Silymarin attenuates escitalopram (cipralex) induced pancreatic injury in adult male albino rats: a biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical approach

Rasha Mamdouh Salama(Rasha Mamdouh Salama ),Sara Gamal Tayel(Sara Gamal Tayel ) 대한해부학회 2023 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.56 No.1

Depression is a prevalent global problem since ages, predominately treated with SSRI. Cipralex, is an antidepressant of the SSRIs class used as a remedy for mood, depression and anxiety. Silymarin (SIL), a natural free radical scavenging, has an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This hypothesis evaluates, for the first time, the role of cipralex on the structure of the endocrine and exocrine components of the pancreas and assess the beneficial effects of SIL on these changes. Forty-five rats were divided into control, cipralex, and cipralex plus SIL groups. During sacrifice, all rats and pancreases were weighed and the ratio of pancreatic weight (PW) to rat weight (RW) was calculated, blood samples were collected to estimate fasting glucose, insulin and amylase levels, the specimens were prepared for histological, immunohistochemical (inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS], tumour necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], caspase 3, proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA], and anti-insulin antibody), and morphometrical studies. Cipralex group exhibited marked destruction of the pancreatic architecture of the exocrine and endocrine parts, with a dense collagen fiber deposition. Also, there is highly significant decrease (P<0.001) of PW/RT ratio, insulin, and amylase levels, the number and diameter of islets of Langerhans, the number of PCNA positive immunoreactive cells, and the number of insulin positive β-cells. Furthermore, a highly significant increase of glucose level, iNOS, TNF-α, and caspase-3 positive immunoreactive cells in the islets of Langerhans and acinar cells were observed. SIL improves the pancreatic histological architecture, weight loss, biochemical, and immunohistochemical analyses. Administering SIL is advantageous in managing cipralex induced pancreatic injury via its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic qualities.

Fake News Detector using Machine Learning Algorithms

Diaa Salama,yomna Ibrahim,Radwa Mostafa,Abdelrahman Tolba,Mariam Khaled,John Gerges,Diaa Salama International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2024 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.24 No.7

With the Covid-19(Corona Virus) spread all around the world, people are using this propaganda and the desperate need of the citizens to know the news about this mysterious virus by spreading fake news. Some Countries arrested people who spread fake news about this, and others made them pay a fine. And since Social Media has become a significant source of news, .there is a profound need to detect these fake news. The main aim of this research is to develop a web-based model using a combination of machine learning algorithms to detect fake news. The proposed model includes an advanced framework to identify tweets with fake news using Context Analysis; We assumed that Natural Language Processing(NLP) wouldn't be enough alone to make context analysis as Tweets are usually short and do not follow even the most straightforward syntactic rules, so we used Tweets Features as several retweets, several likes and tweet-length we also added statistical credibility analysis for Twitter users. The proposed algorithms are tested on four different benchmark datasets. And Finally, to get the best accuracy, we combined two of the best algorithms used SVM ( which is widely accepted as baseline classifier, especially with binary classification problems ) and Naive Base.

ASYMPTOTIC-NUMERICAL METHOD FOR SINGULARLY PERTURBED DIFFERENTIAL DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS OF MIXED-TYPE

SALAMA, A.A.,AL-AMERY, D.G. The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2015 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.33 No.5

A computational method for solving singularly perturbed boundary value problem of differential equation with shift arguments of mixed type is presented. When shift arguments are sufficiently small (o(ε)), most of the existing method in the literature used Taylor's expansion to approximate the shift term. This procedure may lead to a bad approximation when the delay argument is of O(ε). The main idea for this work is to deal with constant shift arguments, which are independent of ε. In the present method, we construct the formally asymptotic solution of the problem using the method of composite expansion. The reduced problem is solved numerically by using operator compact implicit method, and the second problem is solved analytically. Error estimate is derived by using the maximum norm. Numerical examples are provided to support the theoretical results and to show the efficiency of the proposed method.

Development of Inclusive Education Guideline for students with Neuro-developmental Disabilities in Bangladesh

( Salama Begum ) 대구대학교 한국특수교육문제연구소 2018 한국특수교육문제연구소 학술대회발표자료집 Vol.2018 No.1

Inclusive education represents a whole-school concern and works to align special education with general education in a manner that most effectively and efficiently imparts quality education to all, while Sustainable Development Goal focuses on the inclusive education for all. The study is to explore the process documents and formation of inclusive education guideline for students with Autism and NDDs at secondary education system in Bangladesh. Total 390 participants from 4 divisions in 8 districtswere taken as respondents in the study. Head teachers of mainstreaming secondary schools, Madrasha supers,parents of special child, teachers of special schools, master trainers of National Academy for Autism and Neuro-developmental Disabilities (NAAND) project, experts in autism and NDDs and representatives of Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health and family welfare and Ministry of Social Welfare were attended as respondents. The information was collected through various descriptive methods such as In-depth Interview (IDI), Key Informant Information (KII), Focus Group Discussion (FGDs), training workshops, and National level seminar and workshop.The highest focused comments and discussions from various methods of data collection were accumulated as findings. A developed inclusive education guideline has been designed and structured from the concepts of inclusive education requirements in all aspects of schooling highlighted by UNESCO. Creating awareness among all stakeholders about the rights of education of children with NDDs, ensuring the enrollment of special needs children, enhancing both physical and curriculum adaptation, providing appropriate teaching aids and teaching methods, adapting the educational assessment and evaluation process, protecting the drop-out problems and counseling to the peer and parents of children without disabilities are the keys components of the guideline. Within the guideline, the implementing strategies and the process of accountability were explored. Now, the inclusive education guideline for children with Autism and Neuro-Developmental disabilities (NDD) is in Ministry of Education for final approval and gazette publication.

