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MORE GENERALIZED FUZZY SUBSEMIGROUPS/IDEALS IN SEMIGROUPS
Khan, Muhammad Sajjad Ali,Abdullah, Saleem,Jun, Young Bi,Rahman, Khaista The Honam Mathematical Society 2017 호남수학학술지 Vol.39 No.4
The main motivation of this article is to generalized the concept of fuzzy ideals, (${\alpha},{\beta}$)-fuzzy ideals, (${\in},{\in}{\vee}q_k$)-fuzzy ideals of semigroups. By using the concept of $q^{\delta}_K$-quasi-coincident of a fuzzy point with a fuzzy set, we introduce the notions of (${\in},{\in}{\vee}q^{\delta}_k$)-fuzzy left ideal, (${\in},{\in}{\vee}q^{\delta}_k$)-fuzzy right ideal of a semigroup. Special sets, so called $Q^{\delta}_k$-set and $[{\lambda}^{\delta}_k]_t$-set, condition for the $Q^{\delta}_k$-set and $[{\lambda}^{\delta}_k]_t$-set-set to be left (resp. right) ideals are considered. We finally characterize different classes of semigroups (regular, left weakly regular, right weakly regular) in term of (${\in},{\in}{\vee}q^{\delta}_k$)-fuzzy left ideal, (${\in},{\in}{\vee}q^{\delta}_k$)-fuzzy right ideal and (${\in},{\in}{\vee}q^{\delta}_k$)-fuzzy ideal of semigroup S.
DECENTRALIZATION AND POVERTY REDUCTION: A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR EXPLORING THE LINKAGES
SAJJAD ALI KHAN 한국행정학회 2013 International Review of Public Administration Vol.18 No.2
This study explores the relationship between decentralization and poverty reduction. It seeks to identify the potential links between decentralization (devolution) and three specified dimensions of poverty by working out a conceptual framework. The framework upholds that through regional targeting and economic efficiency, decentralization might lead to improvements in economic growth, which may in turn reduce absolute poverty (1st link). Regional targeting and economic efficiency may at the same time also accrue in improved provision of public services, which may result a decrease in the prevailing extent of relative deprivation (2nd link). In addition, through increased participation and representation,decentralization might empower the impoverished and disadvantaged and give them a voice in the decision-making process, which may ultimately lead to a reduction in deprivation of certain capabilities (e.g., political,economic, and sociocultural capabilities) (3rd link). It is interesting to point out that the various benefits accruing from decentralization not only directly relate to a specific dimension of poverty but are, at the same time,also indirectly correlated to other dimensions.
Characterization of regular semigroup by (∈, ∈∨(k*, q_k))-fuzzy ideals
Muhammad Sajjad Ali Khan,Saleem Abdullah,Khaista Rahman,Syed Zaheer Abbas 원광대학교 기초자연과학연구소 2017 ANNALS OF FUZZY MATHEMATICS AND INFORMATICS Vol.13 No.3
In this article we define the notion of (∈, ∈∨(k*, q_k))-fuzzy left (right) ideals, (∈, ∈∨(k*, q_k))-fuzzy (generalized) bi-ideals, (∈, ∈∨(k*, q_k))-fuzzy interior ideals and (∈, ∈∨(k*, q_k))-fuzzy quasi-ideals in semigroups. Finally we characterized regular semigroup by the properties of these ideals.
More Generalized fuzzy subsemigroups/ideals in semigroups
Muhammad Sajjad Ali Khan,Saleem Abdullah,전영비,Khaista Rahman 호남수학회 2017 호남수학학술지 Vol.39 No.4
The main motivation of this article is to generalized the concept of fuzzy ideals, $(\alpha ,\beta )$-fuzzy ideals, $(\in ,\in \vee q_{k})$-fuzzy ideals of semigroups. By using the concept of $q_{K}^{\delta }$% -quasi-coincident of a fuzzy point with a fuzzy set, we introduce the notions of $(\in ,\in \vee q_{k}^{\delta })$-fuzzy left ideal, $(\in ,\in \vee q_{k}^{\delta })$-fuzzy right ideal of a semigroup. Special sets, so called $Q_{k}^{\delta }$-set and $\left[ \lambda _{k}^{\delta }\right] _{t}$-set, condition for the $Q_{k}^{\delta }$-set and $\left[ \lambda _{k}^{\delta }\right] _{t}$-set to be left (resp. right) ideals are considered. We finally characterize different classes of semigroups (regular, left weakly regular, right weakly regular) in term of $(\in ,\in \vee q_{k}^{\delta })$-fuzzy left ideal, $(\in ,\in \vee q_{k}^{\delta })$% -fuzzy right ideal and $(\in ,\in \vee q_{k}^{\delta })$-fuzzy ideal of semigroup $S$.
