일본어교육으로서 연극도입에 대하여 -대학생의 의식 조사를 중심으로-

( Saito,Akemi ) 한국일어교육학회 2012 일본어교육연구 Vol.0 No.22

本稿は、韓國の大學における日本語會話の授業に演劇を導入する場合の意義、演劇指導の手順について述 べたあと、演劇に對する大學生の感想文をあげ、最後に大學生を大象としたアンケ一ト調査の結果について 言及したものである。演劇導入の意義としては、現實ではないが、文脈のある場面で日本語會話學ぶこと ができること、グル一プ活動をすることにより仲間意識が芽生え、學習意欲が高まること等をあげた。また、 演劇の手順としては、「事前指導→グル一プ作成→台本作成→台本の讀み合わせ→動作を伴う演劇の練習→發 表」の順に說明した。續いて、感想文とアンケ一ト調査の結果を報告したが、調査の結果、學生たちは演劇は 面白いと思い、發表した後滿足感を感じていることがわかった。そして、このような機會があれば、また參加 したいと思っている學生が多いことも明らかになった。また、グル一プのメンバ一は皆一生懸命やったと感 じ、メンバ一に感謝していると答えた學生も多かった。しかし、放課後に台本の讀み合わせや動作を伴った 練習、演劇の背景や音響の準備等をしたので、グル一プのメンバ一と時間の調整をするのが難しかったと答 えた學生も少なくなかった。これは今後改善しなければならない点でもある。また、日本語學習に關しては、 平素敎室では學習できない日本語の單語や表現を學ぶことができ、日本語の實力が伸びたと感じている學生 が多いということが明らかになった。

Perioperative Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Strength after Scoliosis Correction in Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Wataru Saito1,Kosuke Mizuno,Gen Inoue,Takayuki Imura1,Toshiyuki Nakazawa,Masayuki Miyagi,Eiki Shirasawa,Kentaro Uchida,Masashi Takaso 대한척추외과학회 2017 Asian Spine Journal Vol.11 No.5

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Purpose: To investigate the effect of spinal correction on respiratory muscle strength in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Overview of Literature: Several studies have reported that scoliosis correction in patients with DMD does not improve pulmonary function. In these studies, pulmonary function was evaluated using the traditional spirometric values of percent vital capacity (%VC) and percent forced vital capacity (%FVC). However, traditional spirometry may not be suitable for patients with DMD because the results can be influenced by patient fatigue or level of understanding. Therefore, we evaluated respiratory function focusing on respiratory muscle strength using maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), and sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP), in addition to %VC and %FVC. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 16 patients with DMD who underwent spinal correction surgery between 2006 and 2011 at Kitasato University Hospital. All patients were males, and the mean age was 13.5 years. Respiratory muscle strength was evaluated using MIP, MEP, and SNIP. Measurements were obtained preoperatively and at 1 and 6 months postoperatively, and %VC and %FVC were obtained preoperatively and within 6 months postoperatively. Results: The mean preoperative and postoperative %VC values were 54.0% and 51.7%, whereas the mean %FVC values were 53.9% and 53.2%, respectively. The mean MIP, MEP, and SNIP values obtained preoperatively and at 1 and 6 months postoperatively were as follows: MIP, 40.5, 42.7 and 47.2 cm H2O; MEP, 26.0, 28.0, and 29.0 cm H2O; and SNIP, 33.4, 33.0, and 33.0 cm H2O; respectively. The mean MIP and MEP values significantly improved postoperatively. There were no significant differences in SNIP, %VC, or %FVC preand postoperatively. Conclusions: By focusing on respiratory muscle strength, our results suggest that scoliosis correction in patients with DMD might have a favorable effect on respiratory function.

The Consonant System of West Middle Mongol

( Saito Yoshio ) 한국알타이학회 2011 알타이학보 Vol.0 No.21

A quadrilingual manuscript of the Muqaddimat al-Adab created in Central Asia in the fifteenth century AD contains many West Middle Mongolian words in Arabic transcription. Taking consonantal differences and implicational universals into consideration, the author posited in Saito (2009) eight phonemic vowels /i, e, a, o, u, u, o, i/ for the Mongolian language recorded in the Muqaddimat al-Adab. In the present paper, he investigates the consonant system of the same language and sets up the following seventeen consonant phonemes through analysis of the use of Arabic characters in the document: /t, k, b, d, g, c, j, s, s, h, r, l, m, n, ŋ, w, y/.