The effects of salinity on the growth and biochemical properties of Chlamydomonas mexicana GU732420 cultivated in municipal wastewater

Salama, El-Sayed,Abou-Shanab, Reda A.I.,Kim, Jung Rae,Lee, Sangho,Kim, Seong-Heon,Oh, Sang-Eun,Kim, Hyun-Chul,Roh, Hyun-Seog,Jeon, Byong-Hun Taylor Francis 2014 Environmental Technology Vol.35 No.12

Recent progress in microalgal biomass production coupled with wastewater treatment for biofuel generation

Salama, El-Sayed,Kurade, Mayur B.,Abou-Shanab, Reda A.I.,El-Dalatony, Marwa M.,Yang, Il-Seung,Min, Booki,Jeon, Byong-Hun Elsevier 2017 RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS Vol.79 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Microalgae are a potential source of sustainable biomass feedstock for biofuel generation, and can proliferate under versatile environmental conditions. Mass cultivation of microalgae is the most overpriced and technically challenging step in microalgal biofuel generation. Wastewater is an available source of the water plus nutrients necessary for algae cultivation. Microalgae provide a cost-effective and sustainable means of advanced (waste)water treatment with the simultaneous production of commercially valuable products. Microalgae show higher efficiency in nutrient removal than other microorganisms because the nutrients (ammonia, nitrate, phosphate, urea and trace elements) present in various wastewaters are essential for microalgal growth. Potential progress in the area of microalgal cultivation coupled with wastewater treatment in open and closed systems has led to an improvement in algal biomass production. However, significant efforts are still required for the development and optimization of a coupled system to simultaneously generate biomass and treat wastewater. In this review, the systematic description of the technologies required for the successful integration of wastewater treatment and cultivation of microalgae for biomass production toward biofuel generation was discussed. It deeply reviews the microalgae-mediated treatment of different wastewaters (including municipal, piggery/swine, industrial, and anaerobic wastewater), and highlight the wastewater characteristics suitable for microalgae cultivation. Various pretreatment methods (such as filtration, autoclaving, UV application, and dilution) needed for wastewater prior to its use for microalgae cultivation have been discussed. The selection of potential microalgae species that can grow in wastewater and generate a large amount of biomass has been considered. Discussion on microalgal cultivation systems (including raceways, photobioreactors, turf scrubbers, and hybrid systems) that use wastewater, evaluating the capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operational expenditures (OPEX) of each system was reported. In view of the limitations of recent studies, the future directions for integrated wastewater treatment and microalgae biomass production for industrial applications were suggested.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Challenges in using wastewater for microalgae cultivation and biomass production. </LI> <LI> Treatment of different wastewaters and reuse of the treated water. </LI> <LI> Recovery of valuable nutrients (N/P) and removal of organic pollutants. </LI> <LI> Application of wastewater in raceways, photobioreactors, turf scrubbers, and hybrid systems. </LI> <LI> Genetically engineered microalgae for efficient wastewater treatment. </LI> </UL> </P>

Enhancement of microalgae growth and fatty acid content under the influence of phytohormones

Salama, E.S.,Kabra, A.N.,Ji, M.K.,Kim, J.R.,Min, B.,Jeon, B.H. Elsevier Applied Science 2014 Bioresource technology Vol.172 No.-

The growth of Scenedesmus obliquus improved with increase in phytohormones concentrations (10<SUP>-8</SUP>-10<SUP>-5</SUP>M). Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) supported the maximum growth at 10<SUP>-5</SUP>M with 17.7x10<SUP>6</SUP>cells/mL and total fatty acid of 97.9mg/g-DCW, enhancing the growth by 1.9-fold compared to control (9.5x10<SUP>6</SUP>cells/mL). While 10<SUP>-5</SUP>M of a newly discovered phytohormone Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DAH) demonstrated a 2.5-fold higher growth with 23.5x10<SUP>6</SUP>cells/mL and a total fatty acid content of 100mg/g-DCW. Poly-unsaturated fatty acid content increased up to 56% and 59% at 10<SUP>-5</SUP>M of IAA and DAH, respectively. The highest carbohydrate content (33% and 34%) achieved at 10<SUP>-8</SUP>M and 10<SUP>-5</SUP>M of IAA and DAH, respectively. While, the highest protein content (34% and 35%) obtained at 10<SUP>-8</SUP>M of IAA and DAH, respectively. The current investigation demonstrates that phytohormones accelerate microalgal growth and induce the quality and quantity of fatty acid content for biodiesel production.

