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Availability of Carboxylated Magnetic Beads for Extracting Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution
Hyungsuk So,Yeong-Seok Yoo,Andreas Schaeffer 한국자기학회 2006 Journal of Magnetics Vol.11 No.2
It was examined in this study that magnetic beads, which are assumed to be environmentally functional, could be effective in processing heavy metals that are water pollutants. For the purpose, magnetic beads containing carboxyl groups, which has strong binding force with heavy metals, are mixed with each Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu and Cr(III) solution, then stirred in pH 6. As a results of the process, it was proven that heavy metals bind quickly with magnetic beads through the reaction. In order to analyze heavy metal concentration, magnetic beads bind with heavy metal were collected by external magnetic force and dissolved in acid. The graphite furnace AAS was used to get heavy metal concentration melted in the acid solution. The results showed that heavy metal extractions by magnetic beads were influenced by the type and the concentration of a heavy metal, and over 90% of a heavy metal can be extracted in ppm level save for Cr(III). It was also examined in the study whether heavy metal extraction is influenced when other ions exist in each heavy metal solution. According to experiment, adding other heavy metals to a solution did have little influence on extracting an intended heavy metal. But in case salt or heavy metal chelate was added, Ni extraction changed sensitively although extracting other heavy metals were influenced only when the concentration of an added substance is high. In conclusion, it was shown that magnetic beads could be used to treat wastewater with relatively high heavy metal concentration.
Analysis of Mobile Lead in Soil Using Carboxylated Magnetic Particle
Hyungsuk So,Hyun Chul Shin,Yeong-Seok Yoo,Andreas Schaeffer 한국자기학회 2005 Journal of Magnetics Vol.10 No.3
The analytic possibility of mobile lead contained in soil has been studied using carboxylated magnetic beads. Extraction of heavy metal was performed to contaminated soil that has been collected and supplied for tests. As experiment materials, soil sample, distilled water and magnetic beads were only used. It means that the lead was extracted under neutral condition. In this condition, only the mobile fraction of lead could be extracted by magnetic beads. The mobile lead in the soil was quickly combined with magnetic beads in the mixture process. Then, the magnetic beads were dissolved into acids after collection by external magnetic force, and the lead combined with the beads was eluted and analyzed by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (GFAAS). In the results of extraction experiments for 3 sandy soils, the efficiency using beads was similar to or higher than that of EDTA (Ethylendiamintetraacetic acid), which is normally used for analyzing mobile heavy metal concentration in soil. With this, it was shown that this method is a more accurate and simple method to analyze mobile lead when analyzing mobile heavy metal concentration in sandy soil, rather than conventional method using EDTA.
Riahi, K.,Kriegler, E.,Johnson, N.,Bertram, C.,den Elzen, M.,Eom, J.,Schaeffer, M.,Edmonds, J.,Isaac, M.,Krey, V.,Longden, T.,Luderer, G.,Mejean, A.,McCollum, D.L.,Mima, S.,Turton, H.,van Vuuren, D.P. American Elsevier 2015 TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE Vol.90 No.1
This paper provides an overview of the AMPERE modeling comparison project with focus on the implications of near-term policies for the costs and attainability of long-term climate objectives. Nine modeling teams participated in the project to explore the consequences of global emissions following the proposed policy stringency of the national pledges from the Copenhagen Accord and Cancun Agreements to 2030. Specific features compared to earlier assessments are the explicit consideration of near-term 2030 emission targets as well as the systematic sensitivity analysis for the availability and potential of mitigation technologies. Our estimates show that a 2030 mitigation effort comparable to the pledges would result in a further ''lock-in'' of the energy system into fossil fuels and thus impede the required energy transformation to reach low greenhouse-gas stabilization levels (450ppm CO<SUB>2</SUB>e). Major implications include significant increases in mitigation costs, increased risk that low stabilization targets become unattainable, and reduced chances of staying below the proposed temperature change target of 2<SUP>o</SUP>C in case of overshoot. With respect to technologies, we find that following the pledge pathways to 2030 would narrow policy choices, and increases the risks that some currently optional technologies, such as carbon capture and storage (CCS) or the large-scale deployment of bioenergy, will become ''a must'' by 2030.