Experimental Pathogenesis of Pullorum Disease with the Local Isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar. enterica subspecies Pullorum in Pullets in Bangladesh

M. G. Haider,E. H. Chowdhury,M. A. H. N. A. Khan,M. T. Hossain,M. S. Rahman,송희종,M. M. Hossain 한국가금학회 2008 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.35 No.4

The research work was carried out to study the pathogenesis covering the clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions in different organs, and reisolation and identification of the organisms after experimental infection with the local isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar. enterica subspecies (S.) Pullorum at different time interval of the experiment during the period February 2006 to December 2006. One hundred pullets (seronegative to S. Pullorum of 12 weeks age were purchased and divided into 5 (A, B, C, D and E) groups and each group consisted of 20 birds. Four groups (A, B, C and D) were infected orally with a dose of 106 CFU, 107 CFU, 2 × 107 CFU, 108 CFU of S. Pullorum, respectively, and one group (E) was treated as uninfected control. The used methods were necropsy and histopathology, culture of bacteria, staining and biochemical test of Salmonella. Five birds from each group were randomly selected and sacrificed 1st week, 2nd, 3rd and 4th weeks of post infection (PI). From all the groups, the bacteriological samples (crop, liver, lung, heart, spleen, bile duodenum, ceca and blood) were collected with pre enriched in buffered peptone water in sterile poly bags. Liver, lungs, heart, spleen, intestine, etc. were collected in 10% buffered-formalin for histopathological examination. No clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions were found in control group and no S. Pullorum was reisolated. Clinical sign of experimentally infected with S. Pullorum in pullets were loss of appetite (100%), slight depression (75%), ruffled feathers (85%), diarrhea (60%) and loss of weight (100%) in chickens. The feed intake and body weight at different weeks after PI differed significantly (p<0.01) among the groups. Grossly, the highest recorded lesion was button-like ulcer in the ceca (80%) and the lowest was white nodules in lungs (1.25%). S. Pullorum were reisolated from crop (91.25%), liver (91.25%), lung (83.75%), heart (71.25%), spleen (87.75%), bile (33.25%), duodenum (92.50%), ceca (97.50%) and from different group of infection (61.25%). The highest microscopic findings were intestinal and cecal mucosa and submucosa exhibited infiltration of mononuclear cells and congestion (96.25%), and the lowest finding was nodule formation in the lungs (3.75%). The pattern of the disease production by local isolate of S. Pullorum in Bangladesh is almost similar with other isolates in different countries. The research work was carried out to study the pathogenesis covering the clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions in different organs, and reisolation and identification of the organisms after experimental infection with the local isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar. enterica subspecies (S.) Pullorum at different time interval of the experiment during the period February 2006 to December 2006. One hundred pullets (seronegative to S. Pullorum of 12 weeks age were purchased and divided into 5 (A, B, C, D and E) groups and each group consisted of 20 birds. Four groups (A, B, C and D) were infected orally with a dose of 106 CFU, 107 CFU, 2 × 107 CFU, 108 CFU of S. Pullorum, respectively, and one group (E) was treated as uninfected control. The used methods were necropsy and histopathology, culture of bacteria, staining and biochemical test of Salmonella. Five birds from each group were randomly selected and sacrificed 1st week, 2nd, 3rd and 4th weeks of post infection (PI). From all the groups, the bacteriological samples (crop, liver, lung, heart, spleen, bile duodenum, ceca and blood) were collected with pre enriched in buffered peptone water in sterile poly bags. Liver, lungs, heart, spleen, intestine, etc. were collected in 10% buffered-formalin for histopathological examination. No clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions were found in control group and no S. Pullorum was reisolated. Clinical sign of experimentally infected with S. Pullorum in pullets were loss of appetite (100%), slight depression (75%), ruffled feathers (85%), diarrhea (60%) and loss of weight (100%) in chickens. The feed intake and body weight at different weeks after PI differed significantly (p<0.01) among the groups. Grossly, the highest recorded lesion was button-like ulcer in the ceca (80%) and the lowest was white nodules in lungs (1.25%). S. Pullorum were reisolated from crop (91.25%), liver (91.25%), lung (83.75%), heart (71.25%), spleen (87.75%), bile (33.25%), duodenum (92.50%), ceca (97.50%) and from different group of infection (61.25%). The highest microscopic findings were intestinal and cecal mucosa and submucosa exhibited infiltration of mononuclear cells and congestion (96.25%), and the lowest finding was nodule formation in the lungs (3.75%). The pattern of the disease production by local isolate of S. Pullorum in Bangladesh is almost similar with other isolates in different countries.

