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노상하 서울대학교 농업개발연구소 2000 농업생명과학연구 Vol.4 No.-
A new fruit sorter which could evaluate internal quality such as sugar, acid, etc by using VIS/NIR transmittance spectra was developed in this laboratory. In case of the transmittance spectrum data which are measured with the samples at on-line state, not only the signal intensity is very weak, but also it containes large amount of noise and variations due to the difference in physical characteristics of individual sample such as size, firmness, color, texture, etc. The aim of this study was to develop a robust calibration model to predict sugar content of intact apple. The raw spectrum data sets were preprocessed with Savitzky Golay, Multiplicative Scattering Correction(MSC), Standard Normal Variate(SNV), first derivative, Orthogonal Signal Correction(OSC) and their combinations. PLS method was used to regress the preprocessed data to the sugar contents. Smoothing and scattering correction were essential for improving the prediction performance of PLS regression model and the OSC contributed to reduction of the number of PLS factors. The first derivative gave unfavorable effect to the prediction performance. A robust calibration model could be developed by the preprocessing combination of Savitzsky Golay smoothing, MSC and OSC, which resulted in SEP=0.507 Brix%, bias=0.032 and R2 = 0.8823.
노상하 서울대학교 농업개발연구소 1999 농업생명과학연구 Vol.3 No.-
Sugar and acid in fruit are essencial chemical components which are highly concerned to fruit taste and quality. An on-line sorting system to measure the sugar and acid contents in fruit was developed. The sensing device of the system was composed of a high sensitivity CCD spectrometer, a fiber optic probe and tungsten-hallogen light source so that the transmittance spectrum of the fruit sample could be measured. The fruit samples were fed into the sensing device by an automatic feeder and conveying equipment. PLS regression models to predict the sugar content and acid content were developed with 210 Fuji apples for calibration and another 210 for prediction. Main factors affecting the prediction error were radiation intensity of light source, and conveying speed and temperature of the apple. SEP and R2 of the sugar prediction model were 0.525 Brix% and 0.8, and those of acid prediction were 0.05% and 0.29, respectively, at the sorting speed of 3 apples per second. Based on these results it was concluded that with the on-line sorter Fuji apples could be classified into three grades by sugar content and two grade by acid content.
Reactions of Thianthrene Cation radical Perchlorate with 1-Alkyl-4-Arenesulfonylaminobenzenes
Noh, Jae-Sung,Lee, So-Ha,Kim, Kyong-Tae Korean Chemical Society 1988 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.9 No.3
Reaction of thianthrene cation radical perchlorate (1) with 1-methyl-4-benzenesulfonylaminobenzene (10) afforded thianthrene (5), N-(4-tolyl)-N-thianthrenylbenzenesulfonamide (14), 1-methyl-3-[N-(4-tolyl)-N-benzenesulfonyl-amino- 4-benzene-sulfonylaminobenzene (16), cis-thianthrene-5,10-dioxide (17), 5-(3'-methyl-6-benzenesulfonylaminobenzene)thian threnium perchlorate (18), and benzenesulfonate. In the meantime, reaction of 1 with 1-ethyl-4-benzenesulfonylaminobenzene (12) afforded 5, 1-ethyl-3-[N-(4-ethylphenyl)-N-benzenesulfonyl]a mino-4-benzenesulfonylaminobenzene (19), 1-benzenesulfonyl-amino-4-[1-(2-benzenesulfonyla mino-5-ethylphenyl)ethyl]benzene (20), and 1-(1-acetamidoethyl)-4-benzenesulfonylaminobenz ene (21). The formations of these products except for 18 and benzenesulfonate could be rationalized by assuming a sulfonamidyl radical as an intermediate.