Limiting the spillover of zoonotic pathogens from traditional food markets in developing countries and a new market design for risk-proofing

Sandeep Ghatak(Sandeep Ghatak ),Kandhan Srinivas(Kandhan Srinivas ),Arockiasamy Arun Prince Milton(Arockiasamy Arun Prince Milton ),Govindarajan Bhuvana Priya(Govindarajan Bhuvana Priya ),Samir Das(Sa 한국역학회 2023 Epidemiology and Health Vol.45 No.-

Traditional food markets are age-old systems that primarily serve the food supply needs of society’s less affluent sectors, often operating with minimal infrastructure. These markets are prevalent in low and middle-income countries. However, their hygienic conditions are frequently suboptimal, potentially fostering the emergence and spread of presumptive zoonotic diseases. The recent emergence of zoonotic or potentially zoonotic diseases and their possible links to traditional food markets underscore the need for focused attention on this overlooked issue. The socioeconomic characteristics of traditional food markets reveal that despite the risk of zoonotic pathogen spread, these markets play a crucial role for large segments of the population. These individuals rely on such markets for their livelihood, food, and nutrition. Therefore, a comprehensive set of measures addressing various aspects of traditional food markets is necessary to manage and mitigate the risks of potential zoonotic disease emergence. In this article, we explore various facets of traditional food markets, paying special attention to the risks of zoonotic diseases that urgently require stakeholder attention. We also propose a new market design to prevent the risk of zoonotic spillover and advocate for the development of a Market Hygiene Index for these markets.

A determination of occlusal plane comparing different levels of the tragus to form ala-tragal line or Camper’s line : a photographic study

Sandeep Kumar,Sandeep Garg,Seema Gupta 대한치과보철학회 2013 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.5 No.1

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to determine accurately the part of the tragus to be used to form the Ala-Tragal line or Camper’ line in orthognathic profile patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 150 dentate subjects with age of 18-40 years with orthognathic profile were sampled. Life-size lateral digital photographs of the face with fox plane were taken in natural head position. Different angles between Eye-Ear plane and occlusal plane (OT1-OP), Eye-Ear plane and ala-superior border of tragus (OT1-AT1), Eye-Ear plane and ala-middle border of tragus (OT1-AT2) and Eye-Ear plane and ala-inferior border of tragus (OT1-AT3) were calculated using computer software package, AutoCAD 2004. From the three angles formed by the Eye-ear plane (OT1 or FH plane) and the ala-tragal lines, the one closest to the angle formed between Eye-Ear plane (OT1) and occlusal plane (OP) was used to determine the occlusal plane of orientation. The obtained results were subjected to ANOVA F test, Tukey’ Honestly significant difference test, followed by Karl Pearson coefficient of correlation test. P values of less than 0.05 were taken as statistically significant. RESULTS. The mean of base line angle i.e. OT1-OP angle (11.96 ± 4.36) was found to be close to OT1-AT2 angle (13.67 ± 1.93) and OT1-AT3 angle (10.31 ± 2.03), but OT1-OP angle was found to be more closer to OT1-AT3 angle. Comparison of mean angles showed that OT1-OP angle in both males (11.68) and females (12.51) is close to OT1-AT3 angle (males- 11.01, females- 11.95). CONCLUSION. The line joining from ala to the lower border of the tragus was parallel to the occlusal plane in 53.3% of the subjects. There was no influence of the sex on the level of occlusal plane.