Calorimetric studies of the crystallization process in a-Se75S25-xAgx chalcogenide glasses

Shamshad A. Khan,F.S. Al-Hazmi,A.S. Faidah,A.A. Al-Ghamdi 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.3

Calorimetric studies of amorphous Se75S25-xAgx (x = 2, 4, 6 and 8) chalcogenide glasses are made at different heating rates (5, 10, 15 and 20 K/min) under non-isothermal condition using Differential scanning calorimetry. The values of glass transition temperature and crystallization temperature are observed to be composition and heating rate dependence. From the heating rate dependence of glass transition temperature and crystallization temperature, the activation energy for structural relaxation (△Et), the activation energy of crystallization (△Ec) and the order parameter (n) have been calculated. It is observed that Se75S19Ag6 has a minimum value of activation energy for structural relaxation (△Et), which indicates that this particular glass has a larger probability to jump to a state of lower configurational energy and higher stability in the glassy region. On the basis of the obtained experimental data the temperature difference (Tc - Tg) is found to be maximum for Se75S19Ag6, which further indicate that this glass is the thermally most stable in the entire composition range of investigation. Calorimetric studies of amorphous Se75S25-xAgx (x = 2, 4, 6 and 8) chalcogenide glasses are made at different heating rates (5, 10, 15 and 20 K/min) under non-isothermal condition using Differential scanning calorimetry. The values of glass transition temperature and crystallization temperature are observed to be composition and heating rate dependence. From the heating rate dependence of glass transition temperature and crystallization temperature, the activation energy for structural relaxation (△Et), the activation energy of crystallization (△Ec) and the order parameter (n) have been calculated. It is observed that Se75S19Ag6 has a minimum value of activation energy for structural relaxation (△Et), which indicates that this particular glass has a larger probability to jump to a state of lower configurational energy and higher stability in the glassy region. On the basis of the obtained experimental data the temperature difference (Tc - Tg) is found to be maximum for Se75S19Ag6, which further indicate that this glass is the thermally most stable in the entire composition range of investigation.

Development of Bovine Specific Leptin Radioimmunoassay and Relationship of Plasma Leptin with Vitamin A and Age of Wagyu

Yang, S.H.,Kawachi, H.,Khan, M.A.,Lee, S.Y.,Kim, H.S.,Ha, Jong K.,Lee, W.S.,Lee, H.J.,Ki, K.S.,Kim, S.B.,Sakaguchi, S.,Maruyama, S.,Yano, H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.9

Leptin is produced by adipocytes and its role in the regulation of lipid metabolism, feed intake, productive and reproductive performance of domestic animal species has been greatly stressed and extensively investigated in recent years. This study was conducted to develop a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the estimation of plasma bovine leptin and to determine plasma leptin concentration in fattening Japanese Black cattle (Wagyu) and its crossbreds at commercial farms. Relationships of plasma leptin with plasma vitamin A and age of crossbred cattle were also determined. Recombinant bovine leptin (rbleptin) was produced by the E. coli overexpressed leptin as a GST (glutathione S-transferase)-fusion protein. Then antiserum against bovine leptin was obtained by its immunization in rabbits. Using this antiserum, a bovine specific RIA was developed and plasma leptin level was determined in 120 crossbred fattening cattle (WagyuHolstein, 50:50) at commercial farms. The plasma leptin level increased with the age of cattle and its level was greater in the crossbred heifers than in the steers. Plasma vitamin A level was negatively correlated with plasma leptin level in crossbred heifers and steers. This relationship was stronger in heifers than in steers. Plasma leptin was gradually increased with advancing age in fattening Wagyu cattle. In conclusion, development of a bovine specific RIA to estimate plasma leptin will contribute to better understanding of the role of leptin in cattle.

