Study on the Influence of Nickel Additions on AA7020 Formability Under Superplastic Forming Like Conditions

S. Taylor,V. Janik,R. Grimes,R. Dashwood 대한금속·재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.9

This study set out to look at the influence of nickel additions on a commercially available AA7020 to understand the impactof the resultant intermetallics on recrystallization, formability and material strength. Elevated temperature tensile testingacross a range of strain rates (5 × 10−4 s−1 × 10−1 s−1) and three temperatures (450− 500 °C) to compare material ductilityfollowed by gas bulge testing at 475 °C and two gas pressures to investigate formability in a test closer to industrial formingconditions. Material strength was established using standard tensile testing, and EBSD used to understand the microstructuralevolution of the materials. It was seen that the nickel additions increased ductility of the material across all test conditions,coupled with increasing the material strength. This was achieved due to the formation of nickel rich intermetallics whichrefine the microstructure during pre-heating through particle stimulated nucleation and subsequently improve strength throughprecipitation hardening in aging treatments.

Abnormal photoluminescence properties of GaN nanorods grown on Si(111) by molecular-beam epitaxy

Park, Young S,Kang, Tae W,Taylor, R A IOP Pub 2008 Nanotechnology Vol.19 No.47

<P>We have studied the photoluminescence properties of GaN nanorods grown on Si(111) substrates by radio-frequency plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy. The hexagonal shaped nanorods with lateral average diameters from 30 to 150 nm are obtained by controlling the Ga flux with a fixed amount of nitrogen. As the diameters decrease, the main emission lines assigned as donor bound excitons are blueshifted, causing a spectral overlap of this emission line with that of the free exciton at 10 K due to the quantum size effect in the GaN nanorods. The temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra show an abnormal behaviour with an ‘S-like’ shape for higher diameter nanorods. The activation energy of the free exciton for GaN nanorods with different diameters was also evaluated.</P>

중엽세포의 체적 및 표면적과 콩잎의 광합성 능력간 관계

Jin Il Yun,S. Elwynn Taylor 韓國作物學會 1988 한국작물학회지 Vol.33 No.4

두께가 서로 다른 C3 식물의 잎은 단위엽면적당 광합성 능력에 있어서도 차이가 나는 바 잎의 내부구조와 기체교환 사이의 관계를 바탕으로 그 원인을 구명하였다. 광합성의 2대 제한요인으로 기체확산과 생화학적 과정의 상대적인 중요도를 결정하기 위해 중엽세포의 표면은 기체확산 저항의, 그리고 세포의 체적은 탄소고정 능력의 지표로 가정하였다. 즉 세포의 표면적이 증가하면 이산화탄소의 액상확산 저항이 감소하며 체적이 증대되면 carboxylation, oxygenation, 그리고 dark respiration 반응속도가 증가한다고 간주하였다. 이러한 개념을 함축하는 광합성 모형을 작성하고 이 가설의 검증을 위해 대두 품종 Amsoy잎을 이용한 실험을 수행하였다. 생장조절실내에서 200, 400, 600u mol photons m2 s1 PAR을 공급하여 서로 다른 두께의 잎을 준비하였으며 제3 및 4본엽에 대해 1,000 u mol photons m2 s1 PAR 및 28 기온 환경하에서 이산화탄소 흡수속도를 측정한 결과 세포의 체적과 표면적의 영향을 동시에 고려한 광합성 모형이 세포 표면적만을 고려한 경우 보다 실측치에 가까운 예측치를 산출하였다. 이로 미루어 세포의 표면적과 체적은 잎의 두께 및 그에 따른 광합성 능력의 예측에 적절한 변수로 간주된다. Variations in photosynthetic capacities of leaves differing in thickness were explained on the basis of relationships between gas exchange and internal leaf structure. The relative importance of gas diffusion and of biochemical processes as limiting for leaf photosynthesis was also determined. Mesophyll cell surface was considered to be the limiting internal site for gas diffusion. and cell volume to be indicative of the sink capacity for CO2 fixation. Increases in cell surface area were assumed to reduce proportionately mesophyll resistance to the liquid phase diffusion of CO2 . Increased cell volume was thought to account for a proportional increase in reaction rates for carboxylation, oxygenation. and dark respiration. This assumption was tested using chamber-grown Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Amsoy plants. Plants were grown under 200, 400, and 600 ~mu mol photons m~ -2/ s~ -1/ of PAR to induce development of various leaf thickness. Photosynthetic CO2 uptake rates were measured on the 3rd and 4th trifoliolate leaves under 1000 ~mu mol photons m~ -2/ s~ -1/ of PAR and at the air temperature of 28 C. A pseudo -mechanistic photosynthesis model was modified to accommodate the concept of cell surface area as well as both cell volume and surface area. Both versions were used to simulate leaf photosynthesis. Computations based on volume and surface area showed slightly better agreement with experimental data than did those based on the surface area only. This implies that any single factor, whether it is photosynthetic model utilized in this study was suitable for relating leaf thickness to leaf productivity.

