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Synthesis and antiprotozoal activities of new 3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonanes
Sarfraz Ahmad,Werner Seebacher,Volker Wolkinger,Armin Presser,Johanna Faist,Marcel Kaiser,Reto Brun,Robert Saf,Robert Weis 대한약학회 2015 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.38 No.8
Some antimalarial agents in use typically bear basic side chains as ligands. Such ligands were attached to the amino substituent of a bridgehead atom of already antiprotozoal active 3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonanes. Structure verification was done by NMR measurements. The new compounds were tested for their antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal activities against Plasmodium falciparum K1 (multiresistant) and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense as well as for their cytotoxicity against L6 cells. Theiractivities are compared to those of already prepared compounds and structure–activity relationships are discussed.
Convexity preserving piecewise rational interpolation for planar curves
Sarfraz, Muhammad Korean Mathematical Society 1992 대한수학회보 Vol.29 No.2
This paper uses a piecewise ratonal cubic interpolant to solve the problem of shape preserving interpolation for plane curves; scalar curves are also considered as a special case. The results derived here are actually the extensions of the convexity preserving results of Delbourgo and Gregory [Delbourgo and Gregory'85] who developed a $C^{1}$ shape preserving interpolation scheme for scalar curves using the same piecewise rational function. They derived the ocnstraints, on the shape parameters occuring in the rational function under discussion, to make the interpolant preserve the convex shape of the data. This paper begins with some preliminaries about the rational cubic interpolant. The constraints consistent with convex data, are derived in Sections 3. These constraints are dependent on the tangent vectors. The description of the tangent vectors, which are consistent and dependent on the given data, is made in Section 4. the convexity preserving results are explained with examples in Section 5.
The antiprotozoal potencies of newly prepared 3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonanes
Sarfraz Ahmad,Werner Seebacher,Johanna Faist,Marcel Kaiser,Reto Brun,Robert Saf,Robert Weis 대한약학회 2016 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.39 No.10
3-Azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonanes are already reported as antiprotozoal agents. Structural variations were performed by attachment of several basic side chains, being part of drugs in use, to the ring nitrogen. The structures of the new compounds were established using one and two dimensional NMR measurements. All compounds were investigated for their antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal activities against Plasmodium falciparum K1 (multiresistant) and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Their cytotoxicity was assessed against L6 cells. The results are compared to the activities of formerly synthesized compounds. Structure–activity relationships are discussed
Muhammad Sarfraz,M. Ba-Shammakh 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.36 No.-
Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets and zeolitic imidazole frameworks (ZIF-302) were synergisticallyintegrated to glassy polysulfone (PSF) to fabricate mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) to separate carbondioxide from post-combustion flue gas stream. In order to optimize CO2 separation performance ofcomposite membranes form dry and wet gases, both nanofillers in varying compositions wereincorporated into PSF to prepare MMMs using solution-casting technique. The flexible MMMs renderedhomogeneous dispersion of fillers, improved polymer–filler adhesion, and thermally stable structure. Gas sorption analyses along with dry and wet gas permeation experiments demonstrated improved CO2permeability coupled with high CO2/N2 ideal selectivity of MMMs due to synergistic effect of nanofillers. The hybrid membrane containing 1 wt% GO and 30 wt% ZIF-302 nanofillers showed an optimumseparation performance by providing a CO2 permeability of 13 Barrers with CO2/N2 ideal selectivity of52. The permeation characteristics of hybrid membranes were found to be better than already existingmembranes and were not affected by humid conditions.
Joham Sarfraz Ali,Ihsan Khan,Muhammad Zia 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2020 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.20 No.1
The present study revolves around two different parts of Monotheca buxifolia extract and their solid phase extraction; and phytochemical and biological evaluation. Polar solvents tended to give maximum extraction yield. The highest phenolic content (69.1 ± 1 µgGAE/mg extract) was observed in the ethyl acetate + methanol (EtOAc + MeOH) fraction of stem. While highest flavonoid content (52.1 ± 0.45 µg QE/mg extract) was observed in MeOH crude extract of leaf. The antioxidant capacity was depicted by the MeOH fraction of leaf and EtOAc + MeOH fraction of stem. MeOH crude extract of leaf and CHCl3 (chloroform) crude extract of stem had notable inhibitory effect against bacterial strains (MIC 11.1 and 23.2 µg/ml, respectively). CHCl3 extract of leaf and n-hexane fraction presented significant antifungal activities (MIC 11.1 ug/ml).Though protein kinase inhibition was not significant but significant antileismanial activity and cytotoxic activity was observed. The study demonstrates potential of M. buxifolia for discovery of significant bioactive compounds through bioactivity guided isolation. Furthermore solid phase extraction is better for partial fractionation of active component.
Khan, Muhammad Sarfraz,Liaqat, Umar Waqas,Baik, Jongjin,Choi, Minha Elsevier 2018 Agricultural and forest meteorology Vol.252 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>An optimal use of the global scale actual evapotranspiration (AET) products for various hydro-meteorological applications requires a systematic characterization of their uncertainties. This study presents the first application of an extended triple collocation (TC) approach to provide mutually uncorrelated absolute and relative error structure among three readily available AET (MOD16, GLEAM, and GLDAS) products on the point and spatial scale within the extent of Asia. The physical evaluation results of GLEAM, GLDAS and MOD16 exhibited reasonable accuracy compared to the in-situ AET with mean Index of Agreement >0.71, 0.59 and 0.58, respectively, thereby yielding Root Mean Square Error between ∼4–13 mm/8 day over nine AsiaFlux sites representing forest, rice paddy, and grassland biomes. Theoretical uncertainty assessment of four AET dataset combinations revealed that an average ∼1.5–5.5 mm/8 day random error was contributed from in-situ AET, thereby reducing the accuracy of other datasets. GLEAM performed consistently better with least absolute and relative uncertainties over forest compared with rice paddy and grassland surfaces where GLDAS had almost similar errors as those obtained from GLEAM, while MOD16 showed high uncertainties over all vegetation conditions. Interestingly, all four datasets had large relative uncertainties (>25%) for low vegetation compared to the errors of tall canopies. A spatially merged product generated from the least uncertainties showed better agreement in order of GLDAS > GLEAM > MOD16 over 47%, 42% and 11% of the study area. Overall, the application of extended TC approach on the quality of three AET products is a step forward to develop the merged near real-time accurate AET dataset by processing of theoretical and systematic uncertainties in the current AET algorithms.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Evaluated uncertainty of AET products through an extended triple collocation approach. </LI> <LI> GLEAM and GLDAS showed least absolute uncertainties compared to MOD16 dataset. </LI> <LI> GLEAM revealed low errors in forest but performed similarly as to GLDAS in rice paddy. </LI> <LI> A merged AET map was developed with least uncertainties from three selected products. </LI> </UL> </P>