Experimental Pathogenesis of Pullorum Disease with the Local Isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar. enterica subspecies Pullorum in Pullets in Bangladesh

Haider, M.G.,Chowdhury, E.H.,Khan, M.A.H.N.A.,Hossain, M.T.,Rahman, M.S.,Song, H.J.,Hossain, M.M. The Korean Society of Poultry Science 2009 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.35 No.4

이 실험은 추백리의 병원성을 연구하고자 2006년 2월부터 12월까지 Salmonella enterica serovar. enterica subspecies (S.) Pullorum 야외주를 분리한 후, 이를 건강한 닭에 실험적으로 감염시킨 다음 임상증상, 여러 기관의 육안 및 조직병리학적 검색과 아울러 공격주의 재분리와 동정을 시도하였다. S. Pullorum에 혈청학적으로 음성인 12주령의 100수의 암탉을 $A{\sim}E$까지 20수씩 5그룹으로 구분하였다. $A{\sim}DS$. Pullorum을 $10^6\;CFU$, $10^7\;CFU$, $2{\times}10^7\;CFU$, $10^8\;CFU$로 각각 경구 감염시켰고, E는 비감염 대조군으로 삼았다. 실험 방법으로는 부검, 조직병리학적 검사, Salmonella에 대한 세균 배양, 염색, 생화학적 특성을 조사하고 그 결과를 기술하였다. The research work was carried out to study the pathogenesis covering the clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions in different organs, and reisolation and identification of the organisms after experimental infection with the local isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar. enterica subspecies (S.) Pullorum at different time interval of the experiment during the period February 2006 to December 2006. One hundred pullets (seronegative to S. Pullorum of 12 weeks age were purchased and divided into 5 (A, B, C, D and E) groups and each group consisted of 20 birds. Four groups (A, B, C and D) were infected orally with a dose of $10^6\;CFU$, $10^7\;CFU$, $2{\times}10^7\;CFU$, $10^8\;CFU$ of S. Pullorum, respectively, and one group (E) was treated as uninfected control. The used methods were necropsy and histopathology, culture of bacteria, staining and biochemical test of Salmonella. Five birds from each group were randomly selected and sacrificed $1^{st}$ week, $2^{nd}$, $3^{rd}$ and $4^{th}$ weeks of post infection (PI). From all the groups, the bacteriological samples (crop, liver, lung, heart, spleen, bile duodenum, ceca and blood) were collected with pre enriched in buffered peptone water in sterile poly bags. Liver, lungs, heart, spleen, intestine, etc. were collected in 10% buffered-formalin for histopathological examination. No clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions were found in control group and no S. Pullorum was reisolated. Clinical sign of experimentally infected with S. Pullorum in pullets were loss of appetite (100%), slight depression (75%), ruffled feathers (85%), diarrhea (60%) and loss of weight (100%) in chickens. The feed intake and body weight at different weeks after PI differed significantly (p<0.01) among the groups. Grossly, the highest recorded lesion was button-like ulcer in the ceca (80%) and the lowest was white nodules in lungs (1.25%). S. Pullorum were reisolated from crop (91.25%), liver (91.25%), lung (83.75%), heart (71.25%), spleen (87.75%), bile (33.25%), duodenum (92.50%), ceca (97.50%) and from different group of infection (61.25%). The highest microscopic findings were intestinal and cecal mucosa and submucosa exhibited infiltration of mononuclear cells and congestion (96.25%), and the lowest finding was nodule formation in the lungs (3.75%). The pattern of the disease production by local isolate of S. Pullorum in Bangladesh is almost similar with other isolates in different countries.

Host plant growth promotion and cadmium detoxification in Solanum nigrum, mediated by endophytic fungi

Khan, A.R.,Ullah, I.,Waqas, M.,Park, G.S.,Khan, A.L.,Hong, S.J.,Ullah, R.,Jung, B.K.,Park, C.E.,Ur-Rehman, S.,Lee, I.J.,Shin, J.H. Academic Press 2017 Ecotoxicology and environmental safety Vol.136 No.-

<P>Current investigation conducted to evaluate the associated fungal endophyte interactions of a Cd hyper accumulator Solanum nigrum Korean ecotype under varying concentrations of Cd. Two indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) producing fungal strains, RSF-4L and RSF-6L, isolated from the leaves of S. nigrum, were initially screened for Cd tolerance and accumulation potential. In terms of dry biomass production, the strain RSF-6L showed higher tolerance and accumulation capacity for Cd toxicity in comparison to RSF-4L. Therefore, RSF-6L was applied in vivo to S. nigrum and grown for six weeks under Cd concentrations of 0, 10, and 30 mg Kg(-1) of dry sand. The effect of fungal inoculation assessed by plant physiological responses, endogenous biochemical regulations, and Cd profile in different tissues. Significant increase were observed in plant growth attributes such as shoot length, root length, dry biomass, leaf area, and chlorophyll contents in inoculated RSF-6L plants in comparison to non-inoculated plants with or without Cd contamination. RSF-6L inoculation decreased uptake of Cd in roots and above ground parts, as evidenced by a low bio-concentration factor (BCF) and improved tolerance index (TI). However, Cd concentration in the leaves remained the same for inoculated and non-inoculated plants under Cd spiking. Fungal inoculation protected the host plants, as evidenced by low peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol peroxidase (PPO) activities and high catalase (CAT) activity. Application of appropriate fungal inoculation that can improve tolerance mechanisms of hyper-accumulators and reduce Cd uptake can be recommended for phyto-stabilisation/immobilisation of heavy metals in crop fields. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</P>