Postoperative chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for elderly cervical cancer patients with positive margins, lymph nodes, or parametrial invasion

Taylor R. Cushman,Waqar Haque,Hari Menon,Chad G. Rusthoven,E. Brian Butler,Bin S. Teh,Vivek Verma 대한부인종양학회 2018 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.29 No.6

Objective: Women with cervical cancer (CC) found to have positive surgical margins, positive lymph nodes, and/or parametrial invasion receive a survival benefit from postoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) vs. radiation therapy (RT) alone. However, older women may not benefit to the same extent, as they are at increased risk of death from non-oncologic causes as well as toxicities from oncologic treatments. This study sought to evaluate whether there was a survival benefit of CRT over RT in elderly patients with cervical cancer. Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried for patients ≥70 years old with newly diagnosed IA2, IB, or IIA CC and positive margins, parametrial invasion, and/or positive nodes on surgical resection. Statistics included logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier overall survival (OS), and Cox proportional hazards modeling analyses. Results: Altogether, 166 patients met inclusion criteria; 62 (37%) underwent postoperative RT and 104 (63%) underwent postoperative CRT. Younger patients and those living in areas of higher income were less likely to receive CRT, while parametrial invasion and nodal involvement were associated with an increased likelihood (p<0.05 for all). There were no OS differences by treatment type. Subgroup analysis by number of risk factors, as well as each of the 3 risk factors separately, also did not reveal any OS differences between cohorts. Conclusion: In the largest such study to date, older women with postoperative risk factor(s) receiving RT alone experienced similar survival as those undergoing CRT. Although causation is not implied, careful patient selection is paramount to balance treatment-related toxicity risks with theoretical outcome benefits.

Direct Observation via In Situ Heated Stage EBSD Analysis of Recrystallization of Phosphorous Deoxidised Copper in Unstrained and Strained Conditions

S. Taylor,I. Masters,Z. Li,H. R. Kotadia 대한금속·재료학회 2020 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.26 No.7

Recrystallization of phosphorous deoxidised copper used for strength critical applications at elevated temperatures wasinvestigated by means of in situ heated stage EBSD analysis using a Gatan Murano heated stage mounted within a Carl ZeissSigma FEGSEM electron microscope. The influence of applied strain as the result of deformation within a Nakajima testas an analogue for industrial forming on the recrystallization temperature was investigated, the impact of increased heatingrates on microstructural evolution was also investigated. Inverse pole figure plots combined with regions of reduction in localmisorientations and variations in geometrically necessary dislocations were used to establish the point of recrystallizationand the recrystallized fraction of the material. Recrystallization was observed to occur at temperatures as low as 130 °C inhighly strained samples compared to around 300 °C within the annealed samples dependent upon heating rate. Increasedheating rates were observed to produce a finer final grain structure but had little effect on presence of <111> 60° grain twins,which was influenced more by initial material condition.

Nitric Oxie Down-regulates Hepatocyte- Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression

Taylor, Bradley S.,Kim, Young-Myeong,Wang, Qi,Shapiro, Richard A.,Billiar, Timothy R.,Geller, David A. MediMedia Korea 1998 JAMA-Korea Vol.13 No.1

Social Support and Delinquent Attitudes : Testing the Effects of Illegitimate versus Legitimate Sources of Social Support on the Delinquent Attitudes of Inner-City Black Male Juveniles

Taylor, Carl S.;Hwang, Eui Gab;Zimmermann, Carol Rapp 경찰대학교 2008 경찰학연구 Vol.8 No.2

남자 청소년들이 형사사법시스템에 과도한 비율로 넘나드는 상황을 고려했을 때 어떻게 이 집단의 비행태도를 누그러뜨리고 올바른 사회성을 기르도록 할 것인가에 대한 문제는 꾸준히 고심해야 할 사항이다. 본 연구는 Cullen (1994) 이 제시한 사회후원의 청소년 비행태도에 대한 역할을 이론적 기반으로 하여 가정, 주위의 정상적인 어른들과 친구들, 그리고 불량스런 친구들로부터의 사회적 후원이 문제가 많은 도심지역에 거주하는 95명의 흑인 남자청소년들의 비행태도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다 경로분석의 결과에 의하면 기대했던 대로 정상적인 친구와 어른들의 사회적 후원은 비행태도를 누그러뜨리는 역할을 하고 비행집단 가입은 비행태도를 높이는 역할을 하였다. 그러나 청소년들에 대한 가정에서의 후원은 비행태도에 직접적인 영향을 주기보다는 정상적인 사회관계를 북돋우고 비행집단 가입을 저지함으로써 결국 간접적으로 비행태도를 낮추는 역할을 하였다. 데이터의 한계로 말미암아 교육과 종교 등 공식적인 형태의 사회후원 체계의 역할은 경로분석의 틀로 완벽하게 분석할 수 없었으나 상관관계라는 제한된 분석의 철과는 교회출석과 부모의 교육이수가 청소년들로 하여금 비행집단 가입 등 불법적인 형태의 사회후원과 범죄 속으로 빠져드는 것을 막는 역할을 한다는 것을 보여 주었다. 이러한 분석결과를 토대로 정책대안에 대해 논하였다 Given the vast over-representation of young males in the criminal justice system, how to intervene with this group to extinguish criminal attitudes and support prosocial attitudes remains an open question. This study examines the role of social support, proposed by Cullen (1994), in the formation of conventional or delinquent attitudes - specifically, the role of social support from family, conventional adults and peers, and non-conventional peers on the delinquent attitudes of ninety-five black adolescents and young adults in an urban area of concentrated disadvantage. Path analysis showed that, as expected, social support from conventional peers and adults was associated with lower delinquent attitudes and gang membership was associated with higher levels of delinquent attitudes. However, the effect of family support was not directly associated with lower delinquent attitudes, but did indirectly affect delinquent attitudes through a positive association with prosocial support from others and through a negative relationship with gang involvement. Formal sources of social support could not be fully modeled, given the limitations of the data, but limited analysis indicated that education and religiosity might help insulate minority males from gravitating toward illegitimate sources of social support and criminality. Policy implications are discussed.

