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RISS 인기검색어
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- 저자 : S. Chander (검색결과 9 건)
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An approach to MgCl2 activation on CdSe thin films for solar cells
S.L. Patel,A. Purohit,S. Chander,M.D. Kannan,M.S. Dhaka 한국물리학회 2018 Current Applied Physics Vol.18 No.7
The energy demand of the world is rapidly increasing and to cater this, there is a need to explore new renewable energy resources. CdSe thin film solar cells may be promising alternative to the CdTe solar cells which are extensively studied and used in solar cell technology. The pre/post deposition chlorine based treatments (viz. CdCl2, MgCl2, NH4Cl) are the important steps to enhance the performance of Cd-based thin film solar cells. Therefore, a study on MgCl2 activation treatment to CdSe thin films for solar cell applications as absorber layer is undertaken. Different physical properties of e-beam evaporated CdSe films (thickness 550 nm) grown on glass and ITO substrates are investigated and found to be strongly dependent on the post-chlorine treatment. The films have cubic zinc-blende structure and phase transformation from cubic (111) to hexagonal (002) is achieved with the MgCl2 treatment while the optical band gap is reduced. I-V characteristics reveal the linear relation between voltage and current as well as the surface roughness is varied with treatment and improved homogeneity. The deposition of CdSe thin films is confirmed by elemental analysis where Cd and Se were found to be rich with treatment. The investigated results suggest that CdSe thin films treated by MgCl2 and annealed at 320 °C may be a viable alternative absorber layer to the Cd-based solar cells.
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Chander Prakash,H. K. Kansal,B. S. Pabla,Sanjeev Puri 대한기계학회 2016 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.30 No.9
The success of an implant depends upon surface characteristics like roughness, topography, chemistry and hardness. The fabrication of a hard surface in combination with micron-, submicron- and nano-scale surface roughness is a great challenge for biomanufacturing industries. The surface microhardness (MH) needs to be maximized while controlling the Surface roughness (SR). The present research is the first study in which the application of Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA)-II coupled with Taguchi based Response surface methodology (RSM) is used to predict the optimal conditions of Powder mixed electric discharge machining (PMEDM) parameters to fabricate the biocompatible surface on β-phase Ti alloy. Batch vial tests were first carried out in accordance with the L 25 orthogonal array. ANOVA analysis gave the significant influencing factors and then mathematical models were developed between input parameters and output responses like SR and MH using Taguchi based RSM technique. These models were then optimized using NSGA-II to obtain a set of Pareto-optimal solutions. From the series of multiple solutions, the best optimal condition to achieve required low SR and high MH was determined, which are 13 A peak current, 5 µs pulse duration, 8% duty cycle (longer pulse-interval) and 8 g/l silicon powder concentration for achieving a required low SR and high MH. The MH considerably increased about 184% compared to the base material, and about 1.02 µm SR can be achieved in combination with micron-, submicron- and nano-scale surface features.
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Magnetic behaviour of nanocrystalline Ni–Cu ferrite and the effect of irradiation by 100 MeV Ni ions
S.N. Dolia,Ravi Kumar,S.K. Sharma,M.P. Sharma,Subhash Chander,M. Singh 한국물리학회 2008 Current Applied Physics Vol.8 No.5
The effects of 100 MeV Ni ion irradiation on magnetic properties of nanoparticles of Ni0.8Cu0.₂Fe₂O₄ with average particle sizes of 40Å and 60Å , synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method have been studied. The spinel cubic structures were confirmed by XRD. The average particle size estimated by XRD and by Langevin function fitting are in good agreement for both the pristine and irradiated samples. The blocking temperature increases with particle size and does not change after irradiation. On irradiation by 100 MeV Ni ions, significant changes in the hysteresis loop features are observed, which may be attributed to formation of cluster of defects in the nanocrystalline samples due to swift heavy ion (SHI) irradiation. It is also found that SHI irradiation produces more dominant changes in the hysteresis loop of smaller particle size of 40Å as compared to that of 60Å. The effects of 100 MeV Ni ion irradiation on magnetic properties of nanoparticles of Ni0.8Cu0.₂Fe₂O₄ with average particle sizes of 40Å and 60Å , synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method have been studied. The spinel cubic structures were confirmed by XRD. The average particle size estimated by XRD and by Langevin function fitting are in good agreement for both the pristine and irradiated samples. The blocking temperature increases with particle size and does not change after irradiation. On irradiation by 100 MeV Ni ions, significant changes in the hysteresis loop features are observed, which may be attributed to formation of cluster of defects in the nanocrystalline samples due to swift heavy ion (SHI) irradiation. It is also found that SHI irradiation produces more dominant changes in the hysteresis loop of smaller particle size of 40Å as compared to that of 60Å.