Selection of Sahiwal Cattle Bulls on Pedigree and Progeny

Bhatti, A.A.,Khan, M.S.,Rehman, Z.,Hyder, A.U.,Hassan, F. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.1

The objective of the study was to compare ranking of Sahiwal bulls selected on the basis of highest lactation milk yield of their dams with their estimated breeding values (EBVs) using an animal model. Data on 23,761 lactation milk yield records of 5,936 cows from five main Livestock Experiment Stations in Punjab province of Pakistan (1964-2004) were used for the study. At present the young A.I bulls are required to be from A-category bull-dams. Dams were categorized as A, B, C and D if they had highest lactation milk yield of ${\geq}$2,700, 2,250-2,699, 1,800-2,249 and <1,800 litres, respectively. The EBVs for lactation milk yield were estimated for all the animals using an individual animal model having fixed effect of herd-year and season of calving and random effect of animal. Fixed effect of parity and random effect of permanent environment were incorporated when multiple lactation were used. There were 396 young bulls used for semen collection and A.I during 1973-2004. However, progeny with lactation yields recorded, were available only for 91 bulls and dams could be traced for only 63 bulls. Overall lactation milk yield averaged 1,440.8 kg. Milk yield was 10% heritable with repeatability of 39%. Ranking bulls on highest lactation milk yield of their dams, the in-vogue criteria of selecting bulls, had a rank correlation of 0.167 (p<0.190) with ranking based on EBVs from animal model analysis. Bulls' EBVs for all lactations had rank correlation of 0.716 (p<0.001) with EBVs based on first lactation milk yield and 0.766 (p<0.001) with average EBVs of dam and sire (pedigree index). Ranking of bulls on highest lactation yield of their dams has no association with their ranking based on animal model evaluation. Young Sahiwal bulls should be selected on the basis of pedigree index instead of highest lactation yield of dams. This can help improve the genetic potential of the breed accruing to conservation and development efforts.

Synthesis of Tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline based Azetidinones & Thiazolidinones as Potent Antibacterial & Antifungal Agents

Kumar, Shiv,Khan, S.A.,Alam, Ozair,Azim, Rizwan,Khurana, Atul,Shaquiquzzaman, M.,Siddiqui, Nadeem,Ahsan, Waquar Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.7

4-Chlorotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline (III) was synthesized by azide (2+3) cycloaddition of 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline (II). Compound (III) on further refluxing with hydrazine hydrate furnished 4-hydrazinotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline (IV). Further refluxing of (IV) with different aromatic aldehydes in methanol yielded corresponding Schiff's bases V(a-j). Various 4-aminotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline based azetidinones VII(a-j) were synthesized by stirring the compounds V(a-j), at low temperature, with equimolar mixture of chloroacetylchloride & triethylamine in dry benzene, while 4-aminotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline based thiazolidinones VIII(a-j) were synthesized by refluxing Schiff's bases V(a-j) with thioglycolic acid in oil-bath. The structures of all the compounds were confirmed on the basis of $^1H$-NMR & FT-IR spectral data. All the newly synthesized compounds were screened for in-vitro antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae & P. aeruginosa & antifungal activity against C. albicans. Few of them have exhibited the promising activity.

