Design Techinque SVL withUltra Low Power FULL-RATE 2:1 MUX

Sanjay singh Kushwah,SaritaBhadauria 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.1

In this paper, we illustrate a 0.4Tb/s full rate 2:1 MUX. In order to suppress the dilapidation of signals and to increase the operation speed, we designed interconnection for the circuit using self controllable voltage level (SVL) techniques. The circuit shows rise and fall times of about 100fs and consumes 0.5nW. The CMOS logic, such as SVL logic is renewed in this design. The designed circuit is realized in a standard 45nm process and uses 0.7V supply voltage. Our optimization technique using the proposed method reduces power consumption and leakage current by significant amount of multiplexer circuit. The same techniques and architectures are applicable for more advanced semiconductor technologies to push the speed even further.It is easy to tell that our 2:1 MUX attain the highest datarate 0.4Tb/s without increasing much power consumption as compared the data rate 50Gb/s and power to previous work.

The effect of Valsalva maneuver in attenuating skin puncture pain during spinal anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial

Sanjay Kumar,Sujeet Kumar Singh Gautam,Devendra Gupta,Anil Agarwal,Sanjay Dhirraj,Sandeep Khuba 대한마취통증의학회 2016 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.69 No.1

Background: Valsalva maneuver reduces pain by activating sinoaortic baroreceptor reflex arc. We planned this study to evaluate the role of valsalva in attenuating spinal needle-puncture pain. Methods: Ninety American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II enrolled patients undergoing elective surgery were randomized into 3 groups of 30 each. Group I (Control): didn’t blow; group II (Distraction): patients blew into rubber tube; Group III (Valsalva): blew into sphygmomanometer tube and raise mercury column up to 30 mmHg for at least 20 seconds. During above procedures, spinal puncture was performed with 25-gauge spinal needle. Results: Eighty-two patient data were analyzed. Incidence of spinal puncture pain was reduced to 10% (3 of 27) in Valsalva group as compared to 100% (28 of 28 in control group and 27 of 27 in Distraction group) observed in other two groups (P < 0.05). Severity of lumbar puncture pain as assessed by visual analog scale (0−10; where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst imaginable pain) presented as Median (Interquartile range) were significantly reduced in the Valsalva group (0.0 [0.0] as compared to other 2 groups 2.0 [0.0] in the Distraction group and 3.0 [0.8] in Control group) (P < 0.05). Regarding time taken by CSF to fill spinal needle hub, there was no difference among the three groups (P > 0.05). None patient of all groups had post dural puncture headache (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Valsalva can be performed routinely in ASA I and II patients undergoing spinal anesthesia as it is safe, painless and non-pharmacological method of pain attenuation.

Prediction of Hybrid Performance Based on the Genetic Distance of Parental Lines in Two-Line Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Hybrids

Singh, Vikas Kumar,Upadhyay, Priti,Sinha, Pallavi,Mall, Ashish Kumar,Ellur, Ranjith K.,Singh, Atul,Jaiswal, Sanjay K.,Biradar, Sunil,Ramakrishna, S.,Sundaram, R.M.,Ahmed, Ilyas,Viraktamath, B.C.,Kole, 한국작물학회 2011 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.14 No.1

A total of six TGMS (thermosensitive genic male sterile lines) and nine pollinator lines were subjected to molecular characterization using 48 genome-wide SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers. Cluster analysis revealed clear differentiation among the TGMS lines according to their source of origin. The SSR-based genetic distance between the hybrids of the parental lines ranged from 0.36 to 0.79 suggesting a high degree of genetic divergence. Among a set of 54 hybrids generated using parental lines, 32 showed better parent heterosis (+21.7%) while 19 showed mid-parent heterosis (+15.0%). For the trait yield per plant genetic distance (GD) was negatively correlated with $F_1$ performance (r = -0.202), mid-parent heterosis (r = $-0.325^*$; P < 0.05), and better parent heterosis (r = -0.261), while it was positively correlated with specific combining ability (r = 0.042). Based on the grouped genetic distance (GGD), the hybrid combinations were divided into four groups. The GGD showed linear correlation with hybrid performance within the group (GGD = 40 - 50: r = -0.07; GGD = 70 - 80: r = 0.32). This information can be utilized in the development of higher yielding, two-line rice hybrids through selection of intermediately diverse parental lines using GGD.

Comparative Study of Holmium (III) Selective Sensors Based on Thiacalixarene and Calixarene Derivatives as an Ionophore

Sanjay Singh,Geeta Rani 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.7

The two chelates based on calix[4]arene and thiacalix[4]arene have been synthesized and used as neutral ionophores for preparing PVC based membrane sensor selective to Ho3+ ion. The addition of potassium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate (KTpClPB) and various plasticizers, viz., NDPE, o-NPOE, DOP, TEP and DOS have been found to improve significantly the performance of the sensors. The best performance was obtained with the sensor no. 6 having membrane of L2 with composition (w/w) ionophore (2%): KTpClPB (4%): PVC (37%): NDPE (57%). This sensor exhibits Nernatian response with slope 21.10 ± 0.3 mV/decade of activity in the concentration range 3.0 × 10−8 – 1.0 × 10−2 M Ho3+ ion, with a detection limit of 1.0 × 10−8 M. The proposed sensor performs satisfactorily over a wide pH range of 2.8-10, with a fast response time (5 s). The sensor was also found to work successfully in partially non-aqueous media up to 25% (v/v) content of methanol, ethanol and acetonitrile, and can be used for a period of 4 months without any significant drift in potential. The electrode was also used for the determination of Ho3+ ions in synthetic mixtures of different ions and the determination of the arsenate ion in different water samples.