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Genetic Structure and Differentiation of Three Indian Goat Breeds
Dixit, S.P.,Verma, N.K.,Aggarwal, R.A.K.,Kumar, Sandeep,Chander, Ramesh,Vyas, M.K.,Singh, K.P. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.9
Gene flow, genetic structure and differentiation of Kutchi, Mehsana and Sirohi breeds of goat from North-Western India were evaluated based on 25 microsatellite markers so as to support breed conservation and improvement decisions. The microsatellite genotyping was carried out using an automated DNA sequencer. The gene diversity across the studied loci for the Kutchi breed varied from 0.57 (ILST 065) to 0.93 (OarFCB 304, OMHC 1, ILSTS 058) with an overall mean of 0.79${\pm}$0.02. The corresponding values for Mehsana and Sirohi breeds were 0.16 (ILST 008) to 0.93 (OMHC 1, ILSTS 058) with an average of 0.76${\pm}$0.04, and 0.50 (ILSTS 029) to 0.94 (ILSTS 058) with an average of 0.78${\pm}$0.02, respectively. The Mehsana breed had lowest gene diversity among the 3 breeds studied. All the populations showed an overall significant heterozygote deficit ($F_{is}$). The Fis values were 0.26, 0.14 and 0.36 for Kutchi, Mehsana and Sirohi goat breeds, respectively. Kutchi and Mehsana were more differentiated (16%) followed by Mehsana and Sirohi (13%).The measures of standard genetic distance between pairs of breeds indicated that the lowest genetic distance was between Kutchi and Sirohi breeds (0.73) and the largest genetic distance was between Mehsana and Kutchi (1.0) followed by Sirohi and Mehsana (0.75) breeds. Mehsana and Kutchi are distinct breeds and this was revealed by the estimated genetic distance between them. All measures of genetic variation revealed substantial genetic variation in each of the populations studied, thereby showing good scope for their further improvement.
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Harish Chander Dutt,Surjeet Singh,Bharathi Avula,Ikhlas A. Khan,Yashbir S. Bedi 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.2
Caralluma fimbriata extract has received Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) status for use as a nutraceutical to combat the most serious public health concern (i.e., obesity). More than 260 species grouped under the genus Caralluma (Family Apocynaceae) are distributed in tropical Asia and Mediterranean regions of the globe. Ethnobotanically,some species have been used as traditional and modern dietary ingredients to suppress appetite. Many species of Caralluma are commonly used as traditional medicine for the treatment of rheumatism, diabetes, leprosy, paralysis, and inflammation and have antimalarial, antitrypanosomal, anti-ulcer, antioxidant, antinociceptive, and antiproliferative activities. The genus is known for compounds like pregnane glycosides, flavonoid glycoside, flavones, magastigmane glycosides, pregnane steroids,steroidal glycosides, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, aromatic and nonaromatic volatile compounds, and b-sitosterol. An extract of C. fimbriata (Slimaluna, Gencor Nutrients, Anaheim, CA, USA) is used as an anti-obesity agent and appetite suppressor. It is also seen that the pregnane glycosides isolated and identified from African Hoodia are reported as anti-obesity and appetite-suppressant compounds. On reviewing the studies undertaken on the chemistry, pharmacology, and therapeutic potential of Caralluma, it is concluded that the genus is also composed of pregnane glycosides as one of the major constituents. Availability of pregnane glycosides in Caralluma is an indication of the appetite-suppressant property of this genus. This coupled with the GRAS status of the extract of C. fimbriata has opened the possibility of developing an anti-obesity/appetite-suppressant product from other species of Caralluma. The main objective of this article is to review the studies undertaken on the plant in light of further research for anti-obesity drugs and nutraceuticals from species of Caralluma.
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Abifarin Johnson Kehinde,Abifarin Fredah Batale,Oyedeji Elijah Oyewusi,Prakash Chander,Zahedi S. Abolfazl 한국세라믹학회 2023 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.60 No.6
In this research, Taguchi–grey relational analysis has been applied to mitigate the insufficient assumptions made on the optimization of mechanical and structural (mechanostructural) properties of synthesized hydroxyapatite (HAp)–alumina–titanium nanocomposite. This nanocomposite has already been developed and studied in the previous study. This paper employs the L9 (3**3) orthogonal array, including displaying factors and levels of 3, 5, 7 wt % for alumina, 5, 10, 15 wt % for titanium, and 1100, 1150, 1200 °C sintering temperature. The computational analysis presents the predicted mechanostructural grey relational response as 0.7271, higher than the highest response shown in the ninth experimental run. The optimal control factors are analyzed to be 7 wt % alumina, 15 wt % titanium, and 1200 °C sintering temperature. The obtained result elucidates the hypothesis that a singular response optimization is not enough in the fabrication of biomedical material, disproving the assumption made in the previous literature. Importantly, to fabricate a high clinical grade HAp–alumina–titanium nanocomposite, titanium is the most invaluable contributor with a contribution of 49.11%, followed by alumina (45.52%), and then sintering temperature (3.2%). Although the confidence level and probability distribution analysis show that all the experimental mechanostructural responses were within the 95% confidence level, the employment of the predicted optimal factors is strongly recommended for experimentation.
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