Synthesis of Tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline based Azetidinones & Thiazolidinones as Potent Antibacterial & Antifungal Agents

Shiv Kumar,S. A. Khan,Ozair Alam,Rizwan Azim,Atul Khurana,M. Shaquiquzzaman,Nadeem Siddiqui,Waquar Ahsan 대한화학회 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.7

4-Chlorotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline (III) was synthesized by azide (2+3) cycloaddition of 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline (II). Compound (III) on further refluxing with hydrazine hydrate furnished 4-hydrazinotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline (IV). Further refluxing of (IV) with different aromatic aldehydes in methanol yielded corresponding Schiff’s bases V(a-j). Various 4-aminotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline based azetidinones VII(a-j) were synthesized by stirring the compounds V(a-j), at low temperature, with equimolar mixture of chloroacetylchloride & triethylamine in dry benzene, while 4-aminotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline based thiazolidinones VIII(a-j) were synthesized by refluxing Schiff’s bases V(a-j) with thioglycolic acid in oil-bath. The structures of all the compounds were confirmed on the basis of ^1H-NMR & FT-IR spectral data. All the newly synthesized compounds were screened for in-vitro antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae & P. aeruginosa & antifungal activity against C. albicans. Few of them have exhibited the promising activity.

Structure-based magnetic, electrical and transport properties of Ni–Zn–Co ferrite by V5+ substitution

Hossain M.D.,Khan M.N.I.,Hossain Md Sarowar,Ahned S.J.,Alam M.K.,Liba S.I.,Hakim M.A.,Jamil A.T.M.K. 한국물리학회 2022 Current Applied Physics Vol.43 No.-

This article presents the modification of structure-based magnetic, electronic and transport properties along with the conduction mechanism and its relaxation process in a Ni–Zn–Co ferrite tailored by V5+ substitution at B-site replacing Fe3+ ions. The composition Ni0.7Zn0.2Co0.1Fe2-xVxO4 (0≤ x≤ 0.12) was synthesized by standard solid-state reaction method and all samples were crystallized with a single-phase cubic spinel structure belonging to the Fd3m space group. The lattice constants decreased gradually from 8.3673≽A to 8.3602≽A and the average grain sizes (DSEM) are also decreased from 6.92 μm to 1.99 μm due to V5+ ions substitution at Fe3+ of B-site. However, more than 25% of Fe3+ ions migrate to A-site from B-site due to V5+ substitution at Fe3+ of B-site. In all samples θD does not strictly follow the Anderson’s prediction, rather it monotonically decreases to a low value until x = 0.12. Magnetic phase transition temperature shifted to the lower temperature and the net magnetization (ηeB) decreases due to V5+ substitution in Ni–Zn–Co ferrite. Apart this, during conduction charge carriers should require more energy to jump from one cationic site to other for V5+ substitution in the Ni–Zn–Co ferrite and the activation energy (Ea) is much more higher in V5+ substituted sample. Moreover, long-range interaction with localized relaxation mechanism is observed in V5+ doped samples. The resistance at the grain (Rg) is maximum (243.09 Ω) for the sample x = 0.10 while grain boundary resistance (Rgb) is maximum (5.98×105 Ω) for the sample x = 0.07. However, the higher value of ρdC for x = 0.12 sample ensures to be suitable for electromagnets, transformers, electronic inductors, and at high-frequency applications. Moreover, x = 0.07 sample displays high value of TCR ( -8.6%/K at 418 K) which may be utilized as an infrared detector for night vision bolometer material.

Quorum sensing activity of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Serratia glossinae GS2 isolated from the sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) rhizosphere

Jung, B. K.,Khan, A. R.,Hong, S. J.,Park, G. S.,Park, Y. J.,Kim, H. J.,Jeon, H. J.,Khan, M. A.,Waqas, M.,Lee, I. J. UNIV. OF MILAN DEPARTMENT OF FOOD SCIENCE AND MICR 2017 ANNALS OF MICROBIOLOGY Vol.67 No.9

<P>Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) affect plant growth through various mechanisms, such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity, and biofilm formation. The aim of the study reported here was to isolate and characterize rhizobacteria that produce quorum-sensing signal molecules and other PGPR-related molecules. A biofilm-forming bacterium, GS2, was isolated from the rhizosphere of a sesame plant and subsequently found to produce two quorum-sensing signal molecules that were identified as N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (m/z 200) and N-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (m/z 228) by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The strain was also found to produce IAA (17.2 mu g mL(-1)), gibberellins (113.7 mu g mL(-1)), and ACC deaminase (9.7 mu M alpha-ketobutyrate mg(-1) protein h(-1)). The strain was identified as Serratia glossinae based on a comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Inoculation of the strain promoted growth of a gibberellin-deficient rice dwarf mutant (Waito-C). Different growth attributes, including shoot and root elongation, chlorophyll content, and plant weight could be attributed to the PGPR characteristics of strain GS2. These results suggest that S. glossinae strain GS2 can serve as a microbial agent that improves plant growth.</P>