Design and Performance of Space-Time Trellis Codes for Rapid Rayleigh Fading Channels

SalamA.Zummo,SaudA.Al-Semari 한국통신학회 2003 Journal of communications and networks Vol.5 No.2

Application of acid mine drainage for coagulation/flocculation of microalgal biomass

Salama, El-Sayed,Kim, Jung Rae,Ji, Min-Kyu,Cho, Dong-Wan,Abou-Shanab, Reda A.I.,Kabra, Akhil N.,Jeon, Byong-Hun Elsevier 2015 Bioresource technology Vol.186 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A novel application of acid mine drainage (AMD) for biomass recovery of two morphologically different microalgae species with respect to AMD dosage, microalgal cell density and pH of medium was investigated. Optimal flocculation of <I>Scenedesmus obliquus</I> and <I>Chlorella vulgaris</I> occurred with 10% dosage of AMD at an initial pH 9 for both 0.5 and 1.0g/L cell density. The flocculation efficiency was 89% for <I>S</I>. <I>obliquus</I> and 93% for <I>C</I>. <I>vulgaris</I>. Zeta potential (ZP) was increased from −10.66 to 1.77 and −13.19 to 1.33 for <I>S</I>. <I>obliquus</I> and <I>C</I>. <I>vulgaris</I>, respectively. Scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive X-ray of the microalgae floc confirmed the sweeping floc formation mechanism upon the addition of AMD. Application of AMD for the recovery of microalgae biomass is a cost-effective method, which might further allow reuse of flocculated medium for algal cultivation, thereby contributing to the economic production of biofuel from microalgal biomass.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> AMD contains high amount of Fe(II)/Al(III) ions which are natural flocculants. </LI> <LI> Sweeping microalgal floc formation was the dominant mechanism in this study. </LI> <LI> AMD can be an efficient coagulant/flocculant for low-cost microalgae harvesting. </LI> </UL> </P>

Interactive effect of indole-3-acetic acid and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate on the growth and fatty acid content of some microalgae for biodiesel production

Salama, El-Sayed,Jeon, Byong-Hun,Chang, Soon Woong,Lee, Sang-hun,Roh, Hyun-Seog,Yang, Il-Seung,Kurade, Mayur B.,El-Dalatony, Marwa M.,Kim, Do-Hyeon,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Kim, Sunjoon Elsevier 2017 Journal of cleaner production Vol.168 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Enhancement of microalgal growth and fatty acid production is essential for development of a microalgae-based biodiesel production platform. Three different microalgal species (<I>Scenedesmus obliquus</I> GU732418, <I>Ourococcus multisporus</I> GU732424 and <I>Chlorella vulgaris</I> FR751187) were individually cultivated in media containing both indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DAH) at concentrations of 10<SUP>−8</SUP>−10<SUP>−4</SUP> M. Combined phytohormones (10<SUP>−8</SUP> to 10<SUP>−5</SUP> M) increased the growth of all three species compared to growth in media without phytohormones. IAA and DAH supported the maximum growth of <I>S</I>. <I>obliquusi</I> (38.12 × 10<SUP>6</SUP> cells mL<SUP>−1</SUP>) at 10<SUP>−8</SUP> M, <I>O</I>. <I>multisporus</I> (85.89 × 10<SUP>6</SUP> cells mL<SUP>−1</SUP>) at 10<SUP>−6</SUP> M, and <I>C. vulgaris</I> (4.09 × 10<SUP>6</SUP> cells mL<SUP>−1</SUP>) at 10<SUP>−5</SUP> M. Addition of 10<SUP>−7</SUP> M IAA and DAH also assisted the removal of Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> (97%), K<SUP>+</SUP> (88%) and Mg<SUP>2+</SUP> (99%) from the media by <I>S</I>. <I>obliquus</I>. The highest removal of Zn<SUP>2+</SUP>, K<SUP>+</SUP>, and Mg<SUP>2+</SUP> by <I>C</I>. <I>vulgaris</I> was achieved at 10<SUP>−5</SUP> M IAA and DAH. Under all experimental conditions (10<SUP>−8</SUP>−10<SUP>−4</SUP> M IAA and DAH) the amounts of poly-unsaturated fatty acids were significantly increased. Palmitic acid, linoleic acid and γ-linolenic acid were the major fatty acids, accounting for 11.75–21.55%, 2.55–6.73%, and 52.93–75.89% of the total fatty acid content, respectively. The fatty acids that accumulated in <I>O</I>. <I>multisporus</I> and <I>C</I>. <I>vulgaris</I> were found to be suitable for production of high quality biodiesel with characteristics equivalent to crop seed oil-derived biodiesel.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> IAA and DAH in the range of 10<SUP>−8</SUP>−10<SUP>−5</SUP> M enhanced the growth of algae. </LI> <LI> PUFAs was increased by growth in medium containing both IAA and DAH. </LI> <LI> Accumulated fatty acids in algae are suitable for production of high quality biodiesel. </LI> </UL> </P>