Sajjad Haider,Hamza Farooq Gabriel,Shaukat Ali Khan 대한토목학회 2017 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.21 No.7
This technical note studies the supercritical junction flow occurring at the right-angled confluence of four equal-width channels in which two upstream channels carry flow towards the junction. The note seeks to investigate, firstly, the pertinence of a 2D shallow water equation model to reproduce the typical flow structures at the junction. The second objective is to build a computationally efficient model with more resolution applied at critical point i.e. junction and less in areas where the flow is primarily 1D i.e. channels and compare such model, named, ‘sparse’ with a uniformly meshed model regarding solution accuracy and computational efficiency. The results indicate that the sparse model is able to reproduce typical flow structures appearing at the channel junction in an adequate manner. The discharge distribution is fairly well predicted. The jump angles are almost the same in the two models as well as the location and size of the recirculation zones and the flow depth super-elevation areas. However, the two models diverge in the prediction of very small depths in the recirculation zone where the sparse model overestimates the depths. As regards, computational efficiency, the sparse model is found to be 61% more efficient than the uniform mesh model.
Attitude Control of Quadcopter Using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Control
Asif Sajjad Khan Anjum,Rana Ali Sufian,Zain Abbas,Ijaz Mansoor Qureshi 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.4
This research contains the simulation and designing of Quadcopter using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Controller to control the altitude of quadcopter and obstacle detection. Now a day’s advancement in technology has made it possible to develop low power and lightweight with accurate sensors which are used with controllers for controlling, which have high processing power but small power consumption. This has been allowed for the development of complex and difficult control systems that can be implemented onboard UAV. With this combination of high precision and light weight, real-time onboard navigation or guidance and autonomous flights are now practical. This research work used a Fuzzy controller to control the pitch angle of quadcopter and avoiding obstacles. The fuzzy controller receives the sensory data and adjust the pitch accordingly until unless it finds the clear path. For detecting obstacles the IR sensors are used. For designing a fuzzy inference system used Sugeno model and used mat lab commands to design ANFIS as we have another method for designing by using a Simulink as well. ANFIS designed is based on kinematics and dynamics equation of quadcopter that will be able to control the pitch of quadcopter. Simulations results in mat lab show that by using ANFIS the performance of Quadcopter will be improved significantly.
Asif Sajjad,Shafqat SAEED,Mudssar ALI,Fawad Zafar Ahmad KHAN,권용정,Mariano DEVOTO 한국곤충학회 2017 Entomological Research Vol.47 No.6
Seasonal turnover in plant and floral visitor communities changes the structure of the network of interactions they are involved in. Despite the dynamic nature of plant–visitor networks, a usual procedure is to pool year‐round interaction data into a single network which may result in a biased depiction of the real structure of the interaction network. The annual temporal dynamics and the effect of merging monthly data have previously been described for qualitative data (i.e. describing the occurrence of interactions) alone, while its quantitative aspect (i.e. the actual frequency with which interactions occur) remain little explored. For this, we built a set of 12 monthly networks describing year‐round plant–floral visitor interactions in a 30‐hectare planted forest and its adjacent agricultural landscape at Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan. A total of 80 plant and 162 insect species, which engaged in 1573 unique interactions, were recorded. Most network properties (particularly the number of plants, visitors and unique interactions) varied markedly during the year. Data aggregation showed that while animal species, plant species, unique interaction, weighted nestedness, interaction diversity and robustness increased, connectance and specialization decreased. The only metric which seemed relatively unaffected by data pooling was interaction evenness. In general, quantitative metrics were relatively less affected by temporal data aggregation than qualitative ones. Avoiding data aggregation not only gives a more realistic depiction of the dynamic nature of plant–visitor community networks, but also avoids biasing network metrics and, consequently, their expected response to disturbances such as the loss of species.
QUASI AND BI IDEALS IN LEFT ALMOST RINGS
Hussain, Fawad,Khan, Walayat,Khan, Muhammad Sajjad Ali,Abdullah, Saleem The Honam Mathematical Society 2019 호남수학학술지 Vol.41 No.3
The aim of this paper is to extend the concept of quasi and bi-ideals from left almost semigroups to left almost rings which are the generalization of one sided ideals. Further, we discuss quasi and bi-ideals in regular left almost rings and intra regular left almost rings. We then explore many interesting and elegant properties of quasi and bi-ideals.
Quasi and bi ideals in left almost rings
Fawad Hussain,Walayat Khan,Muhammad Sajjad Ali Khan,Saleem Abdullah 호남수학회 2019 호남수학학술지 Vol.41 No.3
The aim of this paper is to extend the concept of quasi and bi-ideals from left almost semigroups to left almost rings which are the generalization of one sided ideals. Further, we discuss quasi and bi-ideals in regular left almost rings and intra regular left almost rings. We then explore many interesting and elegant properties of quasi and bi-ideals.