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Nonlinear ion dynamics in Hall thruster plasma source by ion transit-time instability
Lim, Youbong,Choe, Wonho,Mazouffre, Sté,phane,Park, Jae Sun,Kim, Holak,Seon, Jongho,Garrigues, L IOP PUBLISHING 2017 PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.26 No.3
<P>High-energy tail formation in an ion energy distribution function (IEDF) is explained in a Hall thruster plasma with the stationary crossed electric and magnetic fields whose discharge current is oscillated at the ion transit-time scale with a frequency of 360 kHz. Among ions in different charge states, singly charged Xe ions (Xe<SUP>+</SUP>) have an IEDF that is significantly broadened and shifted toward the high-energy side, which contributes to tail formation in the entire IEDF. Analytical and numerical investigations confirm that the IEDF tail is due to nonlinear ion dynamics in the ion transit-time oscillation.</P>
분만방식에 따른 모체 및 태아의 혈청 ACTH치 및 Prolactin치의 동태
이상태(ST Lee),윤혁재(HJ Yoon),서준(J Suh),김영철(YC Kim),최영희(YH Choi),임광호(KH Lim) 대한산부인과학회 1986 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.29 No.8
1 모체혈청 ACTH이는 자연경질 분만인 경우(463 7±89 4pg/ml), 선택적제왕절개 분만인 경우(161 7±11 3pg/ml)보다 현저히 높았다(P〈 0 01) 2 제대혈청 ACTH치는 제대동맥치와 제대정맥치 사이에 차이가 없었다 3 제대동맥 ACTH치는 자연경질 분만인 경우(891 3±116 1pg/ml)가 선택적 제왕절개 분만의 경우(334 5±34 3pg/ml)보다 현저히 높았으며, 제대정맥에서도 분만방식에 따라 동일한 차이를 보였다(P〈 0 05) 모체혈청 PRL치는 자연경질 분만인 경우(451 4±64 7ng/ml)가 제왕절개 분만인 경우(251 2±41 2ng/ml)보다 높았다 (P〈 0 05) 5 제대혈청 PRL치는 제대동맥치와 제대동맥치 사이에 차이가 없었다 6 제대동맥 PRL치는 자연경질 분만인 경우(408 9±71 2ng/ml), 선택적제왕절개 분만의 경우(347 5±63 6ng/ml)보다 다소 높았고, 제대정맥 PRL치에서도 같은 차이를 보였으나 유의한 차이는 없었다 즉, ACTH치는 모체에서나 태아에서나 분만stress에 따라 크게 증가하였고 PRL치는 분만 stress에 따라 모체에서만 크게 증가하고 태아에서는 다소 증가 하였다 The effect of the stress at delivery on the serum ACTH and prolatin levels of mother and fetus was studied by radioimmunoassay of the two hormomes Maternal and fetal serum ACTH levels in the spontaneous vaginal delivery (463 7±89 4 pg/ml in mother, 891 3±116 1 pg/ml in fetus, mean±SD) were significantly higher than those in the elective cesarean section delivery (161 7±11 3 pg/ml in mother, 334 5±34 3 pg/ml in fetus, mean±SD) However, maternal and fetal serum prolactin per se demonstrated only slight elevation by the stress at delivery It was concluded that serum prolactin level dose not increase but induces the elevation of serum ACTH level in mother and fetus in response to the stress at delivery
The JAK/STAT Pathway Is Involved in Synaptic Plasticity
Nicolas, Cé,line ,S.,Peineau, Sté,phane,Amici, Mascia,Csaba, Zsolt,Fafouri, Assia,Javalet, Charlotte,Collett, Valerie ,J.,Hildebrandt, Lars,Seaton, Gillian,Choi, Sun-Lim,Sim, Su-Eo Cell Press 2012 Neuron Vol.73 No.2
<▼1><P><B>Summary</B></P><P>The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is involved in many cellular processes, including cell growth and differentiation, immune functions and cancer. It is activated by various cytokines, growth factors, and protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and regulates the transcription of many genes. Of the four JAK isoforms and seven STAT isoforms known, JAK2 and STAT3 are highly expressed in the brain where they are present in the postsynaptic density (PSD). Here, we demonstrate a new neuronal function for the JAK/STAT pathway. Using a variety of complementary approaches, we show that the JAK/STAT pathway plays an essential role in the induction of NMDA-receptor dependent long-term depression (NMDAR-LTD) in the hippocampus. Therefore, in addition to established roles in cytokine signaling, the JAK/STAT pathway is involved in synaptic plasticity in the brain.</P></▼1><▼2><P>The authors demonstrate a new neuronal function for the JAK/STAT pathway in the induction of NMDA-receptor-dependent long-term depression (NMDAR-LTD) in the hippocampus.</P></▼2>