Social Support and Delinquent Attitudes

Taylor Carl S.,황의갑(Hwang Eui Gab),Zimmermann Carol Rapp 경찰대학 경찰학연구편집위원회 2008 경찰학연구 Vol.8 No.2

남자 청소년들이 형사사법시스템에 과도한 비율로 넘나드는 상황을 고려했을 때 어떻게 이 집단의 비행태도를 누그러뜨리고 올바른 사회성을 기르도록 할 것인가에 대한 문제는 꾸준히 고심해야 할 사항이다. 본 연구는 Cullen (1994) 이 제시한 사회후원의 청소년 비행태도에 대한 역할을 이론적 기반으로 하여 가정, 주위의 정상적인 어른들과 친구들, 그리고 불량스런 친구들로부터의 사회적 후원이 문제가 많은 도심지역에 거주하는 95명의 흑인 남자청소년들의 비행태도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 경로분석의 결과에 의하면 기대했던 대로 정상적인 친구와 어른들의 사회적 후원은 비행태도를 누그러뜨리는 역할을 하고 비행집단 가입은 비행태도를 높이는 역할을 하였다. 그러나 청소년들에 대한 가정에서의 후원은 비행태도에 직접적인 영향을 주기보다는 정상적인 사회관계를 북돋우고 비행집단 가입을 저지함으로써 결국 간접적으로 비행태도를 낮추는 역할을 하였다. 데이터의 한계로 말미암아 교육과 종교 등 공식적인 형태의 사회후원 체계의 역할은 경로분석의 틀로 완벽하게 분석할 수 없었으나 상관관계라는 제한된 분석의 결과는 교회출석과 부모의 교육이수가 청소년들로 하여금 비행집단 가입 등 불법적인 형태의 사회후원과 범죄 속으로 빠져드는 것을 막는 역할을 한다는 것을 보여주었다. 이러한 분석결과를 토대로 정책대안에 대해 논하였다. Given the vast over-representation of young males in the criminal justice system, how to intervene with this group to extinguish criminal attitudes and support prosocial attitudes remains an open question. This study examines the role of social support, proposed by Cullen (1994), in the formation of conventional or delinquent attitudes - specifically, the role of social support from family, conventional adults and peers, and non-conventional peers on the delinquent attitudes of ninety-five black adolescents and young adults in an urban area of concentrated disadvantage. Path analysis showed that, as expected, social support from conventional peers and adults was associated with lower delinquent attitudes and gang membership was associated with higher levels of delinquent attitudes. However, the effect of family support was not directly associated with lower delinquent attitudes, but did indirectly affect delinquent attitudes through a positive association with prosocial support from others and through a negative relationship with gang involvement. Formal sources of social support could not be fully modeled, given the limitations of the data, but limited analysis indicated that education and religiosity might help insulate minority males from gravitating toward illegitimate sources of social support and criminality. Policy implications are discussed.

Radiative decays of theΣ0(1385)andΛ(1520)hyperons

Taylor, S.,Mutchler, G. S.,Adams, G.,Ambrozewicz, P.,Anciant, E.,Anghinolfi, M.,Asavapibhop, B.,Asryan, G.,Audit, G.,Avakian, H.,Bagdasaryan, H.,Ball, J. P.,Barrow, S.,Batourine, V.,Battaglieri, M.,Be American Physical Society 2005 PHYSICAL REVIEW C - Vol.71 No.5

An Approach to Transit Path Design Using GIS

S.V.C. Sekhar, Wen Long Yue, M.A.P.Taylor 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2004 International journal of urban sciences (IJUS) Vol. No.

The design of public transportation networks is complex and can include conflicting objectives. Networks designed to minimise travel time may not fulfil the requirement of maximum coverage and accessibility. In this context, a multi-criteria approach for transit alignment design has been developed to maximise a range of objectives using census data. Whenever a subdivision is developed in a suburban region of a medium sized city, transit operators often receive requests to link the city centre with the new locality via new routes. Traditionally, implementation of routing a new bus service is based on a ‘common sense’approach. This can lead to the development of an irrational network of public transport routes. This research offers an alternative approach, which essentially optimises ulticriteria for planning transit routes. This research has proved that it is worth considering such options for connecting origin-destination zones with a new bus service.