다음과 같이 설계하고 있다. 먼저 일반적인 N:M 순환관계에서와 마찬가지로 교차 테이블을 만든 다음 이를 OLAP 모델에서의 차원으로 변환시킨다. 즉 교차 테이블의 첫 번째 컬럼은 이 차원의 가장 낮은 수준으로, 두 번째 컬럼은 이 차원의 유일한 상위 수준으로 변환시키는 것이다. 이렇게 설계한 차원을 사용한 다차원 사례 정보시스템도 아울러 구축하고 있다. A recursive relationship is a relationship among entities of the same class. N : M recursive relationships can be used to represent bills of materials. A bill of materials is a special data structure that occurs frequently in manufacturing applications. This data structure is a hierarchy. Most business dimensions have a hierarchical structure. In this study, a design of a hierarchical dimension of the bill of materials type is carried out. As with other N : M relationships, an intersection table that shows pairs of related rows is created, and this table is transformed into a dimension in the OLAP(OnLine Analytical Processing) model. This transformation consists of two tasks: (1)replacing the first column of the intersection table with the lowest level of the dimension; and (2)replacing the second column of the table with the only upper level of the dimension. A case multidimensional information system using the hierarchical dimension is also developed.

객혈에 대하 기관지경검사의 진단적 의의

장중현 ( Jang Jung Hyeon ),이홍렬 ( Lee Hong Lyeol ),곽승민 ( Gwag Seung Min ),김세규 ( Kim Se Gyu ),장준 ( Jang Jun ),안철민 ( An Cheol Min ),김성규 ( Kim Seong Gyu ),이원영 ( Lee Won Yeong ) 대한내과학회 1993 대한내과학회지 Vol.44 No.6

연구배경 : 객혈은 원인은 매우 다양한 비록이적인 증상으로, 원인을 알 수 없거나 반복적으로 계속되는 경우 원인 병소를 찾기 위해 가장 널리 이용되는 진단법이 굴곡성 기관지경검사이다. 특히 기관지경은 객혈의 원인중 꼭 감별해야 할 질환의 하나인 폐암의 조직학적 진단을 위해서도 필수적인 검사라고 생각된다. 방법 : 객혈로 기관지경을 시행받은 479명의 환자들을 대상으로 임상적인 조사를 하였다. 결과 : 1) 결핵의 원인질환으로는 활동성 폐결핵이 가장 많았고 다음으로 만성기관지염, 폐암, 그리고 기관지확장중의 순이었다. 2) 객혈 환자의 기관지경검사상 진단은 기관지염, 활동성 폐결핵, 그리고 폐암의 순이었다. 3) 기관지경상 출혈부위를 찾은 경우는 전체의 47.2%이었고, 이중 좌엽 및 우엽이 비슷한 발생빈도를 보였으며 특히 양측 상엽에서 많이 관찰되었다. 4) 혈담을 유발시키는 주요 원인질환은 만성기관지염, 활동성 폐결핵 그리고 폐암 등이었고 1일 200mL이상 대량객혈의 주요 원인질환은 활동성 폐결핵, 기관지확장증 및 폐국균종 등이었다. 5) 원발성 폐암 환자군과 비폐암 환자군 간의 임상적 특성을 구분하여 본 결과 연령이 증가할수록(특히 50세 이후), 흡연력이 있는 경우, 그리고 혈담이 한달 이상 지속되는 경우 폐암으로 진달될 가능성이 높다고 판단되었다. 결론 : 이상의 결과로 객혈 환자에 대한 굴곡성 기관지경검사는 객혈의 원인 진단에 있어 필수 불가결한 검사법임을 알 수 있었다. Background : Hemoptysis being a nonspecific symptom often presents a diagnostic dilemma, requiring the aid of even flexible bronchofiberscopy, a novel approach, for disgnosis, especially in the cases where hemoptysis attack is repetitive or where diagnosis is tentative at best. Bronchoscopy is essential for pathologic diagnosis of lung cancer, which must be differentiated from other causes of hemoptysis. Methods : The authors evaluated a total of 479 patients who underwent bronchoscopy for the purpose of diagnosis of hemopysis. Results : 1) Active pulmonary tuberculosis was the most common cause of hemoptysis, followed by chronic bronchitis, lung cancer, and bronchiectasis. 2) The most common diagnosis by bronchoscopy was bronchitis, followed by active tuberculosis, and lung cancer. 3) It was possible in 47.2 percent of cases to identify bleeding points on bronchoscopy. The bleeding sites were most frequent in both upper lobes without predilection for each lung. 4) The most common cause of blood-tinged sputum was chronic bronchitis, active tuberculosis, or lung cancer, whereas massive hemoptysis i.e., more than 200mL of blood a day, was the result of active tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, or aspergilloma.5) Advanced age (especially more than 50 years), history of smoking or more than one month of blood-tinged sputum were significantly more common in the patients with than without lung cancer. Conclusion : Flexible bronchofiberscopy is essential for the diagnosis of underlying causes of hemoptysis. The high incidence of active tuberculosis and tuberculosis-related diseases in our patients seems to reflect this hospital being a tertiary care center to which often the problem cases are referred.

댐 저수지별 여름철 조류성장의 결정인자 분석

장세현 ( Se Hyeon Jang ),이승재 ( Seung Jae Lee ),박희경 ( Hee Kyung Park ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2011 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2011 No.-