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Prognostic implication of metastatic lymph node ratio in node-positive rectal cancer
Sang-Min Lee,Jong-Seok Shin,Hong-Jo Choi,Ki-Jae Park,Young-Hoon Roh,Hyuk-Chan Kwon,Mee-Sook Roh,Hyung-Sik Lee,Choongrak Kim 대한외과학회 2011 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.80 No.4
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of the ratio between metastatic and examined lymph nodes (LNs) in patients with stage Ⅲ rectal cancer. Methods: A review was made of 175 (male, 98) patients with stage Ⅲ rectal cancer of R0 resection. LN disease was stratified both by the American Joint Committee on Cancer/International Union Against Cancer nodal classification (pN) and by quartiles of the lymph node ratio (LNR). Disease-free survivals (DFS) were made using Kaplan-Meier curves and assessed by the log rank test and multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Patients ranged in age from 29 to 83 (median, 60) years with median follow-up of 47 months (range, 13 to 181 months). months. There was a significant correlation between the number of metastatic LNs and the LNR (r = 0.8681, P < 0.0001). Cut-off points of LNR quartiles best to separate patients with regard to 5-year DFS were between quartile 2 and 3, and between 3 and 4 (LNR1, 2, and 3); the 5-year DFS according to such stratification was 89.6%, 55.8%, and 18.2% in LNR1, 2, and 3, respectively (P < 0.0001). Cox model identified the LNR as the most significant independent prognostic covariate; LNR2 showed 3.6 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.682 to 7.584; P = 0.0009) and LNR3, 18.7 times (95% CI, 6.872 to 50.664; P < 0.0001) more risky than LNR1. Conclusion: This study suggests that ratio-based LN staging, which reflects the number of LNs examined and the quality of LN dissection, is a simple and reliable system for prognostic LN stratification in patients with stage Ⅲ rectal cancer.
Seok-In Yun,Dong-Hyuk Seo,Ho Sang Kang,Hyocheng Cheng,Gunteak Lee,Woo-Jung Choi,Chang-Kyu Lee,Mun Ho Jung 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.5
Mine soils are usually unfavorable for plant growth due to their acidic condition and low contents of organic matter and nutrients. To investigate the effect of organic material and lime on nitrogen processes in an acidic metal mine soil, we conducted an incubation experiment with treating livestock manure compost, dolomite, and oyster shell and measured soil pH, dehydrogenase activity, and concentration of soil inorganic N (NH₄<SUP>+</SUP> and NO₃<SUP>-</SUP>). Compost increased not nly soil inorganic N concentration, but also soil pH from 4.4 to 4.8 and dehydrogenase activity from 2.4 to 3.9 μg TPF g<SUP>-1</SUP> day<SUP>-1</SUP>. Applying lime with compost significantly (P<0.05) increased soil pH (5.9-6.4) and dehydrogenase activity (4.3-7.0 μg TPF g<SUP>-1</SUP> day<SUP>-1</SUP>) compared with applying only compost. Here, the variation in dehydrogenase activity was significantly (P<0.05) correlated with that in soil pH. Soil inorganic N decreased with time by 14 days after treatment (DAT) due to N immobilization, but increased with time after 14 DAT. At 28 DAT, soil inorganic N was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the lime treatments than the only compost treatment. Especially the enhanced dehydrogenase activity in the lime treatments would increase soil inorganic N due to the favored mineralization of organic matter. Although compost and lime increased soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity, ammonia oxidation still proceeded slowly. We concluded that compost and lime in acidic mine soils could increase soil microbial activity and inorganic N concentration, but considerable ammonium could remain for a relatively long time.
What Are the Risk Factors Associated with Urinary Retention after Orthopaedic Surgery?
Sung, Ki Hyuk,Lee, Kyoung Min,Chung, Chin Youb,Kwon, Soon-Sun,Lee, Seung Yeol,Ban, Yoon Seong,Park, Moon Seok Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 BioMed research international Vol.2015 No.-
<P>This study investigates the overall rate of urinary retention in a large cohort of unselected orthopaedic patients who had either general or regional anesthesia and defines the risk factors for postoperative urinary retention in that cohort of patients. A total of 15,681 patients who underwent major orthopaedic surgery with general or spinal/epidural anesthesia were included. Postoperative urinary retention was defined as any patient who required a postoperative consultation to the urologic department regarding voiding difficulty. Age at surgery, sex, type of surgery, medical history including hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and type of anesthesia were analyzed as potential predictor variables. There were 365 postoperative patients who required urology consults for urinary retention (2.3%). Older age at surgery (OR, 1.035; <I>P</I> < 0.0001), male sex (OR, 1.522; <I>P</I> = 0.0004), type of surgery (OR, 1.506; <I>P</I> = 0.0009), history of hypertension (OR, 1.288; <I>P</I> = 0.0436), and history of diabetes mellitus (OR, 2.038; <I>P</I> < 0.0001) were risk factors for urinary retention after orthopaedic surgery. Advanced age, male sex, joint replacement surgery, history of hypertension, and diabetes mellitus significantly increased the risk of urinary retention. In patients with these risk factors, careful postoperative urological management should be performed.</P>
Discovery of Plant Antagonists of Insect Juvenile Hormone
Seok-Hee Lee,Ying Fang,Saes-Byeol An,Doo-Sang Park,Hyuk-Hwan Song,Sei-Ryang Oh,Soo-Young Kim,Seonghyun Kim,Namjung Kim,Hyun-Woo Oh,Yeon Ho Je,Sang Woon Shin 한국응용곤충학회 2014 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.10
Insects impact human health through vector-borne diseases and cause major economic loses through damaging crops and stored agricultural products. Insect-specific growth regulators (IGR) represent attractive control agents because of their safety to the environment and humans. Here, we report identification of plant compounds that are antagonists of the insect-specific juvenile hormone (PJHANs), using the yeast two hybrid system transformed with the mosquito JH receptor as a reporter assay. We show that these compounds act by inhibiting larval growth and reproduction in mosquitoes. We also demonstrate that PJHANs affect the JH receptor, Methoprene-tolerant (Met), by disrupting its complex with CYCLE, formation of which is required for mediating JH action. We isolated five diterpene secondary metabolites with JH antagonist activity from two plants, Lindera erythrocarpa and Solidago serotina. They are effective in causing mortality of mosquito larvae at relatively low LD50 values. Two of these diterprenes affect Met function, leading to reduction in expression of Met target genes and causing retardation of follicle development in mosquito ovaries. Developing potent compounds counteracting JHaction (JH antagonists) would find a wider range of control applications. However, so far such JH antagonists have not been developed. Here, we report the discovery of potent JH antagonists in plants, which represents an innate resistance mechanism of plants against insect herbivores. These newly discovered plant JH antagonist compounds could be used as the starting material for developing novel insecticides.