オンライン授業による日本語作文にみられる誤用例研究 ― 韓国の大学生を中心にして ―

齊藤良子 ( Saito¸ Ryoko ),齊藤明美 ( Saito¸ Akemi ) 한국일어교육학회 2023 일본어교육연구 Vol.- No.64

Many South Korean universities have conducted online classes since 2020 to prevent COVID-19. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, Japanese composition classes in South Korean universities were mainly held face-to-face, and with the teacher’s supervision, students used textbooks and dictionaries during class to look up words and check grammar. Students may complete the assigned compositions outside of class, but they mainly used these tools in writing. However, in the case of online classes compositions are all written outside of class, and with no teacher present to monitor the writing, some students may write using dictionaries and textbooks as usual, some may use translation apps, and some may ask for advice in writing. Students will have many opportunities to use translation apps even after graduation. Considering these possibilities, it would be meaningful to study misuse found in Japanese compositions that South Korean university students write in online classes. This study presents misuse examples found in the submitted compositions assigned in online classes, and discusses the reasons that led to misuse. Results show that misuse was found in nouns, adjectives, adverbs, particles, honorifics and expressions for acceptance. It is difficult to determine a single reason for misuse, but various factors such as mother-tongue interference, lack of study and use of translation apps can be considered.

日韓機械翻訳使用に関する認識と日本語の誤用例研究 ― オンライン授業を受講した韓国の大学生を中心にして ―

齊藤良子 ( Saito Ryoko ),齊藤明美 ( Saito Akemi ) 한국일어교육학회 2024 일본어교육연구 Vol.- No.66

Many South Korean universities have adopted online classes to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Recently misusage examples seen in Japanese composition assignments submitted in these classes differ from those in conventional face-to-face classes before the COVID-19 pandemic. One factor that led to this change is the influence of machine translation, which includes translation apps, translation sites and translation softwares that students use when writing. In case of online classes, students can write Japanese compositions outside of the classroom, asking for help from Japanese speaking acquaintances and using machine translation, while students would use dictionaries and textbooks in face-to-face classes. This study surveys the actual status of the usage of translation apps among online-class students when writing Japanese compositions, as well as examines how students recognize translation apps and how they use them. Composition assignments written in both Korean and Japanese with the same content were used to compare and analyze word misusage seen in the Japanese compositions and mistranslation by translation apps. This study looked for relevant factors between the use of translation apps and the actual misusage in the writing. Results of this survey shows that the majority of students used tools such as translation apps, but the condition of recognition and usage was relevant to the students’ major subject and their individual study history. With machine translation becoming increasingly common, studies such as this are necessary to achieve coexistence of language education including Japanese and machine translation.

Short-Term Results of Hybrid Closed-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy: A Case Series with a Minimum 3-Year Follow-up

Hidetomo Saito,Kimio Saito,Yoichi Shimada,Toshiaki Yamamura,Shin Yamada,Takahiro Sato,Koji Nozaka,Hiroaki Kijima,Naohisa Miyakoshi 대한슬관절학회 2018 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.30 No.4

Purpose: High tibial valgus osteotomy (HTO) is a well­established surgical procedure for patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. The hybrid closed­wedge HTO (CWHTO) procedure permits extensive correction in patients with severe deformities or patellofemoral joint OA. The aim of this study was to report the short­term results in a consecutive series of patients treated with hybrid CWHTO.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical outcomes and radiographic parameters in 29 consecutive knees that underwent hybrid CWTHO to correct medial compartment OA at an average follow­up of 52.6 months. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Lysholm score and knee scoring system of the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA). The Kellgren­Lawrence grading system and pre­ and postoperative mechanical axis (MA), femorotibial angle (FTA), posterior tibial slope, and patella height were assessed.Results: The FTA and MA significantly changed from 180.7° to 170.4° and from 22.0° to 60.2°, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the mean pre­ and postoperative posterior tibial slope, Insall­Salvati ratio, or Caton­Deschamps index. The postoperative JOA and Lysholm scores significantly improved from 76.7 to 95.8 and from 58.8 to 90.2, respectively. Conclusions: Satisfactory outcomes can be achieved with hybrid CWHTO in patients with medial OA.

Acute toxicity of textile printing effluent on carp( Cyprinus carpio)

Saito, Haruko 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1995 環境硏究 Vol.14 No.2

Wastewater samples revealed to have acute toxicity on carps even after treated physico-chemically, although the levels of chemical indicators of pollution were reduced. So, other measures to analyze biological effect should be added to evaluate water pollution thoroughly. further study to examine not only acute but also chronic biological effects of wastewater will be needed to establish better methods to evaluate safety of water.