Comparative Study of Holmium (III) Selective Sensors Based on Thiacalixarene and Calixarene Derivatives as an Ionophore

Singh, Sanjay,Rani, Geeta Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.7

The two chelates based on calix[4]arene and thiacalix[4]arene have been synthesized and used as neutral ionophores for preparing PVC based membrane sensor selective to $Ho^{3+}$ ion. The addition of potassium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate (KTpClPB) and various plasticizers, viz., NDPE, o-NPOE, DOP, TEP and DOS have been found to improve significantly the performance of the sensors. The best performance was obtained with the sensor no. 6 having membrane of $L_2$ with composition (w/w) ionophore (2%): KTpClPB (4%): PVC (37%): NDPE (57%). This sensor exhibits Nernatian response with slope $21.10{\pm}0.3mV/decade$ of activity in the concentration range $3.0{\times}10^{-8}-1.0{\times}10^{-2}M\;Ho^{3+}\;ion$, with a detection limit of $1.0{\times}10^{-8}M$. The proposed sensor performs satisfactorily over a wide pH range of 2.8-10, with a fast response time (5 s). The sensor was also found to work successfully in partially non-aqueous media up to 25% (v/v) content of methanol, ethanol and acetonitrile, and can be used for a period of 4 months without any significant drift in potential. The electrode was also used for the determination of $Ho^{3+}$ ions in synthetic mixtures of different ions and the determination of the arsenate ion in different water samples.

Surgical approaches to hepatic hydatidosis ranging from partial cystectomy to liver transplantation

Sanjay Goja,Sujeet Kumar Saha,Sanjay Kumar Yadav,Anisha Tiwari,Arvinder Singh Soin 한국간담췌외과학회 2018 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.22 No.3

Backgrounds/Aims: A wide range of surgical approaches has been described for hepatic hydatidosis aiming primarily at the reduction of disease recurrence and minimization of postoperative morbidity. Methods: A database analysis of patients with liver hydatidosis who underwent different surgical procedures between March 2010 and May 2016 was performed. Results: A total of 21 patients with cystic echinococcosis (CE) and four cases of alveolar echinococcosis (AED) were detected. Nine patients manifested recurrent disease at presentation. Among CE cases, 5 underwent partial cystectomy (2 laparoscopic and 3 open), 9 cysto-pericystectomy (7 open and 2 robotic) and 7 hepatectomies (1 central, 4 right, 1 left and 1 right trisectionectomy). Living donor liver transplantation was performed in 3 patients with AED and the fourth patient underwent right trisectionectomy with en bloc resection of hepatic flexure and right diaphragm. Seven developed Clavien grade II and three grade III complications. The mean follow-up of CE was 34.19±19.75 months. One patient of laparoscopic partial cystectomy developed disease recurrence at 14 months. No recurrence was detected at a mean follow-up of 34±4.58 months following LDLT and at 24 months following multivisceral resection for AED. Conclusions: The whole spectrum of tailored surgical approaches ranging from minimally invasive to open and extended liver resections represents safe, effective and recurrence-free treatment of hepatic hydatidosis.

A Prospective, Single-Blinded, Bicentric Study, and Literature Review to Assess the Need of C2-Ganglion Preservation - SAVIOUR’s Criteria

Suyash Singh,Arun Kumar Srivastava,Jayesh Sardhara,Kamlesh Singh Bhaisora,Kuntal Kanti Das,Anant Mehrotra,Awadhesh Kumar Jaiswal,Manas Kumar Panigrahi,Sanjay Behari 대한척추신경외과학회 2021 Neurospine Vol.18 No.1

Objective: Joint manipulation for craniovertebral junction instability is often hindered by the C2-ganglion (C2G). Our study aims to compare the surgical outcome among patients with or without C2G preservation and discuss the technical nuances. Methods: We did a prospective, bicentric study and included all the operated patients with craniovertebral junction anomaly. The outcome was assessed by the Pain Numeric Rating Scale, Patient Satisfactions Score, and Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Scale. The fusion was assessed using Lenke fusion grade. Results: One hundred seventy-one patients (88 in group A and 83 in group B) were included. The most common symptom was spastic quadriparesis (n=165, 96.5%) with median Nurick grade 3.3. Thirteen patients had suboccipital numbness and 12 patients had paraesthesia. Mean blood loss in group A was 490±96.2 mL and group B was 525±45.7 mL; median operative time was 217.9 and 162.2 minutes in the groups A and B, respectively (p<0.05). At the follow-up (median, 46.8 months), Lenke fusion grade A was achieved in 92.4% and grade B in 7.6%. A trend suggesting better functional outcomes (numbness, parestheisa, scar outcome, and postoperative ulcer formation) in group A was seen with all 6 patients, who underwent O-C2 fixation, developed pressure sore. Conclusion: Our results support ganglion preservation, especially in the subset of patients where occipital plating is required. Although the study fails to show any statistical significance, we suggest that one should always start with an ‘intent’ of preservation as the functional outcome is better.