Recent advances and remaining challenges for polymeric nanocomposites in healthcare applications

Kumar, Sandeep,Sarita, Sandeep,Nehra, Monika,Dilbaghi, Neeraj,Tankeshwar, K.,Kim, Ki-Hyun Elsevier 2018 Progress in polymer science Vol.80 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Remarkable advancements in material technologies have accelerated the use of many new materials and their hybrids and composites in diverse applications. Among such available options, polymer nanocomposites are recognized to have the potential to bring future revolution, especially because of their flexible functionalities and related advantages (e.g., good strength, large surface area to volume ratio, large flame retardancy, high elastic modulus, enhanced density, and thermo-mechanical/optoelectronic/magnetic properties). These nanocomposites have been successfully incorporated into diverse fields of applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, gene therapy, food preservation, biosensing, and bioimaging. Thus, the primary focus of this review is placed to give an integrated overview of polymer nanocomposites along with their synthesis routes, surface treatment strategies, and applications in the healthcare sector (e.g., drug delivery, 3D bio-implant, bioimaging, food processing, and other miscellaneous biomedical applications). Our discussion also highlights future directions for this emerging field of research.</P>

The Majority of Corona Mortis Are Small Calibre Venous Blood Vessels: A Cadaveric Study of North Indians

Sandeep Kashyap,Yogesh Diwan,Shweta Mahajan,Deepa Diwan,Mukand Lal,Randhir Chauhan 대한고관절학회 2019 Hip and Pelvis Vol.31 No.1

Purpose: Corona mortis is an abnormal arterial or venous anastomosis between the external iliac and the obturator system of vessels and may cause significant hemorrhage during pelvi-acetabular fracture surgeries, hernia repair and laparoscopic gynecological procedures. Previous studies have estimated a prevalence of corona mortis between 34% and 70%. This cadaveric study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of corona mortis in the North Indian population. Materials and Methods: Twelve cadavers (24 hemipelvises; 11 males and 1 female) with a mean age of 68 (range, 54-82) years were included in this study. Results: Corona mortis was observed in 14 hemipelvises (58.3%). A total of 19 (79.2%) vascular anastomoses of diameter greater than 1 mm were observed; 5 hemipelvises (20.8%) had corona mortis on the right side, 9 hemipelvises (37.5%) on the left side and bilateral in 5 (41.7%) cases. Two hemipelvises (8.3%) had an arterial connection. An aberrant obturator artery was observed in 1 (4.2%) hemipelvis. A venous connection was found in 14 specimens (58.3% of hemipelvises). The average distance of the connecting vein from the symphysis pubis was 41 (35-70) mm. A vessel diameter of greater than 4 mm was observed in 4/24 (16.7%) of hemipelvises. Conclusion: The frequency of venous corona mortis was higher than arterial corona mortis and the majority (83.3%) were small calibre (<4 mm). The presentation pattern and the number of arterial or venous anastomoses were different in the majority of hemipelvises and dissimilar in both hemipelvises of the same cadaver in the majority of cases.

Antibacterial ferroelectric materials: Advancements and future directions

Sandeep Kumar,Moolchand Sharma,Till Frömling,Rahul Vaish 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.97 No.-

Ferroelectric functional materials are known for a wide range of applications including sensors, actuators,energy harvesting devices. Very recent studies based on ferroelectric materials for environmentalcleaning and bacterial remediation add a further up-and-comingfield of application of these materials. They possess several advantages over conventional methods such as biocompatible range andsustainability. Although the research area is relatively new, some substantial experimental work hasbeen done in the last couple of years. The rationale and underlying mechanisms of different publishedreports were compiled and explained to offer a better understanding of the subject. The three majormechanisms can be divided into catalysis via a change in surface potential, mediated catalysis by theformation of reactive oxide species on the ceramic surface due to piezoelectric or pyroelectric excitation,and enhanced photocatalysis due to internal electricfields. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive reporton ferroelectric materials application in the prevention of bacterial infections and to give an outlook onfurther possible research strategies.

A Knowledge-based Real Time Embedded Platform for Arrhythmia Beat Classification

Sandeep Raj,Kshitij Maurya,Kailash Chandra Ray 대한의용생체공학회 2015 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.5 No.4

Purpose This paper aims for accurate classification of ECGbeats in real-time. Methods The design, implementation and results of FPGAoriented SOC based embedded platform in laboratoryexperimental setup is presented. The platform is designedusing high-level systematic approach having the capability ofreal-time classification of ECG beats at the place of patientswith high accuracy which will be helpful to enhance thehealthcare for cardiovascular diseases. The algorithm involvesthe integration of the R-peak detection algorithm and Rulebasedapproach to classify four generic heartbeat classesnamely Normal, PVC, Ventricular Fibrillation/VentricularFlutter, 2° heart block beat. The aforesaid algorithms areperformed in software on an integrated TSK3000A processorcore (IP cores used) and implemented in hardware targetingFPGA (Xilinx Spartan 3AN). The developed platform isvalidated by generating real-time ECG beats using MIT-BIHarrhythmia database. Results The performance of the proposed implementation isevaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictivityand accuracy which is 97.72%, 99.09%, 96.46% and 97.96%respectively. Conclusions The proposed hardware/software implementationhas yielded improved results in comparison to the existingmethodologies implemented on the FPGA platforms.

A newborn anti-windup scheme based on state prediction of fractional integrator for variable speed motor

Sandeep Pandey,Prakash Dwivedi,Anjali Junghare 제어로봇시스템학회 2017 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.10

In this paper an attempt is made to design and simulate a fractional integral state predictor anti-windup scheme with fractional order PID controller for first order plus time delayed system (FOPDT). This scheme improves the performance of the system, which is subjected to actuator saturation and change in load. In the present work it is shown that, the anti-windup fractional order PID controller improves set-point tracking performance of FOPDT system. Amongst various methods of anti-windup fractional integral state predictor scheme is suggested here .The performance of the system is compared using this method and conventional anti-windup method. A comparison of performance of the system, when using suggested method and the other conventional anti-windup method, is presented. The scheme is designed and tested on FOPDT transfer function of AC variable speed motor drive using Matlab/Simulink. The performance indices ISE, and control effort is observed to be minimized while using the proposed method.

Effect of a Higher-Order-Corrected Chirped Gaussian Laser Beam on the Electron Acceleration in Vacuum

Sandeep Kumar,윤무현 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.54 No.6

For a tightly focused laser, the beam-waist radius is of the same order as the wavelength and the lower-order-corrected Gaussian pulse description satisfies Maxwell's equations less accurately, so it becomes necessary to include all the field components that arise from the tight focusing of the laser so as to satisfy Maxwell's equations more accurately. The effect of the seventh-order-corrected chirped Gaussian laser beam on the electron acceleration in vacuum is investigated. A numerical simulation shows that an electron maximum energy gain on the order of giga-electron volts (GeV) can be expected in the beam-waist region 45≤k0w0≤60, where k0 is the laser wave number and w0 is the laser-beam's waist size at the focal point of the beam.

Performance Evaluation of Novel AMDF-Based Pitch Detection Scheme

SANDEEP KUMAR 한국전자통신연구원 2016 ETRI Journal Vol.38 No.3

A novel average magnitude difference function (AMDF)-based pitch detection scheme (PDS) is proposed to achieve better performance in speech quality. A performance evaluation of the proposed PDS is carried out through both a simulation and a real-time implementation of a speech analysis-synthesis system. The parameters used to compare the performance of the proposed PDS with that of PDSs that are based on either a cepstrum, an autocorrelation function (ACF), an AMDF, or circular AMDF (CAMDF) methods are as follows: percentage gross pitch error (%GPE); a subjective listening test; an objective speech quality assessment; a speech intelligibility test; a synthesized speech waveform; computation time; and memory consumption. The proposed PDS results in lower %GPE and better synthesized speech quality and intelligibility for different speech signals as compared to the cepstrum-, ACF-, AMDF-, and CAMDF-based PDSs. The computational time of the proposed PDS is also less than that for the cepstrum-, ACF-, and CAMDF-based PDSs. Moreover, the total memory consumed by the proposed PDS is less than that for the ACF- and cepstrum-based PDSs.

Quality Improvement of Rayon Grade Bamboo Pulp by Modified Bleaching

Sandeep Tripathi,Om Prakash Mishra,Nirmal Sharma,Swapan Kumar Chakrabarti,Raghavan Varadhan 한국펄프·종이공학회 2011 펄프.종이기술 Vol.43 No.2