Effects of the Lift Valve Opening Area on Water Hammer Pump Performance and Flow Behavior in the Valve Chamber

Saito, Sumio,Dejima, Keita,Takahashi, Masaaki,Hijikata, Gaku,Iwamura, Takuya Korean Society for Fluid machinery 2012 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.5 No.3

Water hammer pumps can effectively use the water hammer phenomenon for water pumping. They are capable of providing an effective fluid transport method in regions without a well-developed social infrastructure. The results of experiments examining the effect of the geometric form of water hammer pumps by considering their major dimensions have been reported. However, these conventional studies have not fully evaluated pump performance in terms of pump head and flow rate, common measures of pump performance. The authors have focused on the effects on the pump performance of various geometric form factors in water hammer pumps. The previous study examined how the hydrodynamic characteristics was affected by the inner diameter ratio of the drive and lift pipes and the angle of the drive pipe, basic form factors of water hammer pumps. The previous papers also showed that the behavior of water hammer pump operation could be divided into four characteristic phases. The behavior of temporal changes in valve chamber and air chamber pressures according to the air volume in the air chamber located downstream of the lift valve was also clarified in connection with changes in water hammer pump performance. In addition, the effects on water hammer pump performance of the length of the spring attached to the drain valve and the drain pipe angle, form factors around the drain valve, were examined experimentally. This study focuses on the form of the lift valve, a major component of water hammer pumps, and examines the effects of the size of the lift valve opening area on water hammer pump performance. It also clarifies the behavior of flow in the valve chamber during water hammer pump operation.

고대가요에 있어서 「 산(山)」 이 내포한 모성적 측면에 대하여

Saito , Asako 한국일어일문학회 1996 日語日文學硏究 Vol.28 No.1

本橋는 궁중의식관련가요인 『日本書紀』77번 가요와 葬禮를 노래한『萬葉集』集13권의 3331번 가요의 분석을 통해, 山과 母性과의 깊은 상관성을 밝혀 내려는 데 그 목적이 있다. 우선, 고대인의 大地에 대한 母神신앙에 앞서, 수렵시대의 모선신앙이 山이었음을 고려할 때,『日本書紀』77번가요의「隱國」이라는 詩語는「母胎回歸」를, 『萬葉集』13권의 3331번 가요의「靑幡의 忍坂山」이라는 비유는 단순한 서경묘사가 아닌「母性」과 「再生」을 상징적으로 표현하고 있음을 고찰하였다. 한편, 신라의 산악신앙에 있어, 山과 山神의 이름과 시조탄생신화와의 관련분석을 통해, 신라인에게 있어서도 「山」과 「母性」과 깊은 관련이 있었음을 지적했다. 따라서, 『日本書紀』 允恭紀條의 신라인의「山찬양」도 이같은 관점에서 이해할 수 있으리라 생각된다. 이상, 古代人의「山」에 대한 사고에 있어서의「母胎回歸」측면에서의 관찰을 통해 한일고대가요에 있어 공통적인 시적표현의식으로서의 「山」이 갖는 母性的側面을 밝히고자 하였다.

Impulse Trafficking in Neurons of the Mesencephalic Trigeminal Nucleus

Saito, Mitsuru,Kang, Young-Nam The Korean Academy of Oral Biology 2006 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.31 No.4

In the primary sensory neuron of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MTN), the peripheral axon supplies a large number of annulospiral endings surrounding intrafusal fibers encapsulated in single muscle spindles while the central axon sends only a few number of synapses onto single ${\alpha}-motoneurons({\alpha}-MNs)$. Therefore, the ${\alpha}-{\gamma}$ linkage is thought to be very crucial in the jaw-closing movement. Spike activity in a ${\gamma}-motoneuron\;({\gamma}-MN)$ would induce a large number of impulses in single peripheral axons by activating many intrafusal fibers simultaneously, subsequently causing an activation of ${\alpha}-MNs$ in spite of the small number of synapses. Thus, the activity of ${\gamma}-MNs$ may be vital for modulation of jaw-closing movements. Independently of such a spindle activity modulated by ${\gamma}-MNs$, somatic depolarization in MTN neurons is known to trigger the oscillatory spike activity. Nevertheless, the trafficking of these spikes arising from the two distinct sources of MTN neurons is not well understood. In this short review, switching among multiple functional modes of MTN neurons is discussed. Subsequently, it will be discussed which mode can support the ${\alpha}-{\gamma}$ linkage. In our most recent study, simultaneous patch-clamp recordings from the soma and axon hillock revealed a spike-back-propagation from the spike-initiation site in the stem axon to the soma in response to a somatic current pulse. The persistent $Na^+$ current was found to be responsible for the spike-initiation in the stem axon, the activation threshold of which was lower than those of soma spikes. Somatic inputs or impulses arising from the sensory ending, whichever trigger spikes in the stem axon first, would be forwarded through the central axon to the target synapse. We also demonstrated that at hyperpolarized membrane potentials, 4-AP-sensitive $K^+$ current ($IK_{4-AP}$) exerts two opposing effects on spikes depending on their origins; the suppression of spike initiation by increasing the apparent electrotonic distance between the soma and the spike-initiation site, and the facilitation of axonal spike invasion at higher frequencies by decreasing the spike duration and the refractory period. Through this mechanism, the spindle activity caused by ${\gamma}-MNs$ would be safely forwarded to ${\alpha}-MNs$. Thus, soma spikes shaped differentially by this $IK_{4-AP}$ depending on their origins would reflect which one of the two inputs was forwarded to the target synapses.