Characterization of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase cDNA in tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]

Kashmir Singh,Sanjay Kumar,Sudesh Kumar Yadav,Paramvir Singh Ahuja 한국식물생명공학회 2009 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.3 No.1

Tea leaves are major source of catechins— antioxidant flavonoids. Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR, EC 1.1.1.219) is one of the important enzymes that catalyzes the reduction of dihydroflavonols to leucoanthocyanins, a key ‘‘late’’ step in the biosynthesis of catechins. This manuscript reports characterization of DFR from tea (CsDFR) that comprised 1,413 bp full-length cDNA with ORF of 1,044 bp (115–1,158) and encoding a protein of 347 amino acids. Sequence comparison of CsDFR with earlier reported DFR sequences in a database indicated conservation of 69– 87% among amino acid residues. In silico analysis revealed CsDFR to be a membrane-localized protein with a domain (between 16 and 218 amino acids) resembling the NADdependent epimerase/dehydratase family. The theoretical molecular weight and isoelectric point of the deduced amino sequence of CsDFR were 38.67 kDa and 6.22, respectively. Upon expression of CsDFR in E. coli, recombinant protein was found to be functional and showed specific activity of 42.85 nmol min-1 mg protein-1. Expression of CsDFR was maximum in younger rather than older leaves. Expression was down-regulated in response to drought stress and abscisic acid, unaffected by gibberellic acid treatment, but up-regulated in response to wounding, with concomitant modulation of catechins content. This is the first report of functionality of recombinant CsDFR and its expression in tea. Tea leaves are major source of catechins— antioxidant flavonoids. Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR, EC 1.1.1.219) is one of the important enzymes that catalyzes the reduction of dihydroflavonols to leucoanthocyanins, a key ‘‘late’’ step in the biosynthesis of catechins. This manuscript reports characterization of DFR from tea (CsDFR) that comprised 1,413 bp full-length cDNA with ORF of 1,044 bp (115–1,158) and encoding a protein of 347 amino acids. Sequence comparison of CsDFR with earlier reported DFR sequences in a database indicated conservation of 69– 87% among amino acid residues. In silico analysis revealed CsDFR to be a membrane-localized protein with a domain (between 16 and 218 amino acids) resembling the NADdependent epimerase/dehydratase family. The theoretical molecular weight and isoelectric point of the deduced amino sequence of CsDFR were 38.67 kDa and 6.22, respectively. Upon expression of CsDFR in E. coli, recombinant protein was found to be functional and showed specific activity of 42.85 nmol min-1 mg protein-1. Expression of CsDFR was maximum in younger rather than older leaves. Expression was down-regulated in response to drought stress and abscisic acid, unaffected by gibberellic acid treatment, but up-regulated in response to wounding, with concomitant modulation of catechins content. This is the first report of functionality of recombinant CsDFR and its expression in tea.

Face Tampering Detection from Single Face Image using Gradient Method

Aruni Singh,Shrikant Tiwari,Sanjay Kumar Singh 보안공학연구지원센터 2013 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.7 No.1

Theoretical and Experimental Study of UV Detection Characteristics of Pd/ZnO Nanorod Schottky Diodes

Shaivalini Singh,Pramod Kumar Tiwari,Hemant Kumar,Yogesh Kumar,Gopal Rawat,Sanjay Kumar,Kunal Singh,Ekta Goel,S. Jit,박시현 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2017 NANO Vol.12 No.11

In this work, we report theoretical and experimental study of Pd/ZnO nanorod (NR) Schottky diodes-based ultraviolet photodetector (UV-PD). The ZnO-NRs are deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates by using a low-temperature hydrothermal method. The surface morphology of the ZnO-NRs film is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM image shows vertically grown NRs with uniformity, and XRD shows the preferred (002) orientation of ZnO-NR films. The current–voltage characteristics of Pd/ZnO-NR Schottky diodes are studied under dark and UV light. A voltage bias from -1V to +1V is applied and the ratio of photocurrent to dark current was ( ~0.17 x 10 2 at V = 0.5V) calculated from the I–V curve. The value of responsivity was found to be 0.111A/W at λ = 365 nm and at bias = 0.50 V. An approximated UV-PD structure has also been numerically simulated using three-dimensional (3D) device simulator from Visual TCAD of Cogenda International. The simulated I–V characteristics have also been plotted under both dark and light conditions. The simulated results are found to be following the